Xueya Chen, Zhiling Yan, Weipeng Liu, Lili Guo, Jinmei Xu, Li Shi, Yufeng Yao
Purpose: Cervical cancer (CC) poses a significant threat to women’s health worldwide, and multiple signaling pathways have been confirmed to be involved in its development. The AMPK signaling pathway plays a central role in maintaining energy homeostasis, and its dysregulation is closely associated with the occurrence of CC. Changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression levels might be related to the AMPK signaling pathway. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can affect the function of miRNA and result in the development of CC. To investigate the association between the SNPs of AMPK pathway-associated miRNAs and CC in a Han Chinese population, we selected eight miRNA genes located in the AMPK pathway and analyzed nine SNP loci within these genes to explore whether they are associated with genetic susceptibility to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC. Methods: A total of 2,220 subjects were included in this study, including 928 healthy controls, 421 CIN patients, and 871 CC patients. Nine candidate SNPs (rs895819 in miR-27a, rs10061133 in miR-449b, rs41291179 in miR-216a, rs76481776 in miR-182, rs10406069 in miR-5196, rs12803915 and rs550894 in miR-612, rs66683138 in miR-3622b, and rs2620381 in miR-627) were genotyped using the TaqMan method. Results: The results showed significant differences in the allele distribution of rs41291179 and rs12803915 between the control group and the CIN group, as well as between the control group and the CC group (all P values < 0.005). The A allele of rs41291179 and the G allele of rs12803915 were associated with decreased risk of CIN (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01– 0.39; OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49– 0.76) and CC (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01– 0.66; OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59– 0.86), respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggest that polymorphisms in miRNA genes of the AMPK signaling pathway are associated with the development of CC.
{"title":"Polymorphisms in miRNA Genes Targeting the AMPK Signaling Pathway are Associated with Cervical Cancer Susceptibility in a Han Chinese Population","authors":"Xueya Chen, Zhiling Yan, Weipeng Liu, Lili Guo, Jinmei Xu, Li Shi, Yufeng Yao","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s473133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s473133","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Cervical cancer (CC) poses a significant threat to women’s health worldwide, and multiple signaling pathways have been confirmed to be involved in its development. The AMPK signaling pathway plays a central role in maintaining energy homeostasis, and its dysregulation is closely associated with the occurrence of CC. Changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression levels might be related to the AMPK signaling pathway. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can affect the function of miRNA and result in the development of CC. To investigate the association between the SNPs of AMPK pathway-associated miRNAs and CC in a Han Chinese population, we selected eight miRNA genes located in the AMPK pathway and analyzed nine SNP loci within these genes to explore whether they are associated with genetic susceptibility to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 2,220 subjects were included in this study, including 928 healthy controls, 421 CIN patients, and 871 CC patients. Nine candidate SNPs (rs895819 in miR-27a, rs10061133 in miR-449b, rs41291179 in miR-216a, rs76481776 in miR-182, rs10406069 in miR-5196, rs12803915 and rs550894 in miR-612, rs66683138 in miR-3622b, and rs2620381 in miR-627) were genotyped using the TaqMan method.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed significant differences in the allele distribution of rs41291179 and rs12803915 between the control group and the CIN group, as well as between the control group and the CC group (all <em>P</em> values < 0.005). The A allele of rs41291179 and the G allele of rs12803915 were associated with decreased risk of CIN (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01– 0.39; OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49– 0.76) and CC (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01– 0.66; OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59– 0.86), respectively.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our results suggest that polymorphisms in miRNA genes of the AMPK signaling pathway are associated with the development of CC.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> genotyping, SNP, gene enrichment, genetic susceptibility<br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paweł Radkowski, Maria Agnieszka Derkaczew, Michał Adam Jacewicz, Dariusz Onichimowski
Abstract: The prevalence of morbid obesity in today’s population around the world is alarming. Morbid obesity involves substantial changes in body composition and function, which can affect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of many drugs. This paper aims to discuss the application of muscle relaxants and their reversing agents in patients with morbid obesity. This work is based both on the available literature and the author’s personal experience. Dosage recommendations for muscle relaxants in morbidly obese patients are as follows: non-depolarizing relaxants like rocuronium, vecuronium, atracurium, and cisatracurium should be based on ideal body weight. Succinylcholine dosage should be adjusted to total body weight with a 200 mg maximum, while mivacurium should also be based on total body weight. Pancuronium is not used due to its long duration. Neostigmine dosing remains uncertain, but some suggest using total body weight. When it comes to Sugammadex opinions of the authors are divided, some indicate that it should be dosed based on ideal body weight, but more recent studies show that it should be based on 40% of corrected body weight.
{"title":"The Dosage of Muscle Relaxants in Morbidly Obese Patients in Daily Practice – A Narrative Review","authors":"Paweł Radkowski, Maria Agnieszka Derkaczew, Michał Adam Jacewicz, Dariusz Onichimowski","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s474221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s474221","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract:</strong> The prevalence of morbid obesity in today’s population around the world is alarming. Morbid obesity involves substantial changes in body composition and function, which can affect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of many drugs. This paper aims to discuss the application of muscle relaxants and their reversing agents in patients with morbid obesity. This work is based both on the available literature and the author’s personal experience. Dosage recommendations for muscle relaxants in morbidly obese patients are as follows: non-depolarizing relaxants like rocuronium, vecuronium, atracurium, and cisatracurium should be based on ideal body weight. Succinylcholine dosage should be adjusted to total body weight with a 200 mg maximum, while mivacurium should also be based on total body weight. Pancuronium is not used due to its long duration. Neostigmine dosing remains uncertain, but some suggest using total body weight. When it comes to Sugammadex opinions of the authors are divided, some indicate that it should be dosed based on ideal body weight, but more recent studies show that it should be based on 40% of corrected body weight.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> muscle relaxants, muscle relaxants reversal agents, succinylcholine, sugammadex, morbid obesity, obese patients<br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guomiao Su, Zifan Xu, Shiyue Liu, Dou Hao, Yanxi Li, Guoqing Pan
Purpose: Semaphorin 5A (SEMA5A) and autophagy-related genes (ARGs) are pivotal in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). However, the potential regulatory role of SEMA5A in autophagy via its associated ARGs and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unresolved. Patients and Methods: GC-related datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GC and control samples. The intersection of DEGs with ARGs produced candidate genes, which were further analyzed using Spearman correlation with SEMA5A to identify signature genes. Stratification of GC samples based on signature gene expression, followed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, identified key genes. Subsequent analyses, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration, and immune checkpoint evaluation, were conducted on the key genes and SEMA5A. The mRNA expression level was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: Ninety candidate genes were identified for Spearman correlation with SEMA5A, revealing TNFSF11, BMP6, ITPR1, and DLC1 with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.3. Survival analysis underscored DLC1 and BMP6 as key genes due to significant prognostic differences. GSEA implicated SEMA5A, BMP6, and DLC1 in the ECM receptor interaction pathway. Immune infiltration analysis indicated a negative correlation of SEMA5A and BMP6 with M1 macrophages, while DLC1 exhibited the strongest association with the immune checkpoint PDCD1LG2 (p < 0.05, cor = 0.43). The mRNA expression level of SEMA5A was significantly upregulated in AGS parental cells compared to GES-1 cells (p < 0.01), whereas DLC1 and BMP6 mRNA levels were markedly downregulated in AGS parental cells relative to GES-1 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: ARGs BMP6 and DLC1, associated with SEMA5A, were identified, and their prognostic significance in GC was demonstrated. Additionally, their regulatory mechanisms were further elucidated through immune infiltration analysis and molecular network construction, providing a theoretical foundation for future research on the molecular mechanisms in patients with GC.
{"title":"Investigation of the Mechanism of SEMA5A and Its Associated Autophagy-Related Genes in Gastric Cancer","authors":"Guomiao Su, Zifan Xu, Shiyue Liu, Dou Hao, Yanxi Li, Guoqing Pan","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s471370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s471370","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Semaphorin 5A (<em>SEMA5A</em>) and autophagy-related genes (ARGs) are pivotal in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). However, the potential regulatory role of <em>SEMA5A</em> in autophagy <em>via</em> its associated ARGs and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unresolved.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> GC-related datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GC and control samples. The intersection of DEGs with ARGs produced candidate genes, which were further analyzed using Spearman correlation with <em>SEMA5A</em> to identify signature genes. Stratification of GC samples based on signature gene expression, followed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, identified key genes. Subsequent analyses, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration, and immune checkpoint evaluation, were conducted on the key genes and <em>SEMA5A</em>. The mRNA expression level was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Ninety candidate genes were identified for Spearman correlation with <em>SEMA5A</em>, revealing <em>TNFSF11, BMP6, ITPR1</em>, and <em>DLC1</em> with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.3. Survival analysis underscored <em>DLC1</em> and <em>BMP6</em> as key genes due to significant prognostic differences. GSEA implicated <em>SEMA5A, BMP6</em>, and <em>DLC1</em> in the ECM receptor interaction pathway. Immune infiltration analysis indicated a negative correlation of <em>SEMA5A</em> and <em>BMP6</em> with M1 macrophages, while <em>DLC1</em> exhibited the strongest association with the immune checkpoint <em>PDCD1LG2</em> (p < 0.05, cor = 0.43). The mRNA expression level of <em>SEMA5A</em> was significantly upregulated in AGS parental cells compared to GES-1 cells (p < 0.01), whereas <em>DLC1</em> and <em>BMP6</em> mRNA levels were markedly downregulated in AGS parental cells relative to GES-1 (p < 0.0001).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> ARGs <em>BMP6 and DLC1</em>, associated with <em>SEMA5A</em>, were identified, and their prognostic significance in GC was demonstrated. Additionally, their regulatory mechanisms were further elucidated through immune infiltration analysis and molecular network construction, providing a theoretical foundation for future research on the molecular mechanisms in patients with GC.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> GC, SEMA5A, autophagy, ARGs, bioinformatics analysis<br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Arterial stiffness is associated with accelerated progression of atherosclerosis and plaque rupture. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) plays a vital role in inflammatory responses, matrix deposition and arterial stiffness. This study assessed the correlation between the serum LOXL2 concentration and disease severity, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: The study included 143 CAD patients and 150 non-CAD patients who underwent coronary angiography. Medical records, demographic and clinical baseline parameters were collected. Serum LOXL2 levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Results: CAD patients had higher serum LOXL2 levels than non-CAD patients, and LOXL2 levels were associated with severity of coronary lesions. Serum LOXL2 level was positively correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r=0.161, P=0.054), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r=0.175, P=0.036), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r=0.177, P=0.035), intima-media thickness (IMT) (r=0.190, P=0.023), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) (r=0.203, P=0.015), while negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r=− 0.191, P=0.023) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (r=− 0.183, P=0.028) in CAD patients. Multivariate logistic regression showed that LOXL2 is independently correlated with LDL-C (OR=3.380; 95% CI=1.258– 9.082; P=0.016), hs-CRP (OR=10.988; 95% CI=1.962– 61.532; P=0.006), TC (OR=2.229; 95% CI=1.005– 4.944; P=0.049), IMT (OR=72.719; 95% CI=2.313– 2286.008; P=0.015), and baPWV (OR=1.002; 95% CI=1.001– 1.004; P=0.005) in CAD patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the best cut-off for CAD as serum LOXL2 is 275.35 pg/mL, with sensitivity and specificity of 77.6% and 84%, respectively. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that LOXL2 could be a potential biomarker and independent risk factor for CAD patients.
{"title":"Serum LOXL2 is Elevated and an Independent Biomarker in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease","authors":"Zhongsheng Zhu","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s478044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s478044","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Arterial stiffness is associated with accelerated progression of atherosclerosis and plaque rupture. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) plays a vital role in inflammatory responses, matrix deposition and arterial stiffness. This study assessed the correlation between the serum LOXL2 concentration and disease severity, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction of coronary artery disease (CAD).<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> The study included 143 CAD patients and 150 non-CAD patients who underwent coronary angiography. Medical records, demographic and clinical baseline parameters were collected. Serum LOXL2 levels were measured using an ELISA kit.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> CAD patients had higher serum LOXL2 levels than non-CAD patients, and LOXL2 levels were associated with severity of coronary lesions. Serum LOXL2 level was positively correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r=0.161, P=0.054), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r=0.175, P=0.036), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r=0.177, P=0.035), intima-media thickness (IMT) (r=0.190, P=0.023), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) (r=0.203, P=0.015), while negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r=− 0.191, P=0.023) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (r=− 0.183, P=0.028) in CAD patients. Multivariate logistic regression showed that LOXL2 is independently correlated with LDL-C (OR=3.380; 95% CI=1.258– 9.082; P=0.016), hs-CRP (OR=10.988; 95% CI=1.962– 61.532; P=0.006), TC (OR=2.229; 95% CI=1.005– 4.944; P=0.049), IMT (OR=72.719; 95% CI=2.313– 2286.008; P=0.015), and baPWV (OR=1.002; 95% CI=1.001– 1.004; P=0.005) in CAD patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the best cut-off for CAD as serum LOXL2 is 275.35 pg/mL, with sensitivity and specificity of 77.6% and 84%, respectively.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our data demonstrated that LOXL2 could be a potential biomarker and independent risk factor for CAD patients.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Qu, Fei Xia, Ling Chen, Hong-Jian Li, Wei-Min Li
Purpose: : To explore the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence (AI)-based on real-time dynamic ultrasound imaging system for minimal breast lesions. Patients and Methods: Minimal breast lesions with a maximum diameter of ≤ 10mm were selected in this prospective study. The ultrasound equipment and AI system were activated Simultaneously. The ultrasound imaging video is connected to the server of AI system to achieve simultaneous output of AI and ultrasound scanning. Dynamic observation of breast lesions was conducted via ultrasound. And these lesions were evaluated and graded according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification system through deep learning (DL) algorithms in AI. Surgical pathology was taken as the gold standard, and ROC curves were drawn to determine the area under the curve (AUC) and the optimal threshold values of BI-RADS. The diagnostic efficacy was compared with the use of a BI-RADS category > 3 as the threshold for clinically intervening in diagnosing minimal breast cancers. Results: 291 minimal breast lesions were enrolled in the study, of which 228 were benign (78.35%) and 63 were malignant (21.65%). The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.833, with the best threshold value > 4A. When using >BI-RADS 3 and >BI-RADS 4A as threshold values, the sensitivity and negative predictive value for minimal breast cancers were higher for >BI-RADS 3 than >BI-RADS 4A (100% vs 65.08%, 100% vs 89.91%, P values < 0.001). However, the corresponding specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy were lower than those for >BI-RADS 4A (42.11% vs 85.96%, 32.31% vs 56.16%, and 54.64% vs 81.44%, P values < 0.001). Conclusion: The AI-based real-time dynamic ultrasound imaging system shows good capacity in diagnosing minimal breast lesions, which is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and improves the prognosis of patients. However, it still results in some missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses of minimal breast cancers.
Keywords: Breast cancer, ultrasound, artificial intelligence, diagnostic
目的： ：探索基于人工智能（AI）的实时动态超声成像系统对乳腺微小病变的诊断价值：这项前瞻性研究选择了最大直径≤ 10 毫米的乳腺微小病变。同时启动超声设备和人工智能系统。超声成像视频连接至人工智能系统服务器，实现人工智能和超声扫描同步输出。通过超声波对乳腺病变进行动态观察。通过人工智能中的深度学习（DL）算法，根据乳腺成像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）的分类系统对这些病变进行评估和分级。以手术病理为金标准，绘制 ROC 曲线以确定曲线下面积（AUC）和 BI-RADS 的最佳阈值。结果：研究共纳入 291 例乳腺微小病变，其中良性病变 228 例（78.35%），恶性病变 63 例（21.65%）。ROC曲线的AUC为0.833，最佳阈值为4A。以 BI-RADS 3 和 BI-RADS 4A 作为阈值时，BI-RADS 3 对极小乳腺癌的灵敏度和阴性预测值均高于 BI-RADS 4A（100% vs 65.08%，100% vs 89.91%，P 值为 0.001）。然而，相应的特异性、阳性预测值和准确性却低于 BI-RADS 4A（42.11% vs 85.96%、32.31% vs 56.16%、54.64% vs 81.44%，P 值为 0.001）：基于人工智能的实时动态超声成像系统对乳腺微小病变具有良好的诊断能力，有助于乳腺癌的早期诊断和治疗，改善患者的预后。然而，该系统仍会导致一些极小乳腺癌的漏诊和误诊：乳腺癌 超声波 人工智能 诊断
{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Artificial Intelligence in Minimal Breast Lesions Based on Real-Time Dynamic Ultrasound Imaging","authors":"Chen Qu, Fei Xia, Ling Chen, Hong-Jian Li, Wei-Min Li","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s479969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s479969","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> : To explore the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence (AI)-based on real-time dynamic ultrasound imaging system for minimal breast lesions.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Minimal breast lesions with a maximum diameter of ≤ 10mm were selected in this prospective study. The ultrasound equipment and AI system were activated Simultaneously. The ultrasound imaging video is connected to the server of AI system to achieve simultaneous output of AI and ultrasound scanning. Dynamic observation of breast lesions was conducted via ultrasound. And these lesions were evaluated and graded according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification system through deep learning (DL) algorithms in AI. Surgical pathology was taken as the gold standard, and ROC curves were drawn to determine the area under the curve (AUC) and the optimal threshold values of BI-RADS. The diagnostic efficacy was compared with the use of a BI-RADS category > 3 as the threshold for clinically intervening in diagnosing minimal breast cancers.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> 291 minimal breast lesions were enrolled in the study, of which 228 were benign (78.35%) and 63 were malignant (21.65%). The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.833, with the best threshold value > 4A. When using >BI-RADS 3 and >BI-RADS 4A as threshold values, the sensitivity and negative predictive value for minimal breast cancers were higher for >BI-RADS 3 than >BI-RADS 4A (100% vs 65.08%, 100% vs 89.91%, P values < 0.001). However, the corresponding specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy were lower than those for >BI-RADS 4A (42.11% vs 85.96%, 32.31% vs 56.16%, and 54.64% vs 81.44%, P values < 0.001).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The AI-based real-time dynamic ultrasound imaging system shows good capacity in diagnosing minimal breast lesions, which is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and improves the prognosis of patients. However, it still results in some missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses of minimal breast cancers.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> Breast cancer, ultrasound, artificial intelligence, diagnostic<br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiyu Zhang, Fanting Kong, Lei Zheng, Xiaowei Li, Lining Jia, Lixian Yang
Background: The role of Semaphorin 7a (SEMA7A) in the initiation and progression of different types of cancerous lesions has been extensively studied. However, the prognostic significance of SEMA7A, specifically in breast cancer (BC), lacks clarity. Methods: We conducted an evaluation on the relationship between SEMA7A and the prognosis, immune invasion and tumor mutation burden in different types of cancer by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The present study focused on investigating the expression level, mutation, immune correlation and coexpression of SEMA7A in BC, utilizing various databases such as the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis portal, cBioPortal and tumor immune estimation resource. Survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Furthermore, we employed the R software package to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and nomograms. Notably, P< 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Using pancancer analysis, it has been observed that the expression of SEMA7A is elevated in various types of cancer and is strongly correlated with the prognosis of different cancer types. SEMA7A also exhibits a significant association with the tumor mutation burden of diverse types of cancer. Moreover, SEMA7A displays a notable increase in BC cases, and was indicated to have a substantial association with the abundance of immune infiltration. In-depth survival analysis demonstrated that elevated levels of SEMA7A expression are notably linked to shorter overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival among patients with BC. The efficiency of SEMA7A as a reliable prognostic biomarker for BC has been substantiated by the validation of ROC curves and nomograms. Conclusion: SEMA7A has the potential to function as a prognostic indicator for BC, and its correlation with immune infiltration in BC is significant.
背景：人们已经广泛研究了SEMA7a（SEMA7A）在不同类型癌症病变的发生和发展中的作用。然而，SEMA7A的预后意义，尤其是对乳腺癌（BC）的预后意义尚不明确：我们通过分析癌症基因组图谱数据库中的数据，评估了SEMA7A与不同类型癌症的预后、免疫侵袭和肿瘤突变负荷之间的关系。本研究利用阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校癌症数据分析门户、cBioPortal和肿瘤免疫估算资源等各种数据库，重点研究了SEMA7A在BC中的表达水平、突变、免疫相关性和共表达。我们使用 Kaplan-Meier Plotter 进行了生存分析。此外，我们还使用 R 软件包生成了接收者操作特征曲线（ROC）和提名图。值得注意的是，P< 0.05 表示统计学意义：结果：通过胰腺癌分析发现，SEMA7A 在各种癌症中的表达均升高，且与不同癌症类型的预后密切相关。SEMA7A 还与不同类型癌症的肿瘤突变负荷有显著关联。此外，SEMA7A 在 BC 病例中也有显著增加，并被指出与免疫浸润的丰度有很大关系。深入的生存分析表明，SEMA7A 表达水平的升高与 BC 患者较短的总生存期和无远处转移生存期明显相关。ROC曲线和提名图验证了SEMA7A作为BC可靠预后生物标志物的有效性：结论：SEMA7A具有作为BC预后指标的潜力，它与BC免疫浸润的相关性很大。
{"title":"SEMA7A as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltrates in Breast Cancer","authors":"Shiyu Zhang, Fanting Kong, Lei Zheng, Xiaowei Li, Lining Jia, Lixian Yang","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s474827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s474827","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> The role of Semaphorin 7a (SEMA7A) in the initiation and progression of different types of cancerous lesions has been extensively studied. However, the prognostic significance of SEMA7A, specifically in breast cancer (BC), lacks clarity.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted an evaluation on the relationship between SEMA7A and the prognosis, immune invasion and tumor mutation burden in different types of cancer by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The present study focused on investigating the expression level, mutation, immune correlation and coexpression of SEMA7A in BC, utilizing various databases such as the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis portal, cBioPortal and tumor immune estimation resource. Survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Furthermore, we employed the R software package to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and nomograms. Notably, P< 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Using pancancer analysis, it has been observed that the expression of SEMA7A is elevated in various types of cancer and is strongly correlated with the prognosis of different cancer types. SEMA7A also exhibits a significant association with the tumor mutation burden of diverse types of cancer. Moreover, SEMA7A displays a notable increase in BC cases, and was indicated to have a substantial association with the abundance of immune infiltration. In-depth survival analysis demonstrated that elevated levels of SEMA7A expression are notably linked to shorter overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival among patients with BC. The efficiency of SEMA7A as a reliable prognostic biomarker for BC has been substantiated by the validation of ROC curves and nomograms.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> SEMA7A has the potential to function as a prognostic indicator for BC, and its correlation with immune infiltration in BC is significant.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hisham Mohamed Hussein, Amsha Alhumaidi Alshammari, Hand Zamel M Alshammari, Monira I Aldhahi, Yahya Ali Hamad Suwaidi, Ahmed Abdelmoniem Ibrahim
Background: Children diagnosed with spastic diplegic Cerebral Palsy (CP) usually demonstrate hypertonicity of the lower limb muscles which affects the normal alignments and weight reception by the feet. These impairments could be correlated to the limitations in gross motor function such as standing and walking abilities. Understanding these relationships can contribute to developing more effective rehabilitation strategies and improving overall motor outcomes for affected children. Objective: The current study was designed to explore the relationship between plantar surface area, weight distribution on the plantar surface, and gross motor function (namely, standing and walking abilities) in spastic diplegic CP children. Methods: Seventy-one spastic diplegic CP children aged 8– 14 years joined this cross-sectional study. The Person’s correlation coefficient and regression tests were used to assess the correlation between variables, namely, Gross Motor Function (GMFM), Calf Muscle Tone, Plantar surface area (PSA), and Peak pressure on mid and hind feet (PPMF, PPHF, respectively). These variables were assessed using the GMFM-88 scale, Modified Ashworth scale, and foot scan plantar pressure detection system, respectively. Results: The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong to moderate positive correlation between PSA, PPMF, PPHF, and GMFM-D and GMFM-E. Additionally, regression model showed prediction levels equal to 0.791 for the GMFM-D and 0.720 for the GMFM-E categories, respectively. Conclusion: Standing and walking abilities were positively correlated (r ≥ .6) with the increased plantar surface area and higher peak pressure on mid and hind feet in spastic diplegic CP. Future longitudinal studies should investigate changes in gross motor function in relation to improvement in plantar surface area and peak pressure values.
{"title":"Association Between Calf Muscle Tone, Plantar Surface Area, and Gross Motor Function in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy","authors":"Hisham Mohamed Hussein, Amsha Alhumaidi Alshammari, Hand Zamel M Alshammari, Monira I Aldhahi, Yahya Ali Hamad Suwaidi, Ahmed Abdelmoniem Ibrahim","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s479557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s479557","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Children diagnosed with spastic diplegic Cerebral Palsy (CP) usually demonstrate hypertonicity of the lower limb muscles which affects the normal alignments and weight reception by the feet. These impairments could be correlated to the limitations in gross motor function such as standing and walking abilities. Understanding these relationships can contribute to developing more effective rehabilitation strategies and improving overall motor outcomes for affected children.<br/><strong>Objective:</strong> The current study was designed to explore the relationship between plantar surface area, weight distribution on the plantar surface, and gross motor function (namely, standing and walking abilities) in spastic diplegic CP children.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> Seventy-one spastic diplegic CP children aged 8– 14 years joined this cross-sectional study. The Person’s correlation coefficient and regression tests were used to assess the correlation between variables, namely, Gross Motor Function (GMFM), Calf Muscle Tone, Plantar surface area (PSA), and Peak pressure on mid and hind feet (PPMF, PPHF, respectively). These variables were assessed using the GMFM-88 scale, Modified Ashworth scale, and foot scan plantar pressure detection system, respectively.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong to moderate positive correlation between PSA, PPMF, PPHF, and GMFM-D and GMFM-E. Additionally, regression model showed prediction levels equal to 0.791 for the GMFM-D and 0.720 for the GMFM-E categories, respectively.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Standing and walking abilities were positively correlated (r ≥ .6) with the increased plantar surface area and higher peak pressure on mid and hind feet in spastic diplegic CP. Future longitudinal studies should investigate changes in gross motor function in relation to improvement in plantar surface area and peak pressure values.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang-Da Chen, Zhi-Gao Wen, Jun-Jie Long, Yong Wang
Background: Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCFP). SCFP is a condition that can complicate the management of ischemia and no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA), making it essential to identify reliable predictors. Although the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) has been proven to relate to various cardiovascular diseases. However, the predictive value of SIRI for SCFP in patients with INOCA remains unclear. Methods: A total of 1422 patients with INOCA were consecutively included in this study. 89 individuals were diagnosed with SCFP (the SCFP group). A 1:2 age- and -sex-matched patients with INOCA and normal blood flow were selected as the control group (n=178). Plasma neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts were collected so as to determine the value of SIRI. Results: Patients with SCFP had an elevated level of body mass index (BMI) and an increased incidence of smoking and diabetes. The SIRI was significantly higher in the SCFP group than in the controls (2.3± 1.3 vs 1.8± 1.3, p=0.002). The SIRI increased as the number of coronary arteries involved in the SCFP increased. Univariate analyses showed that BMI, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and SIRI were associated with SCFP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI and SIRI were independent predictors of SCFP occurrence. The ROC curve showed that when the SIRI was > 1.140, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.6% and 60.1%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.644 (95% CI: 0.578– 0.710, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that an increased SIRI may have a potential role in distinguishing SCFP in patients with INOCA. SIRI could improve the predictive value of SCFP compared to neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes alone.
背景：炎症在冠状动脉血流缓慢现象（SCFP）的发病机制中起着关键作用。冠状动脉血流缓慢现象会使缺血和无阻塞性冠状动脉（INOCA）的治疗复杂化，因此确定可靠的预测指标至关重要。虽然全身炎症反应指数（SIRI）已被证实与各种心血管疾病有关。然而，SIRI 对 INOCA 患者 SCFP 的预测价值仍不明确：本研究连续纳入了 1422 名 INOCA 患者。89人被诊断为SCFP（SCFP组）。选取年龄和性别1:2匹配、血流正常的INOCA患者作为对照组（178人）。收集血浆中性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞计数，以确定 SIRI 的值：结果：SCFP 患者的体重指数（BMI）升高，吸烟和糖尿病的发病率增加。SCFP组的SIRI明显高于对照组（2.3± 1.3 vs 1.8±1.3，P=0.002）。SIRI随着SCFP累及冠状动脉数量的增加而增加。单变量分析显示，体重指数（BMI）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和 SIRI 与 SCFP 相关。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，体重指数和 SIRI 是 SCFP 发生的独立预测因素。ROC曲线显示，当SIRI为> 1.140时，灵敏度和特异度分别为87.6%和60.1%，ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.644（95% CI：0.578- 0.710，P< 0.001）：研究结果表明，SIRI的增加可能有助于鉴别INOCA患者中的SCFP。与中性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞相比，SIRI 可提高 SCFP 的预测价值。
{"title":"Association Between Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Slow Coronary Flow Phenomenon in Patients with Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Arteries","authors":"Yang-Da Chen, Zhi-Gao Wen, Jun-Jie Long, Yong Wang","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s481538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s481538","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCFP). SCFP is a condition that can complicate the management of ischemia and no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA), making it essential to identify reliable predictors. Although the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) has been proven to relate to various cardiovascular diseases. However, the predictive value of SIRI for SCFP in patients with INOCA remains unclear.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 1422 patients with INOCA were consecutively included in this study. 89 individuals were diagnosed with SCFP (the SCFP group). A 1:2 age- and -sex-matched patients with INOCA and normal blood flow were selected as the control group (n=178). Plasma neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts were collected so as to determine the value of SIRI.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Patients with SCFP had an elevated level of body mass index (BMI) and an increased incidence of smoking and diabetes. The SIRI was significantly higher in the SCFP group than in the controls (2.3± 1.3 vs 1.8± 1.3, p=0.002). The SIRI increased as the number of coronary arteries involved in the SCFP increased. Univariate analyses showed that BMI, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and SIRI were associated with SCFP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI and SIRI were independent predictors of SCFP occurrence. The ROC curve showed that when the SIRI was > 1.140, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.6% and 60.1%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.644 (95% CI: 0.578– 0.710, P < 0.001).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings demonstrated that an increased SIRI may have a potential role in distinguishing SCFP in patients with INOCA. SIRI could improve the predictive value of SCFP compared to neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes alone.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with horse or rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (h-/r-ATG) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are two baseline treatments for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia (TD-NSAA) patients. Addition of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) to standard IST therapy (h-/r-ATG) has greatly improved the survival of SAA, whereas porcine anti-lymphocyte globulin (p-ALG) combined with TPO-RAs still had a matter of debate. Methods: We retrospectively compared the data of 48 AA patients in our center between 2020 and 2022, 23 AA patients received with p-ALG ± TPO-RAs, 25 AA patients underwent matched sibling donor (MSD-) or haploidentical (haplo-) HSCT. Results: For patients in the HSCT group, the ORR was 90.9% which was significantly higher than that in the IST±TPO-RAs group (45.5%, P = 0.001) at 3 months; moreover, patients who underwent HSCT achieved faster transfusion independence, better CR rate, shorter time of recovery normal blood routine, and the percentage of normal blood routine (all P < 0.05) compared with IST±TPO-RAs group. However, the ORR were similary at 6 months in the two groups (95.5% vs 81.8% P = 0.342), with a median follow up of 19.8 months (range, 0.3– 38.2 months), the 2-year FFS and OS in the two cohorts has no different. Subgroup analysis further indicated that the 2-year FFS and OS were similar between IST+TPO-RAs and haplo-HSCT subgroups, as well as in IST+TPO-RAs and MSD-HSCT cohorts. Moreover, the first-time hospitalizations were much more expensive in the HSCT group than in the IST±TPO-RAs group (402 756 vs. 292 902 yuan, P = 0.002). Conclusion: P-ALG-based-IST±TPO-RAs is a good treatment option with similar FFS and OS compared to allo- HSCT for AA patients without the opportunity of HSCT.
{"title":"Porcine Anti-Lymphocyte Globulin, Cyclosporine A Plus Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists Achieved Similar Efficacy and Survival Compared to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Aplastic Anemia","authors":"Ran Zhao, Dexiang Ji, Yulan Zhou, Ling Qi, Fei Li","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s465184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s465184","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with horse or rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (h-/r-ATG) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are two baseline treatments for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia (TD-NSAA) patients. Addition of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) to standard IST therapy (h-/r-ATG) has greatly improved the survival of SAA, whereas porcine anti-lymphocyte globulin (p-ALG) combined with TPO-RAs still had a matter of debate.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively compared the data of 48 AA patients in our center between 2020 and 2022, 23 AA patients received with p-ALG ± TPO-RAs, 25 AA patients underwent matched sibling donor (MSD-) or haploidentical (haplo-) HSCT.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> For patients in the HSCT group, the ORR was 90.9% which was significantly higher than that in the IST±TPO-RAs group (45.5%, <em>P</em> = 0.001) at 3 months; moreover, patients who underwent HSCT achieved faster transfusion independence, better CR rate, shorter time of recovery normal blood routine, and the percentage of normal blood routine (all <em>P</em> < 0.05) compared with IST±TPO-RAs group. However, the ORR were similary at 6 months in the two groups (95.5% vs 81.8% <em>P</em> = 0.342), with a median follow up of 19.8 months (range, 0.3– 38.2 months), the 2-year FFS and OS in the two cohorts has no different. Subgroup analysis further indicated that the 2-year FFS and OS were similar between IST+TPO-RAs and haplo-HSCT subgroups, as well as in IST+TPO-RAs and MSD-HSCT cohorts. Moreover, the first-time hospitalizations were much more expensive in the HSCT group than in the IST±TPO-RAs group (402 756 vs. 292 902 yuan, <em>P</em> = 0.002).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> P-ALG-based-IST±TPO-RAs is a good treatment option with similar FFS and OS compared to allo- HSCT for AA patients without the opportunity of HSCT.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianjie Zhang, Yan Liu, Dongwei Xu, Rui Dong, Ye Song
Background: In recent years, diaphragm ultrasound (DUS) has been used to identify diaphragm dysfunction in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, there are few studies on DUS parameters to evaluate function, normal ranges, and influencing factors in population. The aim of this study is to provide a methodological reference for clinical evaluation of diaphragm function by measuring different DUS parameters in a healthy population. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted 212 (105 males, 107 females) subjects with normal spirometry underwent ultrasound imaging in this study. The diaphragm contraction and motion related parameters and shear wave velocity (SWV) were measured in the supine position. The effects of gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle on diaphragm ultrasound parameters were analyzed. Results: The diaphragm thickness at end-expiration (DT-exp) was 0.14 ± 0.05 cm, the diaphragm thickness at end- inspiration (DT-insp) was 0.29± 0.10 cm, with thickening fraction (TF) was 1.11± 0.54. The diaphragm excursion (DE) was 1.68± 0.37cm and diaphragm velocity was 1.45± 0.41 cm/s during calm breathing. During deep breathing, the DE was 5.06± 1.40cm and diaphragm velocity was 3.20± 1.18 cm/s. The Diaphragm shear modulus—longitudinal view were Mean16.72± 4.07kPa, Max25.04± 5.58kPa, Min11.06± 3.88kPa, SD2.56± 0.98. The results of diaphragmatic measurement showed that the DT of males was significantly greater than that of females (P< 0.05), but there was no significant difference in TF. The DT-insp (r=0.155, P= 0.024) and the DT-exp (r=0.252, P=0.000) were positively correlated with age, and the DE during calm breathing was negatively correlated with age (r=− 0.218, P= 0.001) and BMI (r=− 00.280, P= 0.000). The DE (R=0.371, P=0.000) and velocity (R=0.368, P=0.000) during deep breathing were correlated with lifestyle. Conclusion: Our study provides normal reference values of the diaphragm and evaluates the influence of gender, age, body mass index and lifestyle on diaphragmatic morphology.
{"title":"Diaphragm Assessment by Multimodal Ultrasound Imaging in Healthy Subjects","authors":"Tianjie Zhang, Yan Liu, Dongwei Xu, Rui Dong, Ye Song","doi":"10.2147/ijgm.s478136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s478136","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> In recent years, diaphragm ultrasound (DUS) has been used to identify diaphragm dysfunction in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, there are few studies on DUS parameters to evaluate function, normal ranges, and influencing factors in population. The aim of this study is to provide a methodological reference for clinical evaluation of diaphragm function by measuring different DUS parameters in a healthy population.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive study was conducted 212 (105 males, 107 females) subjects with normal spirometry underwent ultrasound imaging in this study. The diaphragm contraction and motion related parameters and shear wave velocity (SWV) were measured in the supine position. The effects of gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle on diaphragm ultrasound parameters were analyzed.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The diaphragm thickness at end-expiration (DT-exp) was 0.14 ± 0.05 cm, the diaphragm thickness at end- inspiration (DT-insp) was 0.29± 0.10 cm, with thickening fraction (TF) was 1.11± 0.54. The diaphragm excursion (DE) was 1.68± 0.37cm and diaphragm velocity was 1.45± 0.41 cm/s during calm breathing. During deep breathing, the DE was 5.06± 1.40cm and diaphragm velocity was 3.20± 1.18 cm/s. The Diaphragm shear modulus—longitudinal view were Mean16.72± 4.07kPa, Max25.04± 5.58kPa, Min11.06± 3.88kPa, SD2.56± 0.98. The results of diaphragmatic measurement showed that the DT of males was significantly greater than that of females (P< 0.05), but there was no significant difference in TF. The DT-insp (r=0.155, P= 0.024) and the DT-exp (r=0.252, P=0.000) were positively correlated with age, and the DE during calm breathing was negatively correlated with age (r=− 0.218, P= 0.001) and BMI (r=− 00.280, P= 0.000). The DE (R=0.371, P=0.000) and velocity (R=0.368, P=0.000) during deep breathing were correlated with lifestyle.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study provides normal reference values of the diaphragm and evaluates the influence of gender, age, body mass index and lifestyle on diaphragmatic morphology.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":14131,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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