Pub Date : 2014-09-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.135
Aruna Ambadahalli Siddaiah, R. Prasad, S. Rai, O. Dubey, Subrat Satpaty, R. Sinha, Suraj Prsad, A. Sahay
Rearing of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury is mainly conducted in outdoor on Terminalia tomentosa W. & A. a nature grown primary host plant available in forest and also on raised primary host plant Terminalia arjuna Bedd. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall are the main environmental factors for occurrence of pests (parasites and predators) of tasar silkworm during I, II and III crop rearing in the tropical tasar producing zones. The present study was aimed to study the influence of abiotic factors on prevalence of tasar silkworm pests. The study was conducted at different agro-climatic regions viz., Central Tasar Research &Training Institute, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Regional Extension Centre, Katghora, Chattisgarh and Regional Extension Centre, Hatgamaria during 2010-13 covering 3 seed crop and 6 commercial crops. Data on incidence of tropical tasar silkworm endo-parasitoids like Uzi Fly, Blepharipa zebina Walker and Ichneumon fly (Yellow Fly), Xathopimpla pedator, Fabricius and Predators such as Stink bug (Eocanthecona furcellata Wolf), Reduviid bug (Sycanus collaris Fabricius) and Wasp (Vespa orientalis Linnaeus) was recorded Weekly. The meteorological data was collected daily. Data was collected from 4 different agro-climatic zones of tasar growing areas. Analysis of the data revealed a significant negative correlation between abiotic factors and incidence of ichneumon fly and uzi fly. Based on the 3 years data on prevalence of pests region-wise pest calendars and prediction models were developed.
热带柞蚕(Antheraea mylitta Drury)的室外饲养主要是在森林中自然生长的主要寄主植物Terminalia tomentosa W. & a .和人工饲养的主要寄主植物Terminalia arjuna Bedd上进行的。温度、相对湿度和降雨量是热带沙蚕产地一、二、三期作物饲养期间沙蚕害虫(寄生虫和捕食者)发生的主要环境因子。本研究旨在研究非生物因素对柞蚕病虫害流行的影响。该研究于2010- 2013年在不同的农业气候区进行，即中央塔萨尔研究与培训学院，兰契，贾坎德邦，区域推广中心，卡特古拉，恰蒂斯加尔邦和区域推广中心，Hatgamaria，涵盖3种种子作物和6种经济作物。每周记录热带家蚕内寄生类蝇如Uzi蝇、Blepharipa zebina Walker和ichneuon蝇(黄蝇)，捕食者Xathopimpla、Fabricius和捕食者如臭虫(Eocanthecona furcellata Wolf)、Reduviid虫(Sycanus collaris Fabricius)和黄蜂(Vespa orientalis Linnaeus)的发病率数据。气象资料是每天收集的。数据收集自4个不同的农业气候带。数据分析显示，非生物因子与姬蝇和乌兹蝇的发病率呈显著负相关。根据3年病虫害流行数据，建立了区域病虫害日历和预测模型。
{"title":"Influence of abiotic factors on seasonal incidence of pests of tasar Silkworm Antheraea mylitta D.","authors":"Aruna Ambadahalli Siddaiah, R. Prasad, S. Rai, O. Dubey, Subrat Satpaty, R. Sinha, Suraj Prsad, A. Sahay","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.135","url":null,"abstract":"Rearing of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury is mainly conducted in outdoor on Terminalia tomentosa W. & A. a nature grown primary host plant available in forest and also on raised primary host plant Terminalia arjuna Bedd. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall are the main environmental factors for occurrence of pests (parasites and predators) of tasar silkworm during I, II and III crop rearing in the tropical tasar producing zones. The present study was aimed to study the influence of abiotic factors on prevalence of tasar silkworm pests. The study was conducted at different agro-climatic regions viz., Central Tasar Research &Training Institute, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Regional Extension Centre, Katghora, Chattisgarh and Regional Extension Centre, Hatgamaria during 2010-13 covering 3 seed crop and 6 commercial crops. Data on incidence of tropical tasar silkworm endo-parasitoids like Uzi Fly, Blepharipa zebina Walker and Ichneumon fly (Yellow Fly), Xathopimpla pedator, Fabricius and Predators such as Stink bug (Eocanthecona furcellata Wolf), Reduviid bug (Sycanus collaris Fabricius) and Wasp (Vespa orientalis Linnaeus) was recorded Weekly. The meteorological data was collected daily. Data was collected from 4 different agro-climatic zones of tasar growing areas. Analysis of the data revealed a significant negative correlation between abiotic factors and incidence of ichneumon fly and uzi fly. Based on the 3 years data on prevalence of pests region-wise pest calendars and prediction models were developed.","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74544119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.120
D. Barsagade, Shruti Gharade
The cerebral neurosecretory cells (NSC) constitute four paired groups, medial (MNC), lateral (LNC-I, LNC-II) and posterior (PNC) in the brain of larvae of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta (D) Eco-race Bhandara. The MNC is the largest groups of peptidergic neurosecretory cells and are located in the pars intercerebralis region. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM), ultrastructure of the NSC confirmed the presence of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes and neurosecretory granules. The median neurosecretory cells shows secretory activity and release of secretory products, the neurosecretory granules (NSG) in the axons of NSC as well as the blood sinus.
{"title":"Ultrastructural studies on the neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis of larvae of tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (D) eco-race Bhandara (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)","authors":"D. Barsagade, Shruti Gharade","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.120","url":null,"abstract":"The cerebral neurosecretory cells (NSC) constitute four paired groups, medial (MNC), lateral (LNC-I, LNC-II) and posterior (PNC) in the brain of larvae of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta (D) Eco-race Bhandara. The MNC is the largest groups of peptidergic neurosecretory cells and are located in the pars intercerebralis region. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM), ultrastructure of the NSC confirmed the presence of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes and neurosecretory granules. The median neurosecretory cells shows secretory activity and release of secretory products, the neurosecretory granules (NSG) in the axons of NSC as well as the blood sinus.","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85300169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.128
Aruna Ambadahalli Siddaiah, Manjunath Danagoudra
Int. J. Indust. Entomol. Vol. 29, No. (1), pp. 128-134 (2014) 128 129 thymus, 2 day-old N. thymus adults were provided with 3 dayold pupae of E. bombycis for parasitisation at host-parasitoid ratios of 1:1 to 1:10. The parasitoid adults were allowed to parasitize the host pupae for a period of 3 d when they were fed honey 50%. Thereafter, they were separated from the host pupae and the latter were kept for parasitoid emergence. Each treatment consisted of 10 replications. Following the emergence of the parasitoid progeny (first generation) number of pupae parasitized, developmental duration, sex-wise and total adult recovery, sex ratio, adult size and adult female longevity were recorded / calculated. Subsequently, the gravid female (2 day-old) emerging at different treatments (1:1 to 1:10) were offered four 3 dayold uzi pupae for parasitization for 3 d. After the emergence of parasitoid progeny (second generation) observations were recorded on the following: number of pupae parasitised, developmental duration, sex-wise and total adult recovery, and sex ratio. The longevity of first generation N. thymus females was determined by maintaining 10 replications each with 10 adults. The adults were fed honey 50% and their mortality was recorded at 24 h intervals. The size of the parasitoid adults was measured by selecting randomly 10 adults of each sex using an ocular micrometer at 40x. The results were analyzed statistically (SPSS Package) by one way ANOVA followed by DMRT for level of significance. Karl Pearson’s correlation co-efficients were also estimated to know the correlation between the ovipositing parasitoid density and reproductive as well as morphometric characteristics of N. thymus.
{"title":"Impact of maternal crowd on the reproductive performance of an ecto-pupal parasitoid Nesolynx thymus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)","authors":"Aruna Ambadahalli Siddaiah, Manjunath Danagoudra","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.128","url":null,"abstract":"Int. J. Indust. Entomol. Vol. 29, No. (1), pp. 128-134 (2014) 128 129 thymus, 2 day-old N. thymus adults were provided with 3 dayold pupae of E. bombycis for parasitisation at host-parasitoid ratios of 1:1 to 1:10. The parasitoid adults were allowed to parasitize the host pupae for a period of 3 d when they were fed honey 50%. Thereafter, they were separated from the host pupae and the latter were kept for parasitoid emergence. Each treatment consisted of 10 replications. Following the emergence of the parasitoid progeny (first generation) number of pupae parasitized, developmental duration, sex-wise and total adult recovery, sex ratio, adult size and adult female longevity were recorded / calculated. Subsequently, the gravid female (2 day-old) emerging at different treatments (1:1 to 1:10) were offered four 3 dayold uzi pupae for parasitization for 3 d. After the emergence of parasitoid progeny (second generation) observations were recorded on the following: number of pupae parasitised, developmental duration, sex-wise and total adult recovery, and sex ratio. The longevity of first generation N. thymus females was determined by maintaining 10 replications each with 10 adults. The adults were fed honey 50% and their mortality was recorded at 24 h intervals. The size of the parasitoid adults was measured by selecting randomly 10 adults of each sex using an ocular micrometer at 40x. The results were analyzed statistically (SPSS Package) by one way ANOVA followed by DMRT for level of significance. Karl Pearson’s correlation co-efficients were also estimated to know the correlation between the ovipositing parasitoid density and reproductive as well as morphometric characteristics of N. thymus.","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74673157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.93
N. K. Bhatia, Mohammad Yousuf
Tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a polyphagous silk producing forest silkworm of commercial importance in India. Forest dependent people rear its larvae on different forestry host plants twice or thrice in a year for small household income. Larvae of A. mylitta feeds on many forest tree species, but always show a great degree of selectivity as a function of its behavioural responses to physical structure and chemical features of the host plants. Cocoon crop of A. mylitta is influenced by heterogeneity of tasar food plants and climatic conditions of the habitat. The role of host plants, temperature, humidity, rainfall, photoperiod and climatic variables on the growth and development of insects have clearly been demonstrated. This article entails an in-depth analysis on ecological and nutritional aspects of A. mylitta, which may provide selective information to researcher and forest managers, who are particularly associated with livelihood improvement of the poor people in forested area through location specific forest insect industry.
{"title":"Effect of rearing season, host plants and their interaction on economical traits of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury- an overview","authors":"N. K. Bhatia, Mohammad Yousuf","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.29.1.93","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a polyphagous silk producing forest silkworm of commercial importance in India. Forest dependent people rear its larvae on different forestry host plants twice or thrice in a year for small household income. Larvae of A. mylitta feeds on many forest tree species, but always show a great degree of selectivity as a function of its behavioural responses to physical structure and chemical features of the host plants. Cocoon crop of A. mylitta is influenced by heterogeneity of tasar food plants and climatic conditions of the habitat. The role of host plants, temperature, humidity, rainfall, photoperiod and climatic variables on the growth and development of insects have clearly been demonstrated. This article entails an in-depth analysis on ecological and nutritional aspects of A. mylitta, which may provide selective information to researcher and forest managers, who are particularly associated with livelihood improvement of the poor people in forested area through location specific forest insect industry.","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76305409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.39
Kee-Young Kim, Pil-Don Kang, Mi Ja Kim, K. Ryu, J. Park, Iksoo Kim
In order to understand the diversity and genetic relationships of silkworm strains preserved in Korea, we genotyped 78 Bombyx mori strains (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera) originating from Japan, using eight polymorphic microsatellite loci. We obtained per-locus allele numbers ranging from 5 to 16 (with an average value of 9.1), per-locus observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.13 to 1.00, and per-locus polymorphic information content ranging from 0.36 to 0.77, indicating that some loci are highly variable. Phylogenetic analysis with the eight concatenated microsatellite loci showed no clustering based on known strain characteristics and origin. Nineteen strain-specific apomorphic alleles, which discriminated 16 of the 78 silkworm strains, were obtained from eight loci. These strain-specific alleles can thus be utilized for routine discrimination of strains from Japan, without any further typing of other loci. Homozygotes were also observed at some loci (27 of 118 genotypes), which can also be used to discriminate several strains by typing a few loci. These results showed that eight microsatellite loci described herein were sufficiently variable to discriminate among the 78 silkworm strains we examined, and may be useful for future investigations of this economically important species.
{"title":"Microsatellite Analysis of Silkworm Strains (Bombyx mori) of Japan Origin Preserved in Korea","authors":"Kee-Young Kim, Pil-Don Kang, Mi Ja Kim, K. Ryu, J. Park, Iksoo Kim","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.39","url":null,"abstract":"In order to understand the diversity and genetic relationships of silkworm strains preserved in Korea, we genotyped 78 Bombyx mori strains (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera) originating from Japan, using eight polymorphic microsatellite loci. We obtained per-locus allele numbers ranging from 5 to 16 (with an average value of 9.1), per-locus observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.13 to 1.00, and per-locus polymorphic information content ranging from 0.36 to 0.77, indicating that some loci are highly variable. Phylogenetic analysis with the eight concatenated microsatellite loci showed no clustering based on known strain characteristics and origin. Nineteen strain-specific apomorphic alleles, which discriminated 16 of the 78 silkworm strains, were obtained from eight loci. These strain-specific alleles can thus be utilized for routine discrimination of strains from Japan, without any further typing of other loci. Homozygotes were also observed at some loci (27 of 118 genotypes), which can also be used to discriminate several strains by typing a few loci. These results showed that eight microsatellite loci described herein were sufficiently variable to discriminate among the 78 silkworm strains we examined, and may be useful for future investigations of this economically important species.","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74388507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.32
K. Sujatha, R. Singh, A. Sampath, B. Rao
Food consumption and conversion efficiency of eri silkworm Samia ricini Donovan were studied during 4 th and 5 th larval instars by feeding castor leaves fortified with 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations of aqueous extracts of cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis. The nutritional indices viz., ingesta, digesta, approximate digestibility (%), reference ratio and efficiency parameters like ECI and ECD were recorded which were significantly high at 400 ppm concentration treated batches of 4 th instar larvae over control batches. The decline in nutritional efficiency parameters of 5 th instar treated larvae might be due to higher utilization of the digested food for metabolic activities. Significant difference of ECI to cocoon % and non-significant difference of ECD to cocoon% and shell were observed between the treatments and control. Cyanabacteria feed supplement contains antibiotic and nutritions factors which has reflective effect on the biological parameters in eri silkworm and therefore has greater application in commercial eri silkworm rearing. also (Bajpeyi et al ., 1991). Probiotics are the live microbial feed supplements which beneficially affect the host by improving the microbial balance (Yeung et al ., 2002). The microbes, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, are gram + ve bacteria producing lactic acid and extensively studied to improve cocoon characters in B.mori L (Masthan et al ., 2010). Oral administration of mulberry leaf and castor leaf supplemented with single cell protein ‘spirulina’ (Blue green algae) as a feed to respective silkworms Bombyx mori L (Venkataramana et al ., 2003) and Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Jayaprakash et al ., 2005) was found to be effective in enhancing the larval and cocoon characters in mulberry silk worm. The antiviral protein of spirulina platensis Abstract
通过添加100、200、300、400和500 ppm浓度的变型蓝藻水提物饲喂蓖麻叶，研究蓖麻蚕4、5龄幼虫的食用量和转化效率。4龄幼虫摄食、食糜、近似消化率(%)、参考比和ECI、ECD等营养指标均在400ppm浓度下显著高于对照。5龄处理的幼虫营养效率参数下降可能是由于消化的食物在代谢活动中得到了更高的利用。ECI对茧%有显著差异，ECI对茧%和壳%无显著差异。蓝藻菌饲料添加物中含有抗生素和营养因子，对黑蚕的生物学参数有反映作用，因此在黑蚕的商业饲养中具有较大的应用价值。(Bajpeyi et al .， 1991)。益生菌是通过改善微生物平衡对宿主产生有益影响的活微生物饲料添加剂(Yeung et al .， 2002)。乳酸菌(lactobacillus)和双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteria)是产乳酸的革兰氏杆菌(gram + ve)，为改善蚕茧性状而被广泛研究(Masthan et al .， 2010)。口服桑叶和蓖麻叶，并添加单细胞蛋白“螺旋藻”(蓝绿藻)作为饲料，分别饲喂家蚕Bombyx mori L (Venkataramana et al .， 2003)和桑蚕Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Jayaprakash et al .， 2005)，可有效提高桑蚕的幼虫和茧的性状。螺旋藻的抗病毒蛋白研究
{"title":"Food Consumption and Utilization Efficiency in Samia ricini Donovan Reared on Ricinus communis, lin. Leaves Supplemented with Cyanobacteria","authors":"K. Sujatha, R. Singh, A. Sampath, B. Rao","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.32","url":null,"abstract":"Food consumption and conversion efficiency of eri silkworm Samia ricini Donovan were studied during 4 th and 5 th larval instars by feeding castor leaves fortified with 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations of aqueous extracts of cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis. The nutritional indices viz., ingesta, digesta, approximate digestibility (%), reference ratio and efficiency parameters like ECI and ECD were recorded which were significantly high at 400 ppm concentration treated batches of 4 th instar larvae over control batches. The decline in nutritional efficiency parameters of 5 th instar treated larvae might be due to higher utilization of the digested food for metabolic activities. Significant difference of ECI to cocoon % and non-significant difference of ECD to cocoon% and shell were observed between the treatments and control. Cyanabacteria feed supplement contains antibiotic and nutritions factors which has reflective effect on the biological parameters in eri silkworm and therefore has greater application in commercial eri silkworm rearing. also (Bajpeyi et al ., 1991). Probiotics are the live microbial feed supplements which beneficially affect the host by improving the microbial balance (Yeung et al ., 2002). The microbes, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, are gram + ve bacteria producing lactic acid and extensively studied to improve cocoon characters in B.mori L (Masthan et al ., 2010). Oral administration of mulberry leaf and castor leaf supplemented with single cell protein ‘spirulina’ (Blue green algae) as a feed to respective silkworms Bombyx mori L (Venkataramana et al ., 2003) and Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Jayaprakash et al ., 2005) was found to be effective in enhancing the larval and cocoon characters in mulberry silk worm. The antiviral protein of spirulina platensis Abstract","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88015130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.58
H. Yoon, K. Lee
Int. J. Indust. Entomol. Vol. 28, No. (2), pp. 58-65 (2014) 58 59 ing carbon dioxide (a 30-min narcosis treatment repeated twice) would start laying eggs within a week. However, this method produced many side effects. Pormeroy and Plowright (1979) found that this treatment induced the ejection of larvae by bumblebee workers in narcotized colonies. Röseler (1985) reported the emergence of some males among the first batch of workers in such colonies. Carbon dioxide-treated bumblebee queens sometimes produced males instead of workers and their nests could be of smaller size than those of overwintered queens (Tasei, 1994; Yoon et al., 2003). Although increased survival rates have been reported in some studies, few studies have attempted to evaluate the effects of different diapause methods, including a combination method of CO2-narcosis and cold treatment, on the survival rates of diapaused queens and their subsequent ability to establish a colony. To evaluate the effects of a combination method of CO2narcosis and cold treatment for diapause break in B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens, we determined whether this method affected their ability to establish a colony after diapause break. This is the first study describing a combination method of CO2-narcosis and cold-treatment application for breaking the diapause of B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens. Materials and Methods Origin of experimental insects The insects used in the experiment were second and sixthgeneration queens acquired from B. ignitus and B. terrestris colonies that were reared year-round in a climate-controlled room (27°C, 65% relative humidity, and continuous darkness) at the Division of Applied Entomology, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Republic of Korea.
Int。j .的尘埃。Entomol。第28卷第1期(2)， pp. 58-65(2014) 58 59吸入二氧化碳(30分钟的麻醉治疗，重复两次)将在一周内开始产卵。然而，这种方法产生了许多副作用。Pormeroy和Plowright(1979)发现，在麻醉的蜂群中，这种处理可以诱导大黄蜂工蜂排出幼虫。Röseler(1985)报道了在这些殖民地的第一批工蜂中出现了一些雄性。经过二氧化碳处理的大黄蜂后有时会产生雄性而不是工蜂，它们的巢穴可能比越冬后的巢穴更小(Tasei, 1994;Yoon et al.， 2003)。尽管在一些研究中报道了存活率的提高，但很少有研究试图评估不同的滞育方法，包括二氧化碳麻醉和冷处理的组合方法，对滞育后的存活率及其随后建立殖民地的能力的影响。为了评价co2麻醉和冷处理联合处理对火芽小蠊和地芽小蠊蜂王滞育破裂的影响，我们确定了这种方法是否影响它们滞育破裂后建立蜂群的能力。本研究首次采用co2麻醉和冷处理相结合的方法来打破火芽孢杆菌和地芽孢杆菌蜂王的滞育。实验昆虫的来源实验昆虫的第二代和第六代蜂王来自于韩国农业科学院农业生物学系应用昆虫学研究室常年恒温(27°C, 65%相对湿度，持续黑暗)饲养的ignitus和B. terrestris蚁群。
{"title":"A Combination Method of CO 2 -Narcosis and Cold Treatment for Breaking Diapause of Bombus ignitus and Bombus terrestris Bumblebee Queens","authors":"H. Yoon, K. Lee","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.58","url":null,"abstract":"Int. J. Indust. Entomol. Vol. 28, No. (2), pp. 58-65 (2014) 58 59 ing carbon dioxide (a 30-min narcosis treatment repeated twice) would start laying eggs within a week. However, this method produced many side effects. Pormeroy and Plowright (1979) found that this treatment induced the ejection of larvae by bumblebee workers in narcotized colonies. Röseler (1985) reported the emergence of some males among the first batch of workers in such colonies. Carbon dioxide-treated bumblebee queens sometimes produced males instead of workers and their nests could be of smaller size than those of overwintered queens (Tasei, 1994; Yoon et al., 2003). Although increased survival rates have been reported in some studies, few studies have attempted to evaluate the effects of different diapause methods, including a combination method of CO2-narcosis and cold treatment, on the survival rates of diapaused queens and their subsequent ability to establish a colony. To evaluate the effects of a combination method of CO2narcosis and cold treatment for diapause break in B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens, we determined whether this method affected their ability to establish a colony after diapause break. This is the first study describing a combination method of CO2-narcosis and cold-treatment application for breaking the diapause of B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens. Materials and Methods Origin of experimental insects The insects used in the experiment were second and sixthgeneration queens acquired from B. ignitus and B. terrestris colonies that were reared year-round in a climate-controlled room (27°C, 65% relative humidity, and continuous darkness) at the Division of Applied Entomology, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Republic of Korea.","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85681718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.71
Yaqi Liu, N. Park, Yong Gyun Kim, Keun-Ki Kim, H. Park, H. Son, C. H. Hong, Sang Mong Lee
Ya-qi Liu et al. Molecular Cloning of the cDNA of the Heat Shock Protein 88 Gene 72 73 present study. Until now, a great number of variable species of HSPs including small HSPs with molecular weights ranging from 15-40 kDa and many types of HSPs with molecular weights over 40 kDa have been studied; however, HSP88 is rarely investigated (Schlesinger, 1990; Sorensen et al., 2003; Davis, 2004; Burnie et al., 2006; Bendz et al., 2007; Tsan and Gao, 2009; Manjunatha et al., 2010; Shim et al., 2012; Routray et al., 2013). Although the amino acid sequence of the HSP88 has been reported from a fungal species (PlesofskyVig and Brambl, 1998), there are few reports regarding the full-length cDNA sequence. This is the first report, to our knowledge, about the HSP88 from Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 (P. tenuipes Jocheon-1), an entomopathogenic fungus also known as the vegetable wasp, and plant worm. P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 is an ecotype of the corresponding species. Dongchoonghacho, a kind of silkworm mushroom produced from the entomopathogenic fungus of P. tenuipes, has been known as a mysterious ancient medicine in Asian countries, particularly in China, Korea, and Japan. This paper describes the molecular cloning of HSP88 cDNA from P. tenuipes Jocheon-1, the expression of cDNA, the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein, and the influence of the heat shock treatment on the corresponding mRNA expression levels. Materials and Methods
刘亚琪等。热休克蛋白88基因cDNA的分子克隆研究。到目前为止，已经研究了大量的可变种类的热休克蛋白，包括分子量在15-40 kDa之间的小热休克蛋白和分子量在40 kDa以上的许多热休克蛋白;然而，HSP88很少被研究(Schlesinger, 1990;Sorensen et al.， 2003;戴维斯,2004;Burnie et al.， 2006;Bendz等人，2007;Tsan and Gao, 2009;Manjunatha et al.， 2010;Shim et al.， 2012;Routray et al.， 2013)。虽然从真菌物种中已经报道了HSP88的氨基酸序列(PlesofskyVig and Brambl, 1998)，但关于全长cDNA序列的报道很少。据我们所知，这是第一次报道从植物寄生蜂和植物蠕虫中分离到HSP88。P. tenuipes Jocheon-1是对应物种的生态型。在中国、韩国、日本等亚洲国家被称为“神秘的古药”的“东朝八草”是一种用昆虫病原真菌产的蚕菇。本文报道了P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 cDNA的分子克隆、表达、蛋白质氨基酸序列的推导以及热休克处理对mRNA表达水平的影响。材料与方法
{"title":"Molecular Cloning of the cDNA of Heat Shock Protein 88 Gene from the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1","authors":"Yaqi Liu, N. Park, Yong Gyun Kim, Keun-Ki Kim, H. Park, H. Son, C. H. Hong, Sang Mong Lee","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"Ya-qi Liu et al. Molecular Cloning of the cDNA of the Heat Shock Protein 88 Gene 72 73 present study. Until now, a great number of variable species of HSPs including small HSPs with molecular weights ranging from 15-40 kDa and many types of HSPs with molecular weights over 40 kDa have been studied; however, HSP88 is rarely investigated (Schlesinger, 1990; Sorensen et al., 2003; Davis, 2004; Burnie et al., 2006; Bendz et al., 2007; Tsan and Gao, 2009; Manjunatha et al., 2010; Shim et al., 2012; Routray et al., 2013). Although the amino acid sequence of the HSP88 has been reported from a fungal species (PlesofskyVig and Brambl, 1998), there are few reports regarding the full-length cDNA sequence. This is the first report, to our knowledge, about the HSP88 from Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 (P. tenuipes Jocheon-1), an entomopathogenic fungus also known as the vegetable wasp, and plant worm. P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 is an ecotype of the corresponding species. Dongchoonghacho, a kind of silkworm mushroom produced from the entomopathogenic fungus of P. tenuipes, has been known as a mysterious ancient medicine in Asian countries, particularly in China, Korea, and Japan. This paper describes the molecular cloning of HSP88 cDNA from P. tenuipes Jocheon-1, the expression of cDNA, the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein, and the influence of the heat shock treatment on the corresponding mRNA expression levels. Materials and Methods","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77394735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.85
K. Jena, J. Pandey, A. Sinha
This study was designed to find out the effect of Nosema spore on oxidative damages and antioxidant defence in the midgut of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta. Higher level of lipid peroxidation (LPX) and total hydroperoxides indicate the resultant oxidative stress in the Nosema exposed specimen. Increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) suggests activation of physiological mechanism to scavenge the superoxide radical produced during Nosema infection. Higher activities of catalase and glutathione-S-tranferase on 18 th d indicate adaptive behaviour of the tissue against oxyradicals. The results suggest that Nosema infection is involved in altering the active oxygen metabolism by modulating LPX and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is indicative of pebrine disease disorder.
本研究旨在探讨微孢子虫孢子对柞蚕中肠氧化损伤及抗氧化防御的影响。较高水平的脂质过氧化(LPX)和总氢过氧化物表明Nosema暴露标本中产生的氧化应激。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的升高提示机体激活了清除小虫感染过程中产生的超氧化物自由基的生理机制。过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶在第18天的活性升高表明了组织对氧自由基的适应性行为。提示微孢子虫感染通过调节LPX和活性氧(ROS)改变活性氧代谢，提示微孢子虫疾病的发生。
{"title":"Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defences in the Tasar Silkworm Antheraea mylitta D: Challenged with Nosema Species","authors":"K. Jena, J. Pandey, A. Sinha","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.85","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to find out the effect of Nosema spore on oxidative damages and antioxidant defence in the midgut of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta. Higher level of lipid peroxidation (LPX) and total hydroperoxides indicate the resultant oxidative stress in the Nosema exposed specimen. Increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) suggests activation of physiological mechanism to scavenge the superoxide radical produced during Nosema infection. Higher activities of catalase and glutathione-S-tranferase on 18 th d indicate adaptive behaviour of the tissue against oxyradicals. The results suggest that Nosema infection is involved in altering the active oxygen metabolism by modulating LPX and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is indicative of pebrine disease disorder.","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83037484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.25
Kyu‐Won Kwak, Myung‐Sae Han, S. Nam, Ji-Young Choi, Seokhyung Lee, Youngcheol Choi, K. Park
【Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) is widely used in Korea, as a protein-rich, alternate, functional food with pharmacological benefits. In addition to anti-oxidant properties, the larvae of P. b. seulensis also show positive effects against hepatic disorder and diabetes; therefore, P. b. seulensis larvae are being reared on a large scale in Korea. We evaluated reared larvae of P. b. seulensis from Gyeong-gi in Korea. Using 16SrRNA PCR, electro-microscopy, and bioassay techniques, we found that the larvae harbored Spo-1, a bacterium identified as the insect pathogen Serratia marcescens. Therefore, we highlight the use of this insect as an alternate food and the need for its sanitary rearing conditions, as contamination may affect public health.】
{"title":"Detection of Insect Pathogen Serratia marcescens in Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) from Korea","authors":"Kyu‐Won Kwak, Myung‐Sae Han, S. Nam, Ji-Young Choi, Seokhyung Lee, Youngcheol Choi, K. Park","doi":"10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7852/IJIE.2014.28.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"【Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) is widely used in Korea, as a protein-rich, alternate, functional food with pharmacological benefits. In addition to anti-oxidant properties, the larvae of P. b. seulensis also show positive effects against hepatic disorder and diabetes; therefore, P. b. seulensis larvae are being reared on a large scale in Korea. We evaluated reared larvae of P. b. seulensis from Gyeong-gi in Korea. Using 16SrRNA PCR, electro-microscopy, and bioassay techniques, we found that the larvae harbored Spo-1, a bacterium identified as the insect pathogen Serratia marcescens. Therefore, we highlight the use of this insect as an alternate food and the need for its sanitary rearing conditions, as contamination may affect public health.】","PeriodicalId":14140,"journal":{"name":"International journal of industrial entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84280629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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