Pub Date : 2019-11-21DOI: 10.1504/ijep.2019.103750
V. Radomskaya, N. Borodina, L. M. Pavlova
A comprehensive assessment of the degree of heavy metals mobility in the soils of Blagoveshchensk was carried out, based on research on HM fractional composition and mathematical statistics. It was shown that the majority of Cu, Cr, Ni, Co and Pb accumulates in residual fraction components and that Mn, Cd and Zn accumulate in Fe- and Mn-hydroxides and the residual fraction. Under the increased technogenic addition of Zn contaminants, Pb was fixed in soil due to unstable specific absorption, Cd due to specific absorption and in hydroxide fraction. Cu was bound to an organic fraction, and Cr, Co and Ni to organic and hydroxide fractions. In urban soils compared to background soil, there was increased potential for the mobility of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr and Cd. Among the elements studied, Zn, Mn and Cd, whose potential mobility corresponds to a high level of danger, posed the greatest danger.
{"title":"Complex analysis of heavy metals mobility in the soils of the border town of Blagoveshchensk (Far East, Russia)","authors":"V. Radomskaya, N. Borodina, L. M. Pavlova","doi":"10.1504/ijep.2019.103750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2019.103750","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive assessment of the degree of heavy metals mobility in the soils of Blagoveshchensk was carried out, based on research on HM fractional composition and mathematical statistics. It was shown that the majority of Cu, Cr, Ni, Co and Pb accumulates in residual fraction components and that Mn, Cd and Zn accumulate in Fe- and Mn-hydroxides and the residual fraction. Under the increased technogenic addition of Zn contaminants, Pb was fixed in soil due to unstable specific absorption, Cd due to specific absorption and in hydroxide fraction. Cu was bound to an organic fraction, and Cr, Co and Ni to organic and hydroxide fractions. In urban soils compared to background soil, there was increased potential for the mobility of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr and Cd. Among the elements studied, Zn, Mn and Cd, whose potential mobility corresponds to a high level of danger, posed the greatest danger.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijep.2019.103750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46565992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023400
J. Pospíšil, M. Jicha
In this study, the authors focus on the utilisation of computer modelling for the detailed identification of transient pollutants' dispersion in a perpendicular intersection equipped with traffic lights. Passenger cars are considered as the main source of the air pollution in the intersection. Car movement is at the same time a major driving force affecting the air flow in the crossroad area. A model based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to moving objects has been integrated into a commercial CFD software package StarCD. The inclusion of traffic dynamics is used for a correct description of dispersion processes. The air pollution concentration fields were obtained from numerical predictions for traffic light switching periods of 60, 90, and 120 s. The correctness of the developed dispersion model was assessed on the base of NOx concentration measurements carried out in a real city intersection with similar geometry as in the numerical model.
{"title":"Numerical modelling of transient dispersion of air pollution in perpendicular urban street intersection with detail inclusion of traffic dynamics","authors":"J. Pospíšil, M. Jicha","doi":"10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023400","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the authors focus on the utilisation of computer modelling for the detailed identification of transient pollutants' dispersion in a perpendicular intersection equipped with traffic lights. Passenger cars are considered as the main source of the air pollution in the intersection. Car movement is at the same time a major driving force affecting the air flow in the crossroad area. A model based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to moving objects has been integrated into a commercial CFD software package StarCD. The inclusion of traffic dynamics is used for a correct description of dispersion processes. The air pollution concentration fields were obtained from numerical predictions for traffic light switching periods of 60, 90, and 120 s. The correctness of the developed dispersion model was assessed on the base of NOx concentration measurements carried out in a real city intersection with similar geometry as in the numerical model.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46617499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023397
R. Cesari, T. Landi, A. Maurizi
We present the model performance of the online air quality model BOLCHEM on seasonal period (year 2010) in an air pollution hot spot located in Northern Italy. Simulated surface concentrations of pollutants are compared with those measured at background AirBase stations. Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) is investigated for winter and summer period. The correlation coefficient R is 0.6 for both pollutants and in both seasons. In the winter period, the PM2.5 ground concentration is underestimated by 6.5% on average, the PM10 ground concentration is underestimated by 7.8% on average. In the summer period, the PM2.5 average ground concentration is underestimated by 0.7% on average, while the PM10 average ground concentration is underestimated by 20% on average. The last result suggests that PM10 from Saharan dust storms is underestimated. Ozone (O3) ground concentration is considered only in summer period. It is well reproduced, the correlation coefficient R is 0.7.
{"title":"The coupled chemistry-meteorology model BOLCHEM: an application to air pollution in the Po Valley (Italy) hot spot","authors":"R. Cesari, T. Landi, A. Maurizi","doi":"10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023397","url":null,"abstract":"We present the model performance of the online air quality model BOLCHEM on seasonal period (year 2010) in an air pollution hot spot located in Northern Italy. Simulated surface concentrations of pollutants are compared with those measured at background AirBase stations. Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) is investigated for winter and summer period. The correlation coefficient R is 0.6 for both pollutants and in both seasons. In the winter period, the PM2.5 ground concentration is underestimated by 6.5% on average, the PM10 ground concentration is underestimated by 7.8% on average. In the summer period, the PM2.5 average ground concentration is underestimated by 0.7% on average, while the PM10 average ground concentration is underestimated by 20% on average. The last result suggests that PM10 from Saharan dust storms is underestimated. Ozone (O3) ground concentration is considered only in summer period. It is well reproduced, the correlation coefficient R is 0.7.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48006594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023406
M. A. González, R. Arasa, P. Gámez, Miquel Picanyol, P. Campra
The effects of increasing the surface reflectance by albedo modifications have been evaluated using an air quality modelling system. We have evaluated the influence over pollutant concentrations of increasing from 0.20 to 0.55 the roof surface albedo (scenario called Albedo1) and increasing from 0.15 to 0.30 the ground surface albedo and from 0.20 to 0.55 the roof surface albedo for all urban categories (scenario called Albedo2). To obtain a better representation of the local processes we have considered very high resolution (333.33 m) and up to 10 different urban categories. Changes in albedo cause changes in different meteorological parameters (planetary boundary layer height, radiation and temperature), modifying the pollutant concentration in every single scenario. Results show that this mitigation measure is effective during summer periods, providing not high NO2 increments and O3 reduction on the urban areas of the city of Madrid. Whilst during winter periods the measure induces NO2 increments over polluted areas with high NOx emissions. In this way, the benefits of the measure, from the point of view of urban heat island effects, are greater than the detriments during summer periods, in comparison with air quality effects.
{"title":"Effects of increasing the surface reflectance over air quality levels using WRF-BEM/AEMM/CMAQ: application over the city of Madrid","authors":"M. A. González, R. Arasa, P. Gámez, Miquel Picanyol, P. Campra","doi":"10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023406","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of increasing the surface reflectance by albedo modifications have been evaluated using an air quality modelling system. We have evaluated the influence over pollutant concentrations of increasing from 0.20 to 0.55 the roof surface albedo (scenario called Albedo1) and increasing from 0.15 to 0.30 the ground surface albedo and from 0.20 to 0.55 the roof surface albedo for all urban categories (scenario called Albedo2). To obtain a better representation of the local processes we have considered very high resolution (333.33 m) and up to 10 different urban categories. Changes in albedo cause changes in different meteorological parameters (planetary boundary layer height, radiation and temperature), modifying the pollutant concentration in every single scenario. Results show that this mitigation measure is effective during summer periods, providing not high NO2 increments and O3 reduction on the urban areas of the city of Madrid. Whilst during winter periods the measure induces NO2 increments over polluted areas with high NOx emissions. In this way, the benefits of the measure, from the point of view of urban heat island effects, are greater than the detriments during summer periods, in comparison with air quality effects.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47206692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.101832
S. Arunachalam, Brian Naess, Catherine Seppanen, Alejandro Valencia, J. Brandmeyer, A. Venkatram, J. Weil, Vlad Isakov, T. Barzyk
Transportation infrastructure (including roadway traffic, ports, and airports) is critical to the nation's economy. With a growing economy, aircraft activity is expected to grow across the world. In the US, airport-related emissions, while generally small, are not an insignificant source of air pollution and related adverse health effects. However, currently there is a lack of tools that can easily be applied to study near-source pollution and explore the benefits of improvements to air quality and exposures. Screening-level air quality modelling is a useful tool for examining urban-scale air quality impacts of airport operations. Spatially-resolved aircraft emissions are needed for the screening-level modelling. In order to create spatially-resolved aircraft emissions, we developed a bottom-up emissions estimation methodology that includes data from a global chorded inventory dataset from the aviation environmental design tool (AEDT). The initial implementation of this method was performed for Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). This paper describes a new emissions estimation methodology for aircraft emissions in support of community-scale assessments of air quality around airports and presents an illustration of its application at the Los Angeles International Airport during the LAX 2011/2012 Air Quality Source Apportionment Study.
{"title":"A new bottom-up emissions estimation approach for aircraft sources in support of air quality modelling for community-scale assessments around airports.","authors":"S. Arunachalam, Brian Naess, Catherine Seppanen, Alejandro Valencia, J. Brandmeyer, A. Venkatram, J. Weil, Vlad Isakov, T. Barzyk","doi":"10.1504/IJEP.2019.101832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2019.101832","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation infrastructure (including roadway traffic, ports, and airports) is critical to the nation's economy. With a growing economy, aircraft activity is expected to grow across the world. In the US, airport-related emissions, while generally small, are not an insignificant source of air pollution and related adverse health effects. However, currently there is a lack of tools that can easily be applied to study near-source pollution and explore the benefits of improvements to air quality and exposures. Screening-level air quality modelling is a useful tool for examining urban-scale air quality impacts of airport operations. Spatially-resolved aircraft emissions are needed for the screening-level modelling. In order to create spatially-resolved aircraft emissions, we developed a bottom-up emissions estimation methodology that includes data from a global chorded inventory dataset from the aviation environmental design tool (AEDT). The initial implementation of this method was performed for Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). This paper describes a new emissions estimation methodology for aircraft emissions in support of community-scale assessments of air quality around airports and presents an illustration of its application at the Los Angeles International Airport during the LAX 2011/2012 Air Quality Source Apportionment Study.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":"65 123 1","pages":"43-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJEP.2019.101832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41940636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023398
U. Uhrner, R. Reifeltshammer, P. Sturm
Substantial breaches in NO2 limits in the vicinity of a tunnel portal and street canyon micro environment provided the motivation for this paper. The impact of portal and surface road emissions was assessed and mitigation scenarios computed, in order to aid the authorities responsible. Emphasis was placed on detailed emission processing. A unique data set from nine NO2 monitors located near the portal and within the street canyon was used to evaluate the model approach using a Lagrangian particle model. Good agreement with measurements was obtained using simple NOx/NO2 conversion approaches. The NOx/NO2 concentration pattern is dominated by surface road emissions. A kerbside area of ~30 m in the driving direction is clearly dominated by the portal emissions indicating effective diffusion at the portal. Major uncertainties are related to the interaction of flow and turbulent mixing from ambient atmospheric conditions and traffic, particularly at low wind speed conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of the NO2 burden within a joint street canyon and tunnel portal micro environment","authors":"U. Uhrner, R. Reifeltshammer, P. Sturm","doi":"10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023398","url":null,"abstract":"Substantial breaches in NO2 limits in the vicinity of a tunnel portal and street canyon micro environment provided the motivation for this paper. The impact of portal and surface road emissions was assessed and mitigation scenarios computed, in order to aid the authorities responsible. Emphasis was placed on detailed emission processing. A unique data set from nine NO2 monitors located near the portal and within the street canyon was used to evaluate the model approach using a Lagrangian particle model. Good agreement with measurements was obtained using simple NOx/NO2 conversion approaches. The NOx/NO2 concentration pattern is dominated by surface road emissions. A kerbside area of ~30 m in the driving direction is clearly dominated by the portal emissions indicating effective diffusion at the portal. Major uncertainties are related to the interaction of flow and turbulent mixing from ambient atmospheric conditions and traffic, particularly at low wind speed conditions.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44391257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023404
M. Werner, M. Kryza, K. Wałaszek
In this study, we applied the EMEP/MSC-W model at a high spatial resolution of 4 km × 4 km over Poland (EMEP4PL), and ran the model for the whole of the years 2015 and 2030. For the second simulation we used GAINS PRIMES emission projection and kept the meteorology from 2015. Although the model results are satisfactory and comparable to the results in other European countries, the number of days with exceedances of the limit value is highly underestimated in comparison to observations for 2015. It shows that the model is limited in its simulation of very high particulate matter concentrations in the winter season. Therefore, we applied a bias correction for the year 2030 based on the observations and model results for the year 2015. Bias corrected simulation shows that at 60 stations (out of 104), the PM10 daily limit value will be exceeded at least 35 times in 2030.
{"title":"Emission projections and limit values of air pollution concentration - a case study using the EMEP4PL model","authors":"M. Werner, M. Kryza, K. Wałaszek","doi":"10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023404","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we applied the EMEP/MSC-W model at a high spatial resolution of 4 km × 4 km over Poland (EMEP4PL), and ran the model for the whole of the years 2015 and 2030. For the second simulation we used GAINS PRIMES emission projection and kept the meteorology from 2015. Although the model results are satisfactory and comparable to the results in other European countries, the number of days with exceedances of the limit value is highly underestimated in comparison to observations for 2015. It shows that the model is limited in its simulation of very high particulate matter concentrations in the winter season. Therefore, we applied a bias correction for the year 2030 based on the observations and model results for the year 2015. Bias corrected simulation shows that at 60 stations (out of 104), the PM10 daily limit value will be exceeded at least 35 times in 2030.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46295741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023410
M. Kaasik, Mihkel Pindus, Tanel Tamm, H. Orru
Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter were modelled to assess the health benefits of an urban regeneration scenario for the central part of Tallinn, where the traffic on two of the main streets will be reduced to create a more friendly space for active commuters. To model the air quality the stationary Gaussian plume model AEROPOL was used with a 25 m grid resolution. The model was validated against a stationary air quality monitoring station in the domain. The health benefits of the scenarios were calculated based on the changes in air pollution exposures for residents and daily visitors, using methods of health impact assessment. This research predicts that each year the reduction of exhaust (indicated by NO2) and road dust (indicated by PM10) exposure in the city centre would prevent up to 0.29 premature deaths (−27%) among the general population, 0.57 deaths (−3.6%) among daily visitors, 0.18 deaths (−21.2%) among pedestrians, and 0.03 deaths (−24.7%) among people public transport users.
{"title":"Modelling the air quality for assessing the health benefits of urban regeneration: a case of Tallinn city Centre, Estonia","authors":"M. Kaasik, Mihkel Pindus, Tanel Tamm, H. Orru","doi":"10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023410","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter were modelled to assess the health benefits of an urban regeneration scenario for the central part of Tallinn, where the traffic on two of the main streets will be reduced to create a more friendly space for active commuters. To model the air quality the stationary Gaussian plume model AEROPOL was used with a 25 m grid resolution. The model was validated against a stationary air quality monitoring station in the domain. The health benefits of the scenarios were calculated based on the changes in air pollution exposures for residents and daily visitors, using methods of health impact assessment. This research predicts that each year the reduction of exhaust (indicated by NO2) and road dust (indicated by PM10) exposure in the city centre would prevent up to 0.29 premature deaths (−27%) among the general population, 0.57 deaths (−3.6%) among daily visitors, 0.18 deaths (−21.2%) among pedestrians, and 0.03 deaths (−24.7%) among people public transport users.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45191193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.101836
M. Garau, M. G. Badas, Simon Ferrari, A. Seoni, G. Querzoli
The aim of this work is to gain further insight into the role played by the building aspect ratio (ARB, i.e., the ratio of the building width, WB, to the building height, H) and its influence on street canyon flow. We carried out a series of large eddy simulations with arrays of obstacles with different widths, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0, and two canyon aspect ratios (ARC, i.e., the ratio of the canyon width, W, to H) ARC = 0.5 and ARC = 1.0. Experimental data was obtained in a water channel for the corresponding configuration and used to validate numerical simulations. Results were found strongly dependent on the building aspect ratios, with two distinct behaviours identified with respect to the canyon aspect ratio. The residence time decreases with decreasing ARB, irrespective of the canyon aspect ratio, suggesting that ARB and ARC can be optimised to guarantee optimal street canyon ventilation in urban planning.
{"title":"Air exchange in urban canyons with variable building width: a numerical LES approach","authors":"M. Garau, M. G. Badas, Simon Ferrari, A. Seoni, G. Querzoli","doi":"10.1504/IJEP.2019.101836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2019.101836","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to gain further insight into the role played by the building aspect ratio (ARB, i.e., the ratio of the building width, WB, to the building height, H) and its influence on street canyon flow. We carried out a series of large eddy simulations with arrays of obstacles with different widths, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0, and two canyon aspect ratios (ARC, i.e., the ratio of the canyon width, W, to H) ARC = 0.5 and ARC = 1.0. Experimental data was obtained in a water channel for the corresponding configuration and used to validate numerical simulations. Results were found strongly dependent on the building aspect ratios, with two distinct behaviours identified with respect to the canyon aspect ratio. The residence time decreases with decreasing ARB, irrespective of the canyon aspect ratio, suggesting that ARB and ARC can be optimised to guarantee optimal street canyon ventilation in urban planning.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJEP.2019.101836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47278988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023409
O. Kracht, M. Gerboles
We propose a geostatistical technique based on point-centred semi-variograms that can be used to derive valuable information about the spatial representativeness of air quality monitoring sites. Whereas classical geostatistics describes the spatial correlation structure of a concentration field in terms of the variogram, point-centred variography is based on the average of squared concentration differences observed in pairs formed from a particular central point and the set of all other points in the domain. It thereby places a monitoring station in the context of the local or regional air quality pattern. We demonstrate how a mathematical inversion of the point-centred variogram can provide estimates of the extent of the representativeness area of a monitoring site. The application of this approach is tested on a set of modelling data from the city of Antwerp, which was used for the FAIRMODE/AQUILA intercomparison exercise of methods for the assessment of spatial representativeness.
{"title":"Spatial representativeness evaluation of air quality monitoring sites by point-centred variography","authors":"O. Kracht, M. Gerboles","doi":"10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2019.10023409","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a geostatistical technique based on point-centred semi-variograms that can be used to derive valuable information about the spatial representativeness of air quality monitoring sites. Whereas classical geostatistics describes the spatial correlation structure of a concentration field in terms of the variogram, point-centred variography is based on the average of squared concentration differences observed in pairs formed from a particular central point and the set of all other points in the domain. It thereby places a monitoring station in the context of the local or regional air quality pattern. We demonstrate how a mathematical inversion of the point-centred variogram can provide estimates of the extent of the representativeness area of a monitoring site. The application of this approach is tested on a set of modelling data from the city of Antwerp, which was used for the FAIRMODE/AQUILA intercomparison exercise of methods for the assessment of spatial representativeness.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43830300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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