Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026920
Smita Tripathi, H. Mishra
Aflatoxin free powdered red pepper (100 g) was spiked with 100 ppb of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in methanol and was subjected to various physical (UV irradiation, heating, microwave); chemical (oxidation, bleaching, ammoniation, sulphitation) and biological (enzymatic) treatments. The residual AFB1 was quantified by standard methods to find the efficiency of different treatments in degrading AFB1. Amongst the selected physical methods, direct oven heating at 120°C for 12 hours produced maximum (83.32%) AFB1 degradation and UV exposure for 60 min produced 59.62% AFB1 degradation. The chemical treatments had no significant effect on AFB1 degradation in chilli powder with maximum % degradation (58.32) found only by oxidation with H2O2. The biological detoxification of 66.2% was achieved by treating spiked chilli powder with 12 IU of partially purified peroxidase (POD) isolated from garlic having specific activity of 246 mg−1 protein for 26 hours. The physical methods were more efficient over other methods in degrading AFB1, but producedsignificant nutritional losses (p ≤ 0.05). The ascorbic acid and carotenoids were most sensitive quality attribute affected by the treatments. The enzymatic treatment produced minimal quality changes in the treated sample.
{"title":"Studies on the efficacy of physical, chemical and biological aflatoxin B1 detoxification approaches in red chilli powder","authors":"Smita Tripathi, H. Mishra","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026920","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxin free powdered red pepper (100 g) was spiked with 100 ppb of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in methanol and was subjected to various physical (UV irradiation, heating, microwave); chemical (oxidation, bleaching, ammoniation, sulphitation) and biological (enzymatic) treatments. The residual AFB1 was quantified by standard methods to find the efficiency of different treatments in degrading AFB1. Amongst the selected physical methods, direct oven heating at 120°C for 12 hours produced maximum (83.32%) AFB1 degradation and UV exposure for 60 min produced 59.62% AFB1 degradation. The chemical treatments had no significant effect on AFB1 degradation in chilli powder with maximum % degradation (58.32) found only by oxidation with H2O2. The biological detoxification of 66.2% was achieved by treating spiked chilli powder with 12 IU of partially purified peroxidase (POD) isolated from garlic having specific activity of 246 mg−1 protein for 26 hours. The physical methods were more efficient over other methods in degrading AFB1, but producedsignificant nutritional losses (p ≤ 0.05). The ascorbic acid and carotenoids were most sensitive quality attribute affected by the treatments. The enzymatic treatment produced minimal quality changes in the treated sample.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83975849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026916
R. Handa, Faiz Ahamad, K. Kesari, R. Prasad
Study was carried out on 150 school going children to study the relationship between iron deficiency anaemia and cognitive function. Children's were grouped into moderate anaemic, mild anaemic and non-anaemic. Haemoglobin levels were estimated by cyanmethaemoglobin method. Results indicate that 53.33% were mild anaemic, 12% moderate anaemic and 34.67% non-anaemic. Results significantly (p < 0.05) indicates that moderate anaemic children performed poor on attention, design fluency, verbal working memory N-back 2, visual working memory N-back 2, planning, dictation, mathematical calculations, intelligence, immediate verbal learning and visual and verbal memory. Moreover, mild anaemic children performed significantly poor (p < 0.05) in attention, visual working memory N-back 2, dictation, mathematical calculations, intelligence, immediate verbal learning and visual and verbal memory. We concluded that non-anaemic children performed significantly better on cognitive function tests than mild and moderate anaemic. All data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by analysis of variance by using SPSS software.
{"title":"Effect of anaemia on cognitive function in children","authors":"R. Handa, Faiz Ahamad, K. Kesari, R. Prasad","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026916","url":null,"abstract":"Study was carried out on 150 school going children to study the relationship between iron deficiency anaemia and cognitive function. Children's were grouped into moderate anaemic, mild anaemic and non-anaemic. Haemoglobin levels were estimated by cyanmethaemoglobin method. Results indicate that 53.33% were mild anaemic, 12% moderate anaemic and 34.67% non-anaemic. Results significantly (p < 0.05) indicates that moderate anaemic children performed poor on attention, design fluency, verbal working memory N-back 2, visual working memory N-back 2, planning, dictation, mathematical calculations, intelligence, immediate verbal learning and visual and verbal memory. Moreover, mild anaemic children performed significantly poor (p < 0.05) in attention, visual working memory N-back 2, dictation, mathematical calculations, intelligence, immediate verbal learning and visual and verbal memory. We concluded that non-anaemic children performed significantly better on cognitive function tests than mild and moderate anaemic. All data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by analysis of variance by using SPSS software.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"16-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87442693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026915
M. Faber, C. Schwabe, S. Drimie
This article describes dietary diversity in relation to other food security indicators used in a cross-sectional livelihood survey that included 499 randomly selected households within five municipalities in Greater Sekhukhune, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Indicators calculated using data collected by questionnaire included household dietary diversity score (DDS), living standards measure, months of food shortages and household food insecurity and access scale (HFIAS). Households with DDS ≤ 4 (n = 267) and DDS > 4 (n = 232) were compared using analysis of variance and χ²-test. Spearman correlation analysis was done for HFIAS and DDS. Compared to households with a DDS > 4, households with a DDS ≤ 4 had fewer assets, experienced more food shortages and had a higher HFIAS (16.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.0-17.0 vs. 9.8, 95% CI 8.8-10.9). An inverse correlation between HFIAS and dietary diversity (r = −0.450; p < 0.01) was observed. Therefore, dietary diversity is a promising indicator for food security.
{"title":"Dietary diversity in relation to other household food security indicators.","authors":"M. Faber, C. Schwabe, S. Drimie","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026915","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes dietary diversity in relation to other food security indicators used in a cross-sectional livelihood survey that included 499 randomly selected households within five municipalities in Greater Sekhukhune, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Indicators calculated using data collected by questionnaire included household dietary diversity score (DDS), living standards measure, months of food shortages and household food insecurity and access scale (HFIAS). Households with DDS ≤ 4 (n = 267) and DDS > 4 (n = 232) were compared using analysis of variance and χ²-test. Spearman correlation analysis was done for HFIAS and DDS. Compared to households with a DDS > 4, households with a DDS ≤ 4 had fewer assets, experienced more food shortages and had a higher HFIAS (16.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.0-17.0 vs. 9.8, 95% CI 8.8-10.9). An inverse correlation between HFIAS and dietary diversity (r = −0.450; p < 0.01) was observed. Therefore, dietary diversity is a promising indicator for food security.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82589143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026921
N. Sulaiman, Aisha Hamdan, Dhafir Abdul-Latif Mahmood Al-Bedri, D. Young
This study explored the knowledge of and attitudes towards diabetes, diabetes prevention and management, and health promotion of patients attending medical centres in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Forty-one patients participated in an in depth interview. Common themes were drawn upon and reported. The understanding of the causation of diabetes varied, including genetics, stress and lifestyle. Most participants linked diabetes to lifestyle factors such as diet, lack of physical activity and obesity. These were, in turn, specifically linked to environmental aspects as well as the cultural framework. Cultural and contextual factors may hinder the implementation of behaviour change. With the understanding of these constraints, the necessity of developing creative strategies becomes evident. Suggestions are provided to enhance diabetes education, prevention and health promotion building upon the strengths within this unique cultural context.
{"title":"Diabetes knowledge and attitudes towards prevention and health promotion: qualitative study in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","authors":"N. Sulaiman, Aisha Hamdan, Dhafir Abdul-Latif Mahmood Al-Bedri, D. Young","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026921","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the knowledge of and attitudes towards diabetes, diabetes prevention and management, and health promotion of patients attending medical centres in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Forty-one patients participated in an in depth interview. Common themes were drawn upon and reported. The understanding of the causation of diabetes varied, including genetics, stress and lifestyle. Most participants linked diabetes to lifestyle factors such as diet, lack of physical activity and obesity. These were, in turn, specifically linked to environmental aspects as well as the cultural framework. Cultural and contextual factors may hinder the implementation of behaviour change. With the understanding of these constraints, the necessity of developing creative strategies becomes evident. Suggestions are provided to enhance diabetes education, prevention and health promotion building upon the strengths within this unique cultural context.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"78-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79108166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026917
Huanan Liu, J. Hobbs, W. Kerr
The rapid pace of both economic growth and transition from a command to market economy has required a major restructuring of food safety institutions in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The institutional transformation has consistently lagged behind the changes demanded by economic transformation. The declining ability to control both information and integration into the global food economy has brought scrutiny of institutional deficiencies and spurred reforms. Incentives to invest in food safety in the private sector and food safety training of workers all along food supply chains and in the inspection service remain the major public health challenges.
{"title":"Straining to catch up: China's food safety regime in disequilibrium","authors":"Huanan Liu, J. Hobbs, W. Kerr","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2009.026917","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid pace of both economic growth and transition from a command to market economy has required a major restructuring of food safety institutions in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The institutional transformation has consistently lagged behind the changes demanded by economic transformation. The declining ability to control both information and integration into the global food economy has brought scrutiny of institutional deficiencies and spurred reforms. Incentives to invest in food safety in the private sector and food safety training of workers all along food supply chains and in the inspection service remain the major public health challenges.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"30-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76315065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-20DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018855
B. Mane, V. Tanwar, P. Girish, A. Sonawane, D. Sharma
The present study was designed to investigate the efficiency of random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique in differentiating meat species viz cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and chicken. Different random primers were screened with DNA extracted from meat samples of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and chicken. Characteristic species-specific bands of (1,661 and 1,268 bp) in buffalo and (1,201 and 407 bp) in pig were obtained by amplification of primer B13. These bands were not present in any of the other meat species used in present investigation. The buffalo and pig meat was clearly differentiated from other meat species by these species-specific bands. The results show RAPD-PCR to be reliable, specific and sensitive method for differentiating meat species that may be of great value for monitoring meat substitution/adulteration by food regulatory agencies/authorities.
{"title":"Differentiation of meat species by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction technique","authors":"B. Mane, V. Tanwar, P. Girish, A. Sonawane, D. Sharma","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018855","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to investigate the efficiency of random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique in differentiating meat species viz cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and chicken. Different random primers were screened with DNA extracted from meat samples of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and chicken. Characteristic species-specific bands of (1,661 and 1,268 bp) in buffalo and (1,201 and 407 bp) in pig were obtained by amplification of primer B13. These bands were not present in any of the other meat species used in present investigation. The buffalo and pig meat was clearly differentiated from other meat species by these species-specific bands. The results show RAPD-PCR to be reliable, specific and sensitive method for differentiating meat species that may be of great value for monitoring meat substitution/adulteration by food regulatory agencies/authorities.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"87 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83475067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-20DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018852
Jonathan E. Brown, M. F. Kelly
Δ6-desaturase is a membrane bound enzyme located in a pivotal position within the Essential Fatty Acid metabolic pathway. Changes in the activity of Δ6-desaturase affect the cellular provision of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and therefore factors that influence this enzyme are considered relevant to disease processes. This study investigated the effects of social isolation stress and cholesterol supplementation in a rodent model using two methods to estimate Δ6-desaturase activity, namely, a direct method measuring liver microsomal Δ6-desaturase activity and an indirect method measuring product?precursor ratio from tissue fatty acid compositions. Liver Δ6-desaturase activity was significantly decreased by isolation (-14%) and increased by cholesterol feeding (+9%). Liver microsomal phospholipid fatty acid composition and the associated product?precursor ratios for Δ6-desaturase did not relate to the changes observed in Δ6 desaturase activity. These results indicate that tissue fatty acid compositions should be viewed with caution in terms of their appropriateness as a surrogate for measuring Δ6-desaturase activity.
{"title":"Influence of dietary cholesterol and stress on the metabolism of linoleic acid: Δ6-desaturase activity vs. product/precursor ratios","authors":"Jonathan E. Brown, M. F. Kelly","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018852","url":null,"abstract":"Δ6-desaturase is a membrane bound enzyme located in a pivotal position within the Essential Fatty Acid metabolic pathway. Changes in the activity of Δ6-desaturase affect the cellular provision of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and therefore factors that influence this enzyme are considered relevant to disease processes. This study investigated the effects of social isolation stress and cholesterol supplementation in a rodent model using two methods to estimate Δ6-desaturase activity, namely, a direct method measuring liver microsomal Δ6-desaturase activity and an indirect method measuring product?precursor ratio from tissue fatty acid compositions. Liver Δ6-desaturase activity was significantly decreased by isolation (-14%) and increased by cholesterol feeding (+9%). Liver microsomal phospholipid fatty acid composition and the associated product?precursor ratios for Δ6-desaturase did not relate to the changes observed in Δ6 desaturase activity. These results indicate that tissue fatty acid compositions should be viewed with caution in terms of their appropriateness as a surrogate for measuring Δ6-desaturase activity.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"16 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79244300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-20DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018853
I. Tewfik
The prevalence and severity of people suffering from obesity has increased markedly worldwide. The WHO declared obesity a 'crisis of epidemic proportion'. This article outlines a conceptual framework for an intervention programme over three year period that can be easily adapted to prevent childhood obesity. The presented approach is based on behaviour modification model without giving foods. Family, school and children are essential counterparts to achieve meaningful improvement. Advocated by policies makers and embraced with favourite environmental factors, CHOP programme could be the conceptual framework for nutrition intervention that can be effectively integrated within the national health framework to attain public health goals.
{"title":"Childhood obesity prevention (CHOP) programme: a conceptual framework for nutrition intervention","authors":"I. Tewfik","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018853","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence and severity of people suffering from obesity has increased markedly worldwide. The WHO declared obesity a 'crisis of epidemic proportion'. This article outlines a conceptual framework for an intervention programme over three year period that can be easily adapted to prevent childhood obesity. The presented approach is based on behaviour modification model without giving foods. Family, school and children are essential counterparts to achieve meaningful improvement. Advocated by policies makers and embraced with favourite environmental factors, CHOP programme could be the conceptual framework for nutrition intervention that can be effectively integrated within the national health framework to attain public health goals.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81923964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-20DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018858
M. Musallam, A. Bener, M. Zirie, Yousef K. Al-Gaud, Abdullah A. Al-Hamaq, M. Othman, I. Tewfik
Metabolic Syndrome (MeS) is a cluster of abnormalities including impaired glucose metabolism, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The MeS has not been widely studied among the Arab populations, but the data available suggests that it is an increasingly common problem. Prevalence of MeS and its associated components are not available in Qatar. To estimate the prevalence of MeS and its associated components among the Qatari population and to determine its associated risk factors, a cross-sectional study was carried out among Qatari adults aged 20 years and above. Face to face interviewing using a structured questionnaire followed by laboratory tests were conducted. MeS was defined using the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria as well as the International Diabetes Federation criteria (IDF). The crude prevalence rate of MeS according to ATP III criteria and IDF criteria were 26.4 and 34.0%, respectively. The age-standardised prevalence of the MeS according to ATP III was 27.7% (95% CI 23.3?32.0%), (23.6% among men (95% CI 19.5?27.7%) and 32.6% among women (95% CI 28.0?37.2%)) and according to IDF criteria, the age standardised prevalence was 35.4% (95% CI 30.7?40.0%), 38.7% (95% CI 34.0?43.5%) for women and 35.8% (95% CI 31.2?40.5%) for men. Age, Body Mass Index and HbA1c were significantly associated with MeS after adjustment for a number relevant variables including; gender, marital status, educational level, exercise, smoking, etc. Prevalence of the MeS in Qatar is considerably higher than anticipated. A well-designed health education programmes to increase the awareness of the public as well as healthcare providers are highly recommended. The programme should focus on the risk factors and the health consequences of MeS.
代谢综合征(MeS)是一组包括糖代谢异常、中枢性肥胖、血脂异常和高血压在内的异常。在阿拉伯人口中，MeS尚未得到广泛研究，但现有数据表明，这是一个日益普遍的问题。在卡塔尔，MeS的流行程度及其相关组成部分尚不清楚。为了估计卡塔尔人口中MeS及其相关成分的患病率，并确定其相关风险因素，在20岁及以上的卡塔尔成年人中进行了一项横断面研究。采用结构化问卷进行面对面访谈，随后进行实验室测试。MeS的定义采用成人治疗小组III (ATP III)标准和国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)标准。根据ATP III和IDF标准，MeS的粗患病率分别为26.4%和34.0%。根据ATP III的年龄标准化患病率为27.7% (95% CI 23.3 ~ 32.0%)，男性为23.6% (95% CI 19.5 ~ 27.7%)，女性为32.6% (95% CI 28.0 ~ 37.2%)，根据IDF标准，年龄标准化患病率为35.4% (95% CI 30.7 ~ 40.0%)，女性为38.7% (95% CI 34.0 ~ 43.5%)，男性为35.8% (95% CI 31.2 ~ 40.5%)。年龄、体重指数和HbA1c与MeS有显著相关，这些变量包括:性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、运动情况、吸烟情况等。卡塔尔中小企业的流行率大大高于预期。强烈建议制订精心设计的健康教育方案，以提高公众和保健提供者的认识。该方案应侧重于中小企业的风险因素和健康后果。
{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome and its components among Qatari population","authors":"M. Musallam, A. Bener, M. Zirie, Yousef K. Al-Gaud, Abdullah A. Al-Hamaq, M. Othman, I. Tewfik","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018858","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic Syndrome (MeS) is a cluster of abnormalities including impaired glucose metabolism, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The MeS has not been widely studied among the Arab populations, but the data available suggests that it is an increasingly common problem. Prevalence of MeS and its associated components are not available in Qatar. To estimate the prevalence of MeS and its associated components among the Qatari population and to determine its associated risk factors, a cross-sectional study was carried out among Qatari adults aged 20 years and above. Face to face interviewing using a structured questionnaire followed by laboratory tests were conducted. MeS was defined using the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria as well as the International Diabetes Federation criteria (IDF). The crude prevalence rate of MeS according to ATP III criteria and IDF criteria were 26.4 and 34.0%, respectively. The age-standardised prevalence of the MeS according to ATP III was 27.7% (95% CI 23.3?32.0%), (23.6% among men (95% CI 19.5?27.7%) and 32.6% among women (95% CI 28.0?37.2%)) and according to IDF criteria, the age standardised prevalence was 35.4% (95% CI 30.7?40.0%), 38.7% (95% CI 34.0?43.5%) for women and 35.8% (95% CI 31.2?40.5%) for men. Age, Body Mass Index and HbA1c were significantly associated with MeS after adjustment for a number relevant variables including; gender, marital status, educational level, exercise, smoking, etc. Prevalence of the MeS in Qatar is considerably higher than anticipated. A well-designed health education programmes to increase the awareness of the public as well as healthcare providers are highly recommended. The programme should focus on the risk factors and the health consequences of MeS.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80021458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-20DOI: 10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018857
Pratima Rao, R. Sudershan
The present study was an attempt to assess the risk of selected population to synthetic food colours. Children had high intakes of coloured solid (2?465 g day−1) and liquid foods (25?840 ml day−1). The study showed the predominant consumption of two colours such as tartrazine and sunset yellow mainly from sweetmeats, beverages and fast foods while colours like carmoisine, ponceau 4R and erythrosine were consumed by the intake of confectioneries, jams, jellies showing that the preference of colours is based on the type of foods consumed. The intakes of colours like tartrazine, erythrosine and sunset yellow were high among children due to ingestion of foods containing high concentrations of colours (9.45 and 4.0 mg). The study emphasised the need to evaluate the risk of the population to colours on a long-term basis.
本研究旨在评估特定人群对合成食用色素的风险。儿童摄入了大量的彩色固体(2?465 g d−1)和液体食品(25?840ml天−1)。研究表明，人们主要从甜食、饮料和快餐中摄取酒黄和日落黄等两种颜色，而从糖果、果酱和果冻中摄取焦糖素、ponceau 4R和红细胞红素等颜色，这表明人们对颜色的偏好是基于所食用食物的类型。由于摄入了含有高浓度颜色的食物(9.45毫克和4.0毫克)，儿童对酒黄、红氨酸和日落黄等颜色的摄入量很高。该研究强调有必要在长期的基础上评估人群对颜色的风险。
{"title":"Risk assessment of synthetic food colours: a case study in Hyderabad, India","authors":"Pratima Rao, R. Sudershan","doi":"10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSNPH.2008.018857","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was an attempt to assess the risk of selected population to synthetic food colours. Children had high intakes of coloured solid (2?465 g day−1) and liquid foods (25?840 ml day−1). The study showed the predominant consumption of two colours such as tartrazine and sunset yellow mainly from sweetmeats, beverages and fast foods while colours like carmoisine, ponceau 4R and erythrosine were consumed by the intake of confectioneries, jams, jellies showing that the preference of colours is based on the type of foods consumed. The intakes of colours like tartrazine, erythrosine and sunset yellow were high among children due to ingestion of foods containing high concentrations of colours (9.45 and 4.0 mg). The study emphasised the need to evaluate the risk of the population to colours on a long-term basis.","PeriodicalId":14113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health","volume":"76 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80221613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：