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Neem Essential Oil as an Antifungal Agent against Phyllosticta citricarpa. 楝树精油作为一种抗真菌剂来对付柠檬糙叶病。
IF 2.8 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6251407
Joyce Maria Schuch, Carolina Rosai Mendes, Guilherme Lopes Cardoso, Carlos André da Veiga Lima Rosa Costamilan, Paulo Renato Matos Lopes, Renato Nallin Montagnolli, Guilherme Dilarri, Ederio Dino Bidoia

The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS-free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for P. citricarpa, and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. In vivo assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC-MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100 μL·mL-1 exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68 ± 1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30 minutes of contact with NEO. GC-MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. In vivo assays showed that NEO at 100 μL·mL-1 also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL-1) by 93.00 ± 3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against P. citricarpa in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export.

Phyllosticta citricarpa 真菌是一种检疫植物病原体,可引起柑橘黑斑病(CBS)。要将水果出口到无柑橘黑斑病的国家,必须经过卫生处理,以确保疾病得到控制。在这项研究中,楝树精油(NEO)作为一种替代消毒剂,首次对柑橘黑斑病进行了测试。通过体外实验确定了 NEO 对柠檬蝇的抑制浓度,并评估了精油的作用模式。此外,还进行了体内试验,模拟包装车间的消毒过程。通过 GC-MS/MS 对 NEO 进行了表征。结果表明,100 μL-mL-1 的 NEO 具有与氧氯化铜相似的抑制效果,可抑制 89.68 ± 1.14% 的真菌菌丝生长。荧光显微镜实验表明,NEO 通过破坏真菌菌丝的细胞质膜发挥作用,导致真菌在接触 NEO 30 分钟内死亡。气相色谱-质谱/质谱分析表明,NEO 中含有大量酚类化合物,它们是对真菌菌丝起作用的主要抗真菌剂。体内试验表明,与阴性对照组相比,100 μL-mL-1 的 NEO 还能减少微生物(CFU mL-1)93.00 ± 3.88%。总之,研究结果表明,NEO 可以有效地作为柑橘包装车间中柑橘疫霉菌的替代消毒剂。我们的研究结果允许未来的研究探索使用 NEO 对其他水果进行消毒,并对抗不同的植物病原体,以扩大其在出口水果卫生方面的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Oral Findings, Salivary Copper, Magnesium, and Leptin in Type II Diabetic Patients in Relation to Oral Candida Species. II 型糖尿病患者的口腔检查结果、唾液铜、镁和瘦素与口腔念珠菌种类的关系。
IF 2.8 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8177437
Mohammed Jasim Mohammed, Abbas S Al-Mizraqchi, Salah M Ibrahim

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to reduced insulin production in the pancreas. It has genetic- and family-related risk factors that cannot be changed, along with modifiable lifestyle factors. The precise genetic causes of type 2 diabetes are still unknown. However, individuals can potentially slow or stop the progression of the condition by making dietary adjustments and increasing physical activity levels. Material and Methods. Forty-five type II diabetic patients in the study included participants between 40 and 60 years old, with a minimum duration of one year, as well as 45 healthy control subjects who were matched in terms of age and sex, and had no underlying systemic diseases. Oral examination is done for the symptoms including burning sensation, candidiasis, and a reduction in the production of saliva. The rate of saliva flow (in milliliters per minute) was measured in samples of saliva that were not stimulated. The salivary trace elements and levels of adipocytokines were evaluated using colorimetric and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (ELISA) testing. The quantification of Candida colony numbers, an enrichment and culture approach, was used to achieve a concentration of 100,000 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). The ShowNovo WG1 halimeter was used to measure volatile sulfur compounds in breath. The salivary glucose oxidase assay was conducted using a colorimetric technique, while the determination of trace elements was also performed using a colorimetric assay method.

Result: The diabetic group exhibited a significant increase in the number of Candida spp colonies due to elevated levels of glucose in the saliva (p > 0.05). However, the variables being examined, such as body mass index (BMI), burning mouth syndrome (BMS), salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary leptin, salivary copper, and salivary magnesium, did not exhibit any significant variations in quantities between the diabetic and healthy groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The data collected in this research aid in the creation of a preventative program for oral fungal infections in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The program utilizes saliva and its constituents.

背景:2 型糖尿病是指人体对胰岛素的作用产生抵抗,导致胰腺分泌的胰岛素减少。2 型糖尿病与遗传和家族相关的风险因素以及可改变的生活方式因素有关,这些因素无法改变。2 型糖尿病的确切遗传原因尚不清楚。不过,个人可以通过调整饮食和增加体育锻炼来减缓或阻止病情的发展。材料与方法研究对象包括 45 名年龄在 40 岁至 60 岁之间、病程至少一年的 II 型糖尿病患者,以及 45 名年龄和性别匹配、无潜在系统性疾病的健康对照对象。口腔检查的症状包括烧灼感、念珠菌病和唾液分泌减少。在未受刺激的唾液样本中测量唾液流速(单位:毫升/分钟)。使用比色法和乙二胺四乙酸(ELISA)检测法对唾液中的微量元素和脂肪细胞因子水平进行了评估。对念珠菌菌落数量的定量采用了富集和培养的方法,以达到每毫升 10 万个菌落形成单位(CFU/ml)的浓度。使用 ShowNovo WG1 光度计测量呼气中的挥发性硫化合物。唾液葡萄糖氧化酶测定采用比色法,微量元素测定也采用比色法:结果:由于唾液中葡萄糖水平升高,糖尿病组的念珠菌菌落数量明显增加(p>0.05)。然而,身体质量指数(BMI)、口腔灼热综合征(BMS)、唾液流速(SFR)、唾液瘦素、唾液铜和唾液镁等变量在糖尿病组和健康组之间的数量变化并不明显(P > 0.05):本研究收集的数据有助于为 2 型糖尿病患者制定口腔真菌感染预防方案。该计划利用了唾液及其成分。
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引用次数: 0
Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Bloodstream Infection-Suspected Patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study. 埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔大学综合专科医院从疑似血液感染患者身上分离出的细菌抗生素图谱:一项回顾性研究。
IF 2.8 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-08 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7624416
Minichil Worku, Tigist Molla, Desie Kasew, Muluneh Assefa, Alene Geteneh, Melak Aynalem, Mucheye Gizachew, Sirak Biset

Background: Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are the leading cause of sepsis-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is also a growing global concern. As a result, data on bacterial profile and their antibiogram are essential for strategies to contain drug resistance, improve the quality of patient care, and strengthen health systems.

Methods: Retrospective data from bacteriological results of blood samples of BSI-suspected patients from 2018 to 2021 were collected using a data collection sheet. Standard bacteriological techniques were followed during sample collection, culture preparation, bacterial identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). We used Epi Info version 7 to enter and clean the data and then exported it to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Logistic regression models were used to measure the association between variables. A p value <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant.

Result: Of the total 2,795 blood culture records, 455 (16.3%) were culture positive for bacteria, with Klebsiella pneumoniae (26%) and Staphylococcus aureus (24.6%) being the leading isolates. The isolates were highly resistant to common antibiotics, with more than 80% of them being resistant to ceftriaxone and penicillin. Moreover, about 43% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), with Klebsiella pneumoniae (65.5%), Acinetobacter species (56.7%), and Citrobacter species (53.8%) being the most common MDR isolates. Age and diagnosis year were significantly associated with the presence of bacterial BSIs (p value <0.05).

Conclusion: Bacterial BSI and AMR were growing concerns in the study area. Bacteremia was more common in children under the age of five, and it decreased as the patient's age increased. The alarming rate of AMR, such as MDR blood isolates, calls for periodic and continuous monitoring of antibiotic usage in the study area.

背景:细菌性血流感染(BSI)是全球败血症相关发病率和死亡率的主要原因。细菌中抗菌药耐药性(AMR)的出现和传播也是全球日益关注的问题。因此,细菌概况及其抗生素图谱的数据对于遏制耐药性、提高患者护理质量和加强卫生系统的战略至关重要:使用数据收集表收集 2018 年至 2021 年疑似 BSI 患者血样细菌学结果的回顾性数据。在样本采集、培养制备、细菌鉴定和抗生素药敏试验(AST)过程中遵循了标准细菌学技术。我们使用 Epi Info 7 版输入和清理数据,然后导出到 SPSS 26 版进行分析。逻辑回归模型用于测量变量之间的关联。P 值 结果在总共 2,795 份血液培养记录中,有 455 份(16.3%)细菌培养呈阳性,其中肺炎克雷伯菌(26%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(24.6%)是主要的分离菌。这些分离菌株对普通抗生素有很强的抗药性,其中 80% 以上对头孢曲松和青霉素有抗药性。此外,约 43% 的分离株具有多重耐药性(MDR),其中肺炎克雷伯菌(65.5%)、醋杆菌(56.7%)和柠檬酸杆菌(53.8%)是最常见的多重耐药性分离株。年龄和诊断年份与细菌 BSIs 的出现有明显的相关性(P 值 结论):细菌性 BSI 和 AMR 在研究地区日益受到关注。菌血症在五岁以下儿童中更为常见,随着患者年龄的增长,菌血症的发生率有所下降。AMR(如血液中的多重耐药菌)的发生率令人担忧,因此需要对研究地区的抗生素使用情况进行定期、持续的监测。
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引用次数: 0
Interesting Cytokine Profile Caused by Clinical Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR Carrying the exoU Gene. 携带 exoU 基因的铜绿假单胞菌 MDR 临床菌株引起的有趣细胞因子谱。
IF 2.8 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2748842
Nallely S Badillo-Larios, Edgar Alejandro Turrubiartes-Martínez, Esther Layseca-Espinosa, Roberto González-Amaro, Luis Fernando Pérez-González, Perla Niño-Moreno

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in HAIs with two facets: the most studied is the high rate of antimicrobial resistance, and the less explored is the long list of virulence factors it possesses. This study aimed to characterize the virulence genes carried by strains as well as the profile of cytokines related to inflammation, according to the resistance profile presented. This study aims to identify the virulence factors associated with MDR strains, particularly those resistant to carbapenems, and assess whether there is a cytokine profile that correlates with these characteristics. As methodology species were identified by classical microbiological techniques and confirmed by molecular biology, resistance levels were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration and identification of MDR strains. Virulence factor genotyping was performed using PCR. In addition, biofilm production was assessed using crystal violet staining. Finally, the strains were cocultured with PBMC, and cell survival and the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, and TNF-α were quantified using flow cytometry. Bacteremia and nosocomial pneumonia in adults are the most frequent types of infection. In the toxigenic aspect, genes corresponding to the type III secretion system were present in at least 50% of cases. In addition, PBMC exposed to strains of four different categories according to their resistance and toxicity showed a differential pattern of cytokine expression, a decrease in IL-10, IL-6, and IL-8, and an over-secretion of IL-1b. In conclusion, the virulence genes showed a differentiated appearance for the two most aggressive exotoxins of T3SS (exoU and exoS) in multidrug-resistant strains. Moreover, the cytokine profile displays a low expression of cytokines with anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects in strains carrying the exoU gene.

铜绿假单胞菌是造成人类感染性疾病的机会性病原体,它有两个方面:研究最多的是它对抗菌素的高耐药率,而探索较少的是它所拥有的一长串毒力因子。本研究的目的是根据耐药性特征,确定菌株携带的毒力基因以及与炎症有关的细胞因子的特征。本研究旨在确定与MDR菌株(尤其是对碳青霉烯类耐药的菌株)相关的毒力因子,并评估是否存在与这些特征相关的细胞因子谱。由于方法学物种是通过经典微生物学技术鉴定并经分子生物学证实的,因此耐药性水平是通过最低抑菌浓度和 MDR 菌株的鉴定来确定的。病毒因子基因分型是通过 PCR 技术进行的。此外,还利用水晶紫染色法评估了生物膜的生成情况。最后,将菌株与 PBMC 进行共培养,使用流式细胞术对细胞存活率和细胞因子 IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、IL-8 和 TNF-α 进行量化。成人菌血症和非典型肺炎是最常见的感染类型。在致毒方面,至少有 50%的病例存在与 III 型分泌系统相对应的基因。此外,根据抵抗力和毒性的不同,暴露于四类不同菌株的白细胞介素显示出不同的细胞因子表达模式,IL-10、IL-6 和 IL-8 减少,IL-1b 分泌过多。总之,在多重耐药菌株中,T3SS 的两种最具侵袭性的外毒素(exoU 和 exoS)的毒力基因表现出差异。此外,细胞因子谱显示,在携带 exoU 基因的菌株中,具有抗炎和促炎作用的细胞因子表达量较低。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Pathogenicity Test, Antifungal Activity, and Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus spp. from Lake Bogoria as Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Phaseolus vulgaris L. 研究博戈里亚湖中芽孢杆菌属的致病性试验、抗真菌活性和次生代谢物对普通相思豆根瘤菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn L.)的生物防治作用
IF 2.8 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6620490
Tofick Barasa Wekesa, Vitalis Wafula Wekesa, Justus Mong'are Onguso, Ndinda Kavesu, Patrick Wafula Okanya

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a yearly herbaceous plant grown for its edible dry seeds. Despite that, pests and diseases have contributed to the decline of common bean production in Kenya. Therefore, the study aimed to identify bacteria from Lake Bogoria, assess the pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, screen for effective antifungal agents, and determine secondary metabolites for the biocontrol of R. solani. A total of 49 bacteria were isolated, of which 10 isolates had varied mycelial inhibition rates of R. solani in the co-culture technique. The efficacy of volatile compounds of the three selected bacterial strains had varied mycelial growth and percent reduction against R. solani. The pathogenicity assay showed varied plant parameters and biomass of R. solani on common bean plantlets. The molecular characterization based on 16 S ribosomal RNA confirmed the selected bacterial strains' identity with a diversity similar to the Bacillus genus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of secondary metabolites showed different antimicrobial compounds produced by Bacillus subtilis strain TW21. In conclusion, Lake Bogoria harbors useful microbes as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. The current study discovers the potential biocontrol bacteria isolates from Lake Bogoria as alternative bioagents against R. solani. Therefore, the isolate Bacillus subtilis strain TW21 can be assessed further for toxicological and ecotoxicological studies and registered by the Pest Control Products Board (PCPB), Kenya, as a biocontrol product against common diseases affecting common beans' production.

蚕豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)是一种一年生草本植物,因其可食用的干种子而被种植。尽管如此,病虫害还是导致肯尼亚蚕豆产量下降。因此,本研究旨在鉴定博戈里亚湖中的细菌,评估 Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 的致病性,筛选有效的抗真菌剂,并确定用于 R. solani 生物防治的次生代谢物。共分离出 49 种细菌,其中 10 种细菌在共培养技术中对 R. solani 的菌丝抑制率各不相同。所选的三种细菌菌株的挥发性化合物对 R. solani 的菌丝生长和抑制率的功效各不相同。致病性测定显示,R. solani 在蚕豆小苗上的植物参数和生物量各不相同。基于 16 S 核糖体 RNA 的分子鉴定证实了所选细菌菌株的身份,其多样性与芽孢杆菌属相似。次生代谢物的气相色谱-质谱分析表明,枯草芽孢杆菌 TW21 菌株产生了不同的抗菌化合物。总之,博戈里亚湖蕴藏着可作为生物控制剂对抗植物病原体的有益微生物。目前的研究发现了从博格利亚湖中分离出的潜在生物防治细菌,可作为对抗 R. solani 的替代生物制剂。因此,可以对分离的枯草芽孢杆菌 TW21 菌株进行进一步的毒理学和生态毒理学研究评估,并在肯尼亚害虫控制产品委员会(PCPB)注册,作为生物防治产品,防治影响普通豆类生产的常见病。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency of Fecal Carriage of ESBL Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Cancer Patients at Laquintinie Hospital, Douala, Littoral Region, Cameroon. 喀麦隆滨海地区杜阿拉拉金蒂尼医院癌症患者耐多药铜绿假单胞菌粪便携带 ESBL 耐药基因的频率。
IF 2.8 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7685878
Michael F Kengne, Armelle T Mbaveng, Ousenu Karimo, Ballue S T Dadjo, Ornella D Tsobeng, Wiliane J T Marbou, Victor Kuete

Background. Opportunistic infections are the second cause of death among cancer patients. This study aimed at determining the antimicrobial profile and the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-gene carriage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among cancer patients at the Douala Laquintinie Hospital, Littoral Region of Cameroon. Between October 2021 and March 2023, 507 study participants were recruited among whom 307 (60.55%) were cancer patients, compared to 200 (39.45%) noncancer patients. Fifty-eight P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from fecal samples of forty-five cancer patients and thirteen noncancer patients using Cetrimide agar. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes among P. aeruginosa isolates. P. aeruginosa showed significant resistance rates in cancer patients compared to noncancer patients to imipenem, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cancer patients than in noncancer patients. The frequency of beta-lactamase genes in the 58 ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates was determined as 72.41% for bla TEM, 37.93% for bla OXA, 74.14% for blaCTX-M, and 44.83% for bla SHV genes. The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa with a high rate of MDR among cancer patients. It indicates that regular monitoring and surveillance of ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa among cancer patients are needed to improve the management of patients.

背景:机会性感染是癌症患者的第二大死因。机会性感染是癌症患者的第二大死因。本研究旨在确定喀麦隆滨海地区杜阿拉拉金蒂尼医院癌症患者中铜绿假单胞菌分离株的抗菌谱和广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)基因携带率。在2021年10月至2023年3月期间,共招募了507名研究参与者,其中307人(60.55%)为癌症患者,200人(39.45%)为非癌症患者。使用西曲肽琼脂从 45 名癌症患者和 13 名非癌症患者的粪便样本中分离出了 58 株铜绿假单胞菌。采用柯比鲍尔盘扩散法测定了分离株的抗菌药耐药性。聚合酶链反应用于检测铜绿假单胞菌分离株中是否存在广谱β-内酰胺酶基因。与非癌症患者相比,癌症患者中的铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、头孢他啶、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、替卡西林-克拉维酸和环丙沙星的耐药率明显高于非癌症患者。癌症患者的耐多药(MDR)率明显高于非癌症患者(P < 0.05)。在 58 株产 ESBL 的铜绿假单胞菌中,beta-内酰胺酶基因的频率分别为:bla TEM 72.41%、bla OXA 37.93%、blaCTX-M 74.14%、bla SHV 44.83%。该研究揭示了癌症患者粪便中产ESBL铜绿假单胞菌的高流行率和高MDR率。这表明需要对癌症患者中产ESBL铜绿假单胞菌进行定期监测和监控,以改善对患者的管理。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Lactobacillus spp. as Probiotic and Antidiabetic Potential Isolated from Boza, Traditional Fermented Beverage in Turkey. 从土耳其传统发酵饮料 Boza 中分离出的具有益生菌和抗糖尿病潜力的乳酸杆菌的特性。
IF 2.8 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2148676
Chandana Kumari V B, Sujay Huligere, Jayanthi M K, Khang Wen Goh, Sudhanva M Desai, Kalabharthi H L, Ramith Ramu

Boza, a cereal-based beverage popular in southeast Europe, is fortified with probiotics and is believed to positively impact the composition of the gut microflora. This investigation focused on fermented cereal-based beverage boza to identify strains of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. capable of inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes α-glucosidase (AG) and α-amylase (AA). The isolated bacterial strains underwent a comprehensive assessment, including biochemical, molecular, and probiotic trait analyses such as tolerance survivability, adhesion, safety, and health-promoting attributes. We evaluated the inhibitory potential of the supernatant, cell lysate, and intact cells of Lactobacillus spp. Molecular analysis has revealed that isolates RAMULAB30 and RAMULAB29 exhibit a significant genetic similarity (>97%) to Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Limosilactobacillus fermentum, respectively. These findings are documented in the NCBI database. They exhibited significant resistance to gastrointestinal and intestinal fluids, also indicating their potential for adhesion. Additionally, the isolates showed a significant antibacterial activity, particularly against Micrococcus luteus. They showed resistance to vancomycin and methicillin antibiotics but were more susceptible to streptomycin and ampicillin. Furthermore, the strains demonstrated antioxidant properties. To ensure their safety, a haemolytic assay was conducted despite their general recognition as safe (GRAS) status. The study primarily aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the extract on enzymes AG and AA. Bacterial isolates demonstrated a significant inhibitory activity against both enzyme AG (32%-67% inhibition) and enzyme AA (18%-46% inhibition) in different forms, including supernatant (CS), lysed extract (CE), and intact cell (IC). These findings underscore the potential of bacterial isolates to inhibit the enzyme activity effectively. Furthermore, the L. fermentum RAMULAB29 and L. paracasei RAMULAB30 strains exhibit remarkable antidiabetic potential. Food products incorporating these strains have promising prospects as nutraceuticals, providing improved health benefits.

boza是一种流行于欧洲东南部的谷物饮料,添加了益生菌,被认为能对肠道微生物菌群的组成产生积极影响。这项调查的重点是发酵谷物饮料 Boza,目的是找出能够抑制碳水化合物水解酶 α-葡萄糖苷酶(AG)和 α-淀粉酶(AA)的益生菌乳酸杆菌菌株。对分离出的细菌菌株进行了全面评估,包括生化、分子和益生菌性状分析,如耐受存活性、粘附性、安全性和促进健康的属性。分子分析表明,分离物 RAMULAB30 和 RAMULAB29 分别与副酸乳杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei)和发酵乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)具有显著的遗传相似性(>97%)。NCBI 数据库记录了这些发现。它们对胃肠液和肠液具有明显的抵抗力,这也表明它们具有粘附潜力。此外,这些分离物还表现出了显著的抗菌活性,尤其是对黄体微球菌的抗菌活性。它们对万古霉素和甲氧西林抗生素表现出耐药性,但对链霉素和氨苄西林更敏感。此外,这些菌株还具有抗氧化特性。为了确保它们的安全性,尽管它们被普遍认为是安全的(GRAS),但还是进行了溶血试验。研究的主要目的是评估提取物对 AG 和 AA 酶的抑制作用。细菌分离物以不同形式(包括上清液(CS)、裂解提取物(CE)和完整细胞(IC))对酶 AG(抑制率为 32%-67%)和酶 AA(抑制率为 18%-46%)均表现出明显的抑制活性。这些发现强调了细菌分离物有效抑制酶活性的潜力。此外,L. fermentum RAMULAB29 和 L. paracasei RAMULAB30 菌株表现出显著的抗糖尿病潜力。含有这些菌株的食品作为营养保健品具有广阔的前景,可改善健康状况。
{"title":"Characterization of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. as Probiotic and Antidiabetic Potential Isolated from Boza, Traditional Fermented Beverage in Turkey.","authors":"Chandana Kumari V B, Sujay Huligere, Jayanthi M K, Khang Wen Goh, Sudhanva M Desai, Kalabharthi H L, Ramith Ramu","doi":"10.1155/2024/2148676","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2148676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Boza, a cereal-based beverage popular in southeast Europe, is fortified with probiotics and is believed to positively impact the composition of the gut microflora. This investigation focused on fermented cereal-based beverage boza to identify strains of probiotic <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. capable of inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes <i>α</i>-glucosidase (AG) and <i>α</i>-amylase (AA). The isolated bacterial strains underwent a comprehensive assessment, including biochemical, molecular, and probiotic trait analyses such as tolerance survivability, adhesion, safety, and health-promoting attributes. We evaluated the inhibitory potential of the supernatant, cell lysate, and intact cells of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. Molecular analysis has revealed that isolates RAMULAB30 and RAMULAB29 exhibit a significant genetic similarity (>97%) to <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> and <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i>, respectively. These findings are documented in the NCBI database. They exhibited significant resistance to gastrointestinal and intestinal fluids, also indicating their potential for adhesion. Additionally, the isolates showed a significant antibacterial activity, particularly against <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>. They showed resistance to vancomycin and methicillin antibiotics but were more susceptible to streptomycin and ampicillin. Furthermore, the strains demonstrated antioxidant properties. To ensure their safety, a haemolytic assay was conducted despite their general recognition as safe (GRAS) status. The study primarily aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the extract on enzymes AG and AA. Bacterial isolates demonstrated a significant inhibitory activity against both enzyme AG (32%-67% inhibition) and enzyme AA (18%-46% inhibition) in different forms, including supernatant (CS), lysed extract (CE), and intact cell (IC). These findings underscore the potential of bacterial isolates to inhibit the enzyme activity effectively. Furthermore, the <i>L. fermentum</i> RAMULAB29 and <i>L. paracasei</i> RAMULAB30 strains exhibit remarkable antidiabetic potential. Food products incorporating these strains have promising prospects as nutraceuticals, providing improved health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2148676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review on Desirable Microbial Phytases as a Poultry Feed Additive: Their Sources, Production, Enzymatic Evaluation, Market Size, and Regulation. 作为家禽饲料添加剂的理想微生物植酸酶综述:其来源、生产、酶评价、市场规模和监管。
IF 2.8 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-07 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9400374
Olyad Erba Urgessa, Rufael Koyamo, Hunduma Dinka, Ketema Tefese, Mesfin Tafesse Gemeda

Poultry's digestive tract lacks hydrolytic phytase enzymes, which results in chelation of dietary minerals, vital amino acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, phytate-phosphate unavailability, and contamination of the environment due to phosphorus. Therefore, it is necessary to use exogenous microbial phytases as feed additive to chicken feed to catalyze the hydrolysis of dietary phytate. Potential sources of microbial isolates that produce desired phytases for chicken feed supplementation have been isolated from agricultural croplands. It is achievable to isolate phytase-producing bacteria isolates using both broth and agar phytase screening media. Potential substrates for submerged fermentation (SmF) for bacterial phytase production and solid-state fermentation (SSF) for fungal phytase production include rice and wheat bran. Following fermentation, saturated ammonium sulphate precipitation is typically used to partially purify microbial culture filtrate. The precipitate is then desalted. Measurements of the pH optimum and stability, temperature optimum and stability, metal ions stability, specificity and affinity to target substrate, proteolysis resistance, storage stability, and in vitro feed dephosphorylation are used to perform an enzymatic evaluation of phytase as an additive for poultry feed. The growth of the feed phytase market is primarily due to the expansion of chicken farms to meet the demand for meat and eggs from humans. The Food and Drug Administration in the USA and the European Food and Safety Authority are primarily in charge of putting rules pertaining to feed phytase use in chicken feed into effect. Conclusively, important components of the production of phytase additives for poultry feed include identifying a reliable source for potential microbe isolation, selecting an economical method of phytase production, thoroughly characterizing the biochemical properties of phytase, and comprehending the size and regulation of the current feed phytase market.

家禽的消化道缺乏水解植酸酶,导致日粮中的矿物质、重要氨基酸、蛋白质和碳水化合物被螯合,植酸磷酸盐无法利用,磷污染环境。因此,有必要使用外源微生物植酸酶作为鸡饲料添加剂,以催化日粮植酸的水解。目前已从农田中分离出能产生所需植酸酶的微生物分离物作为鸡饲料添加剂的潜在来源。使用肉汤和琼脂植酸酶筛选培养基可以分离出产生植酸酶的细菌分离物。细菌生产植酸酶的浸没发酵(SmF)和真菌生产植酸酶的固态发酵(SSF)的潜在底物包括米糠和麦麸。发酵后,通常采用饱和硫酸铵沉淀法对微生物培养滤液进行部分净化。然后对沉淀物进行脱盐。通过测量植酸酶的 pH 值最佳值和稳定性、温度最佳值和稳定性、金属离子稳定性、对目标底物的特异性和亲和性、抗蛋白水解性、储存稳定性和体外饲料脱磷酸性,对植酸酶作为家禽饲料添加剂进行酶学评估。饲料植酸酶市场的增长主要是由于养鸡场的扩大,以满足人类对肉类和蛋类的需求。美国食品药品管理局和欧洲食品安全局主要负责实施有关在鸡饲料中使用饲料植酸酶的规定。总之,生产用于家禽饲料的植酸酶添加剂的重要环节包括确定潜在微生物分离的可靠来源、选择经济的植酸酶生产方法、彻底鉴定植酸酶的生化特性以及了解当前饲料植酸酶市场的规模和监管情况。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Phytochemical Compositions, Antioxidant Activity, and Nutritional Potentials of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms. 探索食用和药用蘑菇的植物化学成分、抗氧化活性和营养潜力。
IF 3.4 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6660423
Mohammed Al Qutaibi, Suresh R Kagne

Mushrooms are a valuable source of food and medicine that have been used for centuries in various cultures. They contain a variety of phytochemicals, such as terpenoids and polysaccharides, that exhibit diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antidiabetic effects. However, mushroom's phytochemical composition and bioactivity vary depending on their species, cultivation conditions, processing methods, and extraction techniques. Therefore, using reliable analytical methods and standardized protocols is important for systematically evaluating the quality and quantity of mushroom phytochemicals and their therapeutic potential. This review provides a bibliometric analysis of the recent literature on biological activities, highlights trends in the field, and highlights the countries and journals with the highest contribution. It also discusses the nutritional value of the total content of phenolic and other phytochemicals in some species of mushrooms.

蘑菇是一种宝贵的食物和药物来源,在各种文化中已使用了几个世纪。它们含有多种植物化学物质,如萜类化合物和多糖,具有多种生物活性,如抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗菌、免疫调节和抗糖尿病作用。然而,蘑菇的植物化学成分和生物活性因种类、栽培条件、加工方法和提取技术的不同而各异。因此,使用可靠的分析方法和标准化方案对于系统评估蘑菇植物化学物质的质量和数量及其治疗潜力非常重要。本综述对近期有关生物活性的文献进行了文献计量分析,突出了该领域的发展趋势,并重点介绍了贡献最大的国家和期刊。它还讨论了某些种类蘑菇中酚类和其他植物化学物质总含量的营养价值。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Colistin: Extended Application of Novel Quantitative and Morphologic Assay Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. 可乐定的抗菌药敏感性测试:利用扫描电子显微镜扩展应用新型定量和形态测定法。
IF 3.4 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8917136
Omar Zmerli, Sara Bellali, Gabriel Haddad, Rim Iwaza, Akiko Hisada, Erino Matsumoto, Yusuke Ominami, Didier Raoult, Jacques Bou Khalil

Background: Colistin (Polymyxin E) has reemerged in the treatment of MDR Gram-negative infections. Traditional Colistin AST methods have long turnaround times and are cumbersome for routine use. We present a SEM-AST technique enabling rapid detection of Colistin resistance through direct observation of morphological and quantitative changes in bacteria exposed to Colistin.

Methods: Forty-four Gram-negative reference organisms were chosen based on their Colistin susceptibility profiles. Bacterial suspensions of ∼107 CFU/mL were exposed to Colistin at EUCAST-ECOFF, with controls not exposed, incubated at 37°C, and then sampled at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Phosphotungstic Acid (PTA) staining was applied, followed by SEM imaging using Hitachi TM4000PlusII-Tabletop-SEM at ×2000, ×5000 and ×7000 magnifications. Bacterial viability analysis was performed for all conditions by quantifying viable and dead organisms based on PTA-staining and morphologic changes.

Results: We identified a significant drop in the percentage of viable organisms starting 30 minutes after exposure in susceptible strains, as compared to nonsignificant changes in resistant strains across all tested organisms. The killing effect of Colistin was best observed after 120 minutes of incubation with the antibiotic, with significant changes in morphologic features, including bacterial inflation, fusion, and lysis, observed as early as 30 minutes. Our observation matched the results of the gold standard-based broth microdilution method.

Conclusions: We provide an extended application of the proof of concept for the utilization of the SEM-AST assay for Colistin for a number of clinically relevant bacterial species, providing a rapid and reliable susceptibility profile for a critical antibiotic.

背景:秋水仙素(多粘菌素 E)再次成为治疗耐药革兰氏阴性菌感染的药物。传统的秋水仙素 AST 方法周期长、操作繁琐,不适合常规使用。我们提出了一种 SEM-AST 技术,可通过直接观察暴露于可乐定的细菌的形态学和定量变化来快速检测可乐定耐药性:方法:根据对可乐定的敏感性特征选择了 44 种革兰氏阴性参考菌。在 EUCAST-ECOFF 条件下,将 107 CFU/mL 的细菌悬浮液暴露于可乐定,对照组不暴露,在 37°C 下培养,然后在 0、15、30、60 和 120 分钟时取样。采用磷钨酸(PTA)染色,然后使用日立 TM4000PlusII 台式扫描电子显微镜进行扫描电镜成像,放大倍数为 ×2000、×5000 和 ×7000。根据 PTA 染色和形态变化对所有条件下的存活和死亡生物进行量化,从而进行细菌存活率分析:结果:在所有测试菌株中,我们发现易感菌株的存活率在暴露 30 分钟后开始明显下降,而耐药菌株则无明显变化。可乐定的杀灭效果在与抗生素培养 120 分钟后观察到,而形态特征的显著变化,包括细菌膨胀、融合和溶解,早在 30 分钟后就可观察到。我们的观察结果与基于金标准的肉汤微稀释法的结果一致:我们对利用 SEM-AST 检测法检测临床相关细菌种类的概念进行了扩展应用验证,为一种重要抗生素提供了快速可靠的药敏谱。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Microbiology
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