Nathalia Teixeira Palla Braga, Jáderson Mateus Vilela Antunes, Enrico Antônio Colosimo, Vera Maria Alves Dias, José Nélio Januário, Ivani Novato Silva
A higher incidence of primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been related to increased sensitivity in neonatal screening tests. The benefit of treatment in mild cases remains a topic of debate. We evaluated the impact of reducing the blood-spot TSH cut-off (b-TSH) from 10 (Group 2) to 6 mIU/L (Group 1) in a public neonatal screening program. During the study period, 40% of 123 newborns with CH (n = 162,729; incidence = 1:1323) had b-TSH between 6 and 10 mIU/L. Group 1 patients had fewer clinical signs (p = 0.02), lower serum TSH (p < 0.01), and higher free T4 (p < 0.01) compared to those in Group 2 at diagnosis. Reducing the b-TSH cut-off from 10 to 6 mIU/L increased screening sensitivity, allowing a third of diagnoses, mainly mild cases, not being missed. However, when evaluating the performances of b-TSH cut-offs (6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 mIU/L), the lower values were associated with low positive predictive values (PPVs) and unacceptable increased recall rates (0.57%) for a public health care program. A proposed strategy is to adopt a higher b-TSH cut-off in the first sample and a lower one in the subsequent samples from the same child, which yields a greater number of diagnoses with an acceptable PPV.
{"title":"Impact of Lowering TSH Cut-Off on Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism in Minas Gerais, Brazil.","authors":"Nathalia Teixeira Palla Braga, Jáderson Mateus Vilela Antunes, Enrico Antônio Colosimo, Vera Maria Alves Dias, José Nélio Januário, Ivani Novato Silva","doi":"10.3390/ijns10030052","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10030052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A higher incidence of primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been related to increased sensitivity in neonatal screening tests. The benefit of treatment in mild cases remains a topic of debate. We evaluated the impact of reducing the blood-spot TSH cut-off (b-TSH) from 10 (Group 2) to 6 mIU/L (Group 1) in a public neonatal screening program. During the study period, 40% of 123 newborns with CH (<i>n</i> = 162,729; incidence = 1:1323) had b-TSH between 6 and 10 mIU/L. Group 1 patients had fewer clinical signs (<i>p</i> = 0.02), lower serum TSH (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and higher free T4 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) compared to those in Group 2 at diagnosis. Reducing the b-TSH cut-off from 10 to 6 mIU/L increased screening sensitivity, allowing a third of diagnoses, mainly mild cases, not being missed. However, when evaluating the performances of b-TSH cut-offs (6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 mIU/L), the lower values were associated with low positive predictive values (PPVs) and unacceptable increased recall rates (0.57%) for a public health care program. A proposed strategy is to adopt a higher b-TSH cut-off in the first sample and a lower one in the subsequent samples from the same child, which yields a greater number of diagnoses with an acceptable PPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francis K Lee, Christopher Greene, Kristina Mercer, Jennifer Taylor, Golriz Yazdanpanah, Robert Vogt, Rachel Lee, Carla Cuthbert, Suzanne Cordovado
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) was added to the HHS Secretary's Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for newborn screening (NBS) in 2018, enabling early diagnosis and treatment of impacted infants to prevent irreversible motor neuron damage. In anticipation of supporting SMA newborn screening, scientists at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have worked towards building resources for public health laboratories in four phases since 2013. In Phase 1, CDC established a real-time PCR assay, which uses a locked nucleic acid probe to attain the needed specificity, to detect SMN1 exon 7. In Phase 2, we developed quality assurance dried blood spot materials made with transduced lymphoblast cell lines established from de-identified SMA patients, carriers, and unaffected donors. In 2021, CDC implemented Phase 3, a proficiency testing program, that now supports 115 NBS labs around the world. We are currently completing Phase 4, which includes the implementation of an external SMA quality control material program. Also, during this time, CDC has provided individual technical assistance to NBS programs and bench training to NBS scientists during our annual molecular workshop. These CDC-led activities have contributed to the rapid and full implementation of SMA screening in all 50 U.S. states as of February 2024.
脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)于 2018 年被纳入美国卫生与公共服务部部长推荐的新生儿筛查(NBS)统一筛查组,使受影响的婴儿能够得到早期诊断和治疗,以防止不可逆转的运动神经元损伤。为了支持 SMA 新生儿筛查,美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的科学家们自 2013 年起分四个阶段努力为公共卫生实验室建设资源。在第一阶段,CDC 建立了一种实时 PCR 检测方法,该方法使用锁定的核酸探针来达到所需的特异性,以检测 SMN1 第 7 外显子。在第二阶段,我们开发了质量保证的干血斑材料,这些材料是用从身份不明的 SMA 患者、携带者和未受影响的捐赠者身上建立的转导淋巴母细胞系制成的。2021 年,疾病预防控制中心实施了第 3 阶段,即能力测试计划,目前已为全球 115 家 NBS 实验室提供支持。我们目前正在完成第 4 阶段,其中包括实施外部 SMA 质量控制材料计划。此外,在此期间,疾病预防控制中心还为 NBS 计划提供了个人技术援助,并在我们的年度分子研讨会上为 NBS 科学家提供了工作台培训。这些由疾病预防控制中心牵头的活动有助于到 2024 年 2 月在美国所有 50 个州迅速全面实施 SMA 筛查。
{"title":"CDC's Laboratory Activities to Support Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy.","authors":"Francis K Lee, Christopher Greene, Kristina Mercer, Jennifer Taylor, Golriz Yazdanpanah, Robert Vogt, Rachel Lee, Carla Cuthbert, Suzanne Cordovado","doi":"10.3390/ijns10030051","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10030051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) was added to the HHS Secretary's Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for newborn screening (NBS) in 2018, enabling early diagnosis and treatment of impacted infants to prevent irreversible motor neuron damage. In anticipation of supporting SMA newborn screening, scientists at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have worked towards building resources for public health laboratories in four phases since 2013. In Phase 1, CDC established a real-time PCR assay, which uses a locked nucleic acid probe to attain the needed specificity, to detect <i>SMN1</i> exon 7. In Phase 2, we developed quality assurance dried blood spot materials made with transduced lymphoblast cell lines established from de-identified SMA patients, carriers, and unaffected donors. In 2021, CDC implemented Phase 3, a proficiency testing program, that now supports 115 NBS labs around the world. We are currently completing Phase 4, which includes the implementation of an external SMA quality control material program. Also, during this time, CDC has provided individual technical assistance to NBS programs and bench training to NBS scientists during our annual molecular workshop. These CDC-led activities have contributed to the rapid and full implementation of SMA screening in all 50 U.S. states as of February 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darija Šimić, Ana Šarić, Ana Škaričić, Ivan Lehman, Branka Bunoza, Ivana Rako, Ksenija Fumić
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disease caused by the homozygous deletion of SMN1 exon 7 in 95% of cases. The prognosis for SMA patients has improved with the development of disease-modifying therapies, all of which are available in Croatia. The best treatment outcomes occur when therapy is applied before symptoms appear, making newborn screening (NBS) for SMA a crucial factor. Since SMA NBS is the first genetic test performed in our laboratory, for successful implementation of the program, we had to overcome logistical and organizational issues. Herein, we present the results of the SMA NBS during the one-year pilot project in Croatia and verify the suitability of the Targeted qPCR™ SMA assay for SMA NBS. The pilot project started on 1 March 2023 in the Department for Laboratory Diagnostics of the University Hospital Center Zagreb. A total of 32,655 newborns were tested. Five SMA patients were detected, and their diagnoses were confirmed by the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay. There have been no false positive or false negative results, to our knowledge so far. The incidence of SMA determined during the pilot study is consistent with the SMA incidence data from other European countries.
脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)是一种神经肌肉和神经退行性疾病,95% 的病例由 SMN1 第 7 号外显子同源缺失引起。随着疾病改变疗法的发展,SMA 患者的预后有所改善,克罗地亚已提供所有这些疗法。只有在症状出现之前进行治疗,才能取得最佳治疗效果,因此新生儿SMA筛查(NBS)至关重要。由于 SMA 新生儿筛查(NBS)是我们实验室开展的第一项基因检测,为了成功实施该计划,我们必须克服后勤和组织方面的问题。在此,我们介绍了克罗地亚为期一年的 SMA NBS 试点项目的结果,并验证了靶向 qPCR™ SMA 检测法在 SMA NBS 中的适用性。试点项目于 2023 年 3 月 1 日在萨格勒布大学医院中心实验室诊断部启动。共有 32,655 名新生儿接受了检测。其中发现了五名 SMA 患者,并通过多重结扎依赖性探针扩增 (MLPA) 分析法确诊。据我们所知,迄今为止没有出现假阳性或假阴性结果。试点研究中确定的 SMA 发病率与其他欧洲国家的 SMA 发病率数据一致。
{"title":"One-Year Pilot Study Results of Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the Republic of Croatia.","authors":"Darija Šimić, Ana Šarić, Ana Škaričić, Ivan Lehman, Branka Bunoza, Ivana Rako, Ksenija Fumić","doi":"10.3390/ijns10030050","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10030050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disease caused by the homozygous deletion of <i>SMN1</i> exon 7 in 95% of cases. The prognosis for SMA patients has improved with the development of disease-modifying therapies, all of which are available in Croatia. The best treatment outcomes occur when therapy is applied before symptoms appear, making newborn screening (NBS) for SMA a crucial factor. Since SMA NBS is the first genetic test performed in our laboratory, for successful implementation of the program, we had to overcome logistical and organizational issues. Herein, we present the results of the SMA NBS during the one-year pilot project in Croatia and verify the suitability of the Targeted qPCR<sup>™</sup> SMA assay for SMA NBS. The pilot project started on 1 March 2023 in the Department for Laboratory Diagnostics of the University Hospital Center Zagreb. A total of 32,655 newborns were tested. Five SMA patients were detected, and their diagnoses were confirmed by the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay. There have been no false positive or false negative results, to our knowledge so far. The incidence of SMA determined during the pilot study is consistent with the SMA incidence data from other European countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marianna H Raia, Molly M Lynch, Alyson C Ward, Jill A Brown, Natasha F Bonhomme, Vicki L Hunting
All families deserve access to readily available, accurate, and relevant information to help them navigate the newborn screening system. Current practices, limited resources, and a siloed newborn screening system create numerous challenges for both providers and families to implement educational opportunities to engage families in ways that meet their needs with relevant and meaningful approaches. Engaging families in newborn screening, especially those from historically underserved communities, is necessary to increase knowledge and confidence which leads to overall improved outcomes for families. This article describes three strategies that the Navigate Newborn Screening Program developed, tested, and implemented in the United States, including online learning modules, a prenatal education pilot program, and social media awareness campaign, as well as the extent to which they were successful in reaching and educating families about newborn screening. Using quality improvement methods and evidence-driven approaches, each of these three strategies demonstrate promising practices for advancing awareness, knowledge, and self-efficacy for families navigating the newborn screening system-particularly families in medically underserved and underrepresented communities. A model for bidirectional engagement of families is outlined to support scaling and implementing promising educational efforts for both providers and families in the newborn screening system.
{"title":"One Size Does Not Fit All: A Multifaceted Approach to Educate Families about Newborn Screening.","authors":"Marianna H Raia, Molly M Lynch, Alyson C Ward, Jill A Brown, Natasha F Bonhomme, Vicki L Hunting","doi":"10.3390/ijns10030044","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10030044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All families deserve access to readily available, accurate, and relevant information to help them navigate the newborn screening system. Current practices, limited resources, and a siloed newborn screening system create numerous challenges for both providers and families to implement educational opportunities to engage families in ways that meet their needs with relevant and meaningful approaches. Engaging families in newborn screening, especially those from historically underserved communities, is necessary to increase knowledge and confidence which leads to overall improved outcomes for families. This article describes three strategies that the Navigate Newborn Screening Program developed, tested, and implemented in the United States, including online learning modules, a prenatal education pilot program, and social media awareness campaign, as well as the extent to which they were successful in reaching and educating families about newborn screening. Using quality improvement methods and evidence-driven approaches, each of these three strategies demonstrate promising practices for advancing awareness, knowledge, and self-efficacy for families navigating the newborn screening system-particularly families in medically underserved and underrepresented communities. A model for bidirectional engagement of families is outlined to support scaling and implementing promising educational efforts for both providers and families in the newborn screening system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen Bean, Simon A Jones, Anupam Chakrapani, Suresh Vijay, Teresa Wu, Heather Church, Charlotte Chanson, Andrew Olaye, Beckley Miller, Ivar Jensen, Francis Pang
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a fatal inherited lysosomal storage disease that can be detected through newborn bloodspot screening. The feasibility of the screening assay and the clinical rationale for screening for MLD have been previously demonstrated, so the aim of this study is to determine whether the addition of screening for MLD to the routine newborn screening program in the UK is a cost-effective use of National Health Service (NHS) resources. A health economic analysis from the perspective of the NHS and Personal Social Services was developed based on a decision-tree framework for each MLD subtype using long-term outcomes derived from a previously presented partitioned survival and Markov economic model. Modelling inputs for parameters related to epidemiology, test characteristics, screening and treatment costs were based on data from three major UK specialist MLD hospitals, structured expert opinion and published literature. Lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were discounted at 1.5% to account for time preference. Uncertainty associated with the parameter inputs was explored using sensitivity analyses. This health economic analysis demonstrates that newborn screening for MLD is a cost-effective use of NHS resources using a willingness-to-pay threshold appropriate to the severity of the disease; and supports the inclusion of MLD into the routine newborn screening programme in the UK.
{"title":"Exploring the Cost-Effectiveness of Newborn Screening for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) in the UK.","authors":"Karen Bean, Simon A Jones, Anupam Chakrapani, Suresh Vijay, Teresa Wu, Heather Church, Charlotte Chanson, Andrew Olaye, Beckley Miller, Ivar Jensen, Francis Pang","doi":"10.3390/ijns10030045","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10030045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a fatal inherited lysosomal storage disease that can be detected through newborn bloodspot screening. The feasibility of the screening assay and the clinical rationale for screening for MLD have been previously demonstrated, so the aim of this study is to determine whether the addition of screening for MLD to the routine newborn screening program in the UK is a cost-effective use of National Health Service (NHS) resources. A health economic analysis from the perspective of the NHS and Personal Social Services was developed based on a decision-tree framework for each MLD subtype using long-term outcomes derived from a previously presented partitioned survival and Markov economic model. Modelling inputs for parameters related to epidemiology, test characteristics, screening and treatment costs were based on data from three major UK specialist MLD hospitals, structured expert opinion and published literature. Lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were discounted at 1.5% to account for time preference. Uncertainty associated with the parameter inputs was explored using sensitivity analyses. This health economic analysis demonstrates that newborn screening for MLD is a cost-effective use of NHS resources using a willingness-to-pay threshold appropriate to the severity of the disease; and supports the inclusion of MLD into the routine newborn screening programme in the UK.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Integrating health interventions in a growing economy like India, with a birth cohort of 27 million/year, one-fifth of all childbirths, and approximately one-third of neonatal deaths globally, is a challenge. While mortality statistics are vital, intact survival and early preventive healthcare, such as newborn screening (NBS), are paramount. The appalling lack of information about the precise burden of metabolic errors at the state/national level or a mandated program encouraged a feasibility study of NBS in a prospective newborn cohort recruited in Delhi State (November 2014-April 2017) using a public-private partnership mode. The major determinants for effective implementation of universal NBS at the national level and limitations encountered are discussed in this report. Data to generate the 'core' panel for screening, sustained training of healthcare personnel, dissemination of the power of NBS to ensure neonatal/societal health to the public, and a 'national policy' emerge as priorities in a developing country.
{"title":"Charting the Course: Towards a Comprehensive Newborn Screening Program in India.","authors":"Seema Kapoor, Amit Kumar Gupta, B K Thelma","doi":"10.3390/ijns10030043","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10030043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrating health interventions in a growing economy like India, with a birth cohort of 27 million/year, one-fifth of all childbirths, and approximately one-third of neonatal deaths globally, is a challenge. While mortality statistics are vital, intact survival and early preventive healthcare, such as newborn screening (NBS), are paramount. The appalling lack of information about the precise burden of metabolic errors at the state/national level or a mandated program encouraged a feasibility study of NBS in a prospective newborn cohort recruited in Delhi State (November 2014-April 2017) using a public-private partnership mode. The major determinants for effective implementation of universal NBS at the national level and limitations encountered are discussed in this report. Data to generate the 'core' panel for screening, sustained training of healthcare personnel, dissemination of the power of NBS to ensure neonatal/societal health to the public, and a 'national policy' emerge as priorities in a developing country.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex J Ashenden, Ayesha Chowdhury, Lucy T Anastasi, Khoa Lam, Tomas Rozek, Enzo Ranieri, Carol Wai-Kwan Siu, Jovanka King, Emilie Mas, Karin S Kassahn
Newborn screening programs have seen significant evolution since their initial implementation more than 60 years ago, with the primary goal of detecting treatable conditions within the earliest possible timeframe to ensure the optimal treatment and outcomes for the newborn. New technologies have driven the expansion of screening programs to cover additional conditions. In the current era, the breadth of screened conditions could be further expanded by integrating omic technologies such as untargeted metabolomics and genomics. Genomic screening could offer opportunities for lifelong care beyond the newborn period. For genomic newborn screening to be effective and ready for routine adoption, it must overcome barriers such as implementation cost, public acceptability, and scalability. Metabolomics approaches, on the other hand, can offer insight into disease phenotypes and could be used to identify known and novel biomarkers of disease. Given recent advances in metabolomic technologies, alongside advances in genomics including whole-genome sequencing, the combination of complementary multi-omic approaches may provide an exciting opportunity to leverage the best of both approaches and overcome their respective limitations. These techniques are described, along with the current outlook on multi-omic-based NBS research.
{"title":"The Multi-Omic Approach to Newborn Screening: Opportunities and Challenges.","authors":"Alex J Ashenden, Ayesha Chowdhury, Lucy T Anastasi, Khoa Lam, Tomas Rozek, Enzo Ranieri, Carol Wai-Kwan Siu, Jovanka King, Emilie Mas, Karin S Kassahn","doi":"10.3390/ijns10030042","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10030042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newborn screening programs have seen significant evolution since their initial implementation more than 60 years ago, with the primary goal of detecting treatable conditions within the earliest possible timeframe to ensure the optimal treatment and outcomes for the newborn. New technologies have driven the expansion of screening programs to cover additional conditions. In the current era, the breadth of screened conditions could be further expanded by integrating omic technologies such as untargeted metabolomics and genomics. Genomic screening could offer opportunities for lifelong care beyond the newborn period. For genomic newborn screening to be effective and ready for routine adoption, it must overcome barriers such as implementation cost, public acceptability, and scalability. Metabolomics approaches, on the other hand, can offer insight into disease phenotypes and could be used to identify known and novel biomarkers of disease. Given recent advances in metabolomic technologies, alongside advances in genomics including whole-genome sequencing, the combination of complementary multi-omic approaches may provide an exciting opportunity to leverage the best of both approaches and overcome their respective limitations. These techniques are described, along with the current outlook on multi-omic-based NBS research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Nelson Potter, Brooke Migliore, Javan Carter, Veronica R Copeland, Edward C Smith, Holly L Peay, Katerina S Kucera
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive disorder and the most common type of muscular dystrophy in children. As newborn screening (NBS) for DMD undergoes evaluation for the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel and is already mandated in multiple states, refining NBS algorithms is of utmost importance. NBS for DMD involves measuring creatine kinase-MM (CK-MM) concentration-a biomarker of muscle damage-in dried blood spots. The current test is FDA-approved for samples obtained less than 72 h after birth. Separate reference ranges are needed for samples collected later than 72 h after birth. In this study, we investigated the relationship between age and CK-MM in presumed healthy newborns to inform NBS algorithm designs. In patients with DMD, CK-MM is persistently elevated in childhood and adolescence, while it may be transiently elevated for other reasons in healthy newborns. CK-MM decrease over time was demonstrated by a population sample of 20,306 presumed healthy newborns tested between 0 and 60 days of life and repeat testing of 53 newborns on two separate days. In the population sample, CK-MM concentration was highest in the second 12 h period of life (median = 318 ng/mL) when only 57.6% of newborns tested below 360 ng/mL, the lowest previously published cutoff. By 72 h of age, median CK-MM concentration was 97 ng/mL, and 96.0% of infants had concentrations below 360 ng/mL. Between 72 h and 60 days, median CK-MM concentration ranged from 32 to 37 ng/mL. Establishing age-related cutoffs is crucial for optimizing the sensitivity and specificity of NBS for DMD.
{"title":"Age-Related Blood Levels of Creatine Kinase-MM in Newborns and Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Considerations for the Development of Newborn Screening Algorithms.","authors":"Sarah Nelson Potter, Brooke Migliore, Javan Carter, Veronica R Copeland, Edward C Smith, Holly L Peay, Katerina S Kucera","doi":"10.3390/ijns10020041","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10020041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive disorder and the most common type of muscular dystrophy in children. As newborn screening (NBS) for DMD undergoes evaluation for the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel and is already mandated in multiple states, refining NBS algorithms is of utmost importance. NBS for DMD involves measuring creatine kinase-MM (CK-MM) concentration-a biomarker of muscle damage-in dried blood spots. The current test is FDA-approved for samples obtained less than 72 h after birth. Separate reference ranges are needed for samples collected later than 72 h after birth. In this study, we investigated the relationship between age and CK-MM in presumed healthy newborns to inform NBS algorithm designs. In patients with DMD, CK-MM is persistently elevated in childhood and adolescence, while it may be transiently elevated for other reasons in healthy newborns. CK-MM decrease over time was demonstrated by a population sample of 20,306 presumed healthy newborns tested between 0 and 60 days of life and repeat testing of 53 newborns on two separate days. In the population sample, CK-MM concentration was highest in the second 12 h period of life (median = 318 ng/mL) when only 57.6% of newborns tested below 360 ng/mL, the lowest previously published cutoff. By 72 h of age, median CK-MM concentration was 97 ng/mL, and 96.0% of infants had concentrations below 360 ng/mL. Between 72 h and 60 days, median CK-MM concentration ranged from 32 to 37 ng/mL. Establishing age-related cutoffs is crucial for optimizing the sensitivity and specificity of NBS for DMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11203585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stella Knöpfli, Bernadette Goeschl, Maximilian Zeyda, Anna Baghdasaryan, Margot Baumgartner-Kaut, Matthias R Baumgartner, Marion Herle, Julian Margreitter, Martin Poms, Saskia B Wortmann, Vassiliki Konstantopoulou, Martina Huemer
Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency (B12D) can have detrimental effects on early growth and development. The Austrian newborn screening (NBS) program targets inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism and also detects B12D. Of 59 included neonates with B12D suspected by NBS, B12D was not further investigated in 16 (27%) retrospectively identified cases, not confirmed in 28 (48%), and confirmed in 15 (25%) cases. NBS and recall biomarkers were recorded. Age at sampling of the dried blood spots for NBS and the 1st-tier methionine/phenylalanine ratio were the strongest parameters to predict B12D (67.4% correct allocations). No differences between cases with confirmed, unconfirmed, or unknown B12D or differences to norms were observed for growth and psychomotor development (Vineland III scales, phone interviews with parents of children between months 10 and 14 of life). B12 intake was below recommendations in most mothers. NBS can detect reduced intracellular B12 activity. No advantage of NBS detection and treatment regarding infant cognitive development or growth could be proven. Since conspicuous NBS findings cannot be ignored, and to prevent exposing newborns to invasive diagnostics, assessment of maternal B12 status during pregnancy seems advisable.
{"title":"The Benefit of Detecting Reduced Intracellular B12 Activity through Newborn Screening Remains Unclear.","authors":"Stella Knöpfli, Bernadette Goeschl, Maximilian Zeyda, Anna Baghdasaryan, Margot Baumgartner-Kaut, Matthias R Baumgartner, Marion Herle, Julian Margreitter, Martin Poms, Saskia B Wortmann, Vassiliki Konstantopoulou, Martina Huemer","doi":"10.3390/ijns10020040","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10020040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency (B12D) can have detrimental effects on early growth and development. The Austrian newborn screening (NBS) program targets inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism and also detects B12D. Of 59 included neonates with B12D suspected by NBS, B12D was not further investigated in 16 (27%) retrospectively identified cases, not confirmed in 28 (48%), and confirmed in 15 (25%) cases. NBS and recall biomarkers were recorded. Age at sampling of the dried blood spots for NBS and the 1st-tier methionine/phenylalanine ratio were the strongest parameters to predict B12D (67.4% correct allocations). No differences between cases with confirmed, unconfirmed, or unknown B12D or differences to norms were observed for growth and psychomotor development (Vineland III scales, phone interviews with parents of children between months 10 and 14 of life). B12 intake was below recommendations in most mothers. NBS can detect reduced intracellular B12 activity. No advantage of NBS detection and treatment regarding infant cognitive development or growth could be proven. Since conspicuous NBS findings cannot be ignored, and to prevent exposing newborns to invasive diagnostics, assessment of maternal B12 status during pregnancy seems advisable.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11203543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Newborn screening (NBS) for sickle cell disease (SCD) has significantly improved childhood survival but there are still gaps resulting in delayed care for affected infants. As a state-run program, there are no national quality assurance programs to ensure each state achieves consistent, reliable outcomes. We performed this qualitative study of NBS follow-up practices to better evaluate and understand the multi-level, state-specific processes of how each state's public health department delivers the NBS results to families, how/if they ensure affected infants are seen quickly by sickle cell specialists, and to determine the close-out processes used in each state. This project used semi-structured interviews conducted with 29 participants across eight states to explore these NBS follow-up processes in each state. Participants included SCD providers, NBS coordinators, or personnel associated with state health departments and community-based SCD organizations (CBO). Our results show significant state-dependent variations in the NBS processes of information delivery and patient management. Specifically, programs differed in how they communicated results to affected families and which other organizations were informed of the diagnosis. There was also state-based (and intrastate) variation in who should assume responsibility for ensuring that infants receive confirmatory testing and are promptly started on penicillin prophylaxis. Case closure was also highly variable and poorly validated. Our results also yielded identifiable challenges and facilitators to NBS which were highly variable by state but potentially addressable in the future. This information suggests opportunities for systematic improvement in NBS follow-up processes.
{"title":"Current Methods of Newborn Screening Follow-Up for Sickle Cell Disease Are Highly Variable and without Quality Assurance: Results from the ENHANCE Study.","authors":"Najibah Galadanci, Shannon Phillips, Alyssa Schlenz, Nataliya Ivankova, Julie Kanter","doi":"10.3390/ijns10010022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijns10010022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newborn screening (NBS) for sickle cell disease (SCD) has significantly improved childhood survival but there are still gaps resulting in delayed care for affected infants. As a state-run program, there are no national quality assurance programs to ensure each state achieves consistent, reliable outcomes. We performed this qualitative study of NBS follow-up practices to better evaluate and understand the multi-level, state-specific processes of how each state's public health department delivers the NBS results to families, how/if they ensure affected infants are seen quickly by sickle cell specialists, and to determine the close-out processes used in each state. This project used semi-structured interviews conducted with 29 participants across eight states to explore these NBS follow-up processes in each state. Participants included SCD providers, NBS coordinators, or personnel associated with state health departments and community-based SCD organizations (CBO). Our results show significant state-dependent variations in the NBS processes of information delivery and patient management. Specifically, programs differed in how they communicated results to affected families and which other organizations were informed of the diagnosis. There was also state-based (and intrastate) variation in who should assume responsibility for ensuring that infants receive confirmatory testing and are promptly started on penicillin prophylaxis. Case closure was also highly variable and poorly validated. Our results also yielded identifiable challenges and facilitators to NBS which were highly variable by state but potentially addressable in the future. This information suggests opportunities for systematic improvement in NBS follow-up processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14159,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neonatal Screening","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10971183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}