International journal of exercise science最新文献

Reproducibility and replicability of published empirical scientific evidence are fundamental for verifying key findings, identifying errors and/or boundary conditions, and upholding rigorous research standards. For this replication study, the primary goal was to assess the replicability of the findings from Wälchli et al. (2016), which investigated the role of augmented feedback (AF), external focus of attention (EF), and reward (RE), as well as a combination of these conditions on countermovement jump height. The original study sample included 18 resistance-trained male and female participants, while this replication included 38 (19 male, 19 female). Participants performed maximal countermovement jumps in six different conditions: neutral (NE), aF, RE, aF + EF, aF + RE, and aF + EF + RE. Results showed a non-significant effect of condition on jump height (p = 0.612, η_p ² = 0.015) which was in contrast to the original study. Furthermore, the replication effect size was not compatible with the original effect size estimate as it was significantly smaller. There was also no significant effect of condition on muscle excitation or kinetic variables. The present study demonstrated that each combination of AF, EF, and RE did not affect vertical jump performance. Therefore, we were unable to replicate the findings from the original study in this close replication.

This study investigates the relationship between GPS-derived external load metrics and game performance (win/loss) in NCAA Division I women's lacrosse athletes. Utilizing data from three seasons (2022-2024), the study analyzed 1,687 observations from 54 players to identify key performance indicators correlating with game outcomes. GPS metrics including Total Distance (TD), High-Speed Distance (HSD), Very High-Speed Efforts (VHSE), Total Player Load (TPL), High Inertial Movement Analysis (High IMAs), and Total Acceleration Load (TAL) were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression results indicate that VHSE is the most significant predictor of game success, with VHSE showing a positive correlation with winning outcomes (p = 0.007; OR = 1.017, 95% CI [1.005, 1.030]). Although other metrics like TD and TPL were significant in univariate models, their impact diminished in multivariate analysis, suggesting their effects are intertwined with other performance factors. The study highlights the importance of high-intensity efforts in game outcomes and provides insights for optimizing training strategies for female lacrosse athletes. These findings underscore the need for continued research into female athlete performance to better inform sport-specific training programs and enhance competitive success.

Lacrosse is an open-field, invasion sport with limited knowledge of the physiological demands of gameplay at the Division III level. This study aimed to investigate the external loads of Division III men's lacrosse players during NCAA season games. Comparisons were made between the external loads placed on the athletes in high competition versus those placed on the athletes in low competition matches. High competition matches were defined as matches against teams that qualified for the NCAA tournament whereas low competition matches included teams that did not meet high competition requirements. The dependent variables measured included total distance, work rate, intensity, 2D load, and 3D load. Defensive players were found to have significantly higher external load values for total distance (m; p=0.003, d=1.43), work rate (m/min; p=0.006, d=1.34), 2D load (AU; p=0.039, d=1.03), and 3D load (AU; p=0.022, d=1.15), while there were no significant differences (p>0.05) for other positions between competition level. Competition level exerts a higher external load for defensive players, but not attack, midfield, or specialists (goalie, face-off). This may indicate the need for specialized conditioning or active load management to deal with potential fatigue based on position and playing time.

Manual wheelchair users have been shown to have low functional capacity and limited ability to perform activities of daily living. Conventional protocols for assessing physical attributes such as muscle function in this population have unique boundaries such as expensive testing equipment and procedures not specific to wheelchair propulsion. The measurement of muscle function using electronic handgrip dynamometry has shown promise in assessing additional characteristics beyond strength capacity alone. This study aimed to determine the correlations of electronic handgrip dynamometry derived strength, time to peak force generation, fatigability (22.40±10.12%), isometric control, and asymmetry with aerobic capacity in ambulatory young adults. We included 34 recreationally active ambulatory adults aged 23.76±3.57 years. Muscle function was assessed using electronic handgrip dynamometry. Aerobic capacity was examined using the six-minute wheelchair push test (1112.17±92.84ft). Fatigability (22.40±10.12%) showed a significant, near moderate negative correlation (r=-0.345, p<0.05) with push test outcomes, while the correlation with all other measures was not-significant. Our findings show that electronic handgrip dynamometry derived fatigability is related to aerobic capacity in those who use manual wheelchairs. Given the relationships shown in the current study, electronic handgrip dynamometry has promise for assessing functional health in persons with disabilities, which has particular relevance for SCI, and could be used in clinical practice and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) as a tool to examine functional capacity in applicable populations. However, future research is warranted to assess the concurrent validity of the additional measures of handgrip strength assessing muscle function.

Although previous studies examining treadmill or relatively flat overground running events have found relationships for running performance and flexibility, no study has examined these outcomes during downhill events, including between sexes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between lower body flexibility and running performance in recreational adult male and female distance runners competing in a downhill half marathon race. Recreational (n=11 male, n=19 female) adult distance runners completed this study. On the day prior to the race, participants performed a standardized warm-up, followed by determining their sit-and-reach flexibility. The next day, individuals ran their race and their performance scores were recorded using the race organizers website. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were determined between race time and flexibility. Sex differences were determined using independent t-tests, with significance set at p<0.05. A significant relationship was observed across all participants for race performance and flexibility (r=0.42, p=0.01), but was not when separating out male (r=0.53, p=0.10) and female (r=0.32, p=0.19). Sex differences were observed for performance times (male: 6692.0±920.1 vs female: 7613.3±1073.5 sec., p=0.021, d=0.84), but not flexibility (male: 28.1±8.4 vs female: 32.9±10.8 cm, p=0.19, d=0.47). Flexibility is an important component of running performance, but may have less predictive ability by sex in downhill running performance in recreational runners.

There is currently an exponential increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity thus warranting the demand to appropriately measure and evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness within educational settings. The aims of this study were to (1) compare measured peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak), heart rate peak (HRpeak), and 1-min heart rate recovery (HRRec) responses obtained using a GXTmax and the PACER test; and (2) compare the VO₂peak from the GXTmax and PACER test to a PACER prediction equation (ScottEqua).

Methods: This study included 32 (16 boys) children. Despite not having maturational assessments on these children, we limited the subject's age range from 10-11 year old's to decrease the possibility of including additional variability in pubertal status. The participants were classified by body mass index for age and sex percentiles (BMI%) as Healthy-Weight (HW BMI% ≤ 85^th percentile) or At-Risk (AR BMI% > 85^th percentile). Participants completed the GXTmax and PACER tests while wearing a portable metabolic system to measure VO₂peak; and these measures were compared to the estimated VO₂peak using the ScottEqua. Group mean differences and correlation analysis were used to compare the testing and predictive procedures.

Results: We found no significant differences between the GXTmax and PACER VO₂peak; however, the Scott Equa VO₂peak was significantly greater than these measures. HRpeak was significantly greater during the GXTmax; but no significant HRRec were found.

Conclusions: The PACER and GXTmax provide similar VO₂peak measures; however, PACER prediction equations should be used with caution in children 10-11 years.

Participating in regular physical activity has been shown to increases one's quality of life. Individuals may choose not to participate in regular physical activity because of a perceived lack of time and enjoyment. With the potential of these barriers to decrease exercise adherence, the purpose of this study was to compare perceived exercise duration and enjoyment between a virtually interactive stationary bike and a clamped workload on a standard non-interactive stationary bike. Thirteen active participants completed a VO₂ peak test and four counterbalanced trials (two 20-min, two 40-min) with one trial at each duration on the interactive Expresso^TM bike (EXP) and a workload matched trial on a Velotron (VEL). Metabolic data (VO₂), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) was recorded every 5 minutes throughout the trial. Perceived duration and exercise enjoyment (measured by the PACES questionnaire) was assessed 15-minutes after the trial concluded. No significant differences were found for perceived duration (min) between EXP and VEL trials at both short and long duration. For the long duration Expresso^TM (LDE) trial, RPE-overall (RPE-O) was significantly lower at the 25-, 35-, and 40-min mark and RPE-legs (RPE-L) was significantly lower at the 25 min mark compared to the long duration Velotron (LDV) trial. Exercise enjoyment was significantly higher on both EXP trials (vs. VEL). Despite matched intensities, participants perceived the LDE trial more enjoyable and easier (based on RPE) at timepoints beyond 25-min. Virtually interactive cycling could lead to longer exercise durations and/or greater intensities vs. traditional cycling.

State mindfulness is a dynamic construct reflecting current mindfulness, or purposeful attention to the present moment with openness, non-judgment, non-reactivity, and acceptance. Despite its popularity and research in psychology and medicine, measuring state mindfulness remains a challenge. Validity and reliability of the State Mindfulness Scale (SMS) and State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) in applied settings like nature require more data to be established. This pilot study aimed to evaluate these scales and introduce a new, one-item scale, the Visual Analog Scale-Mindfulness (VAS-M), for quicker mindfulness assessment. Participants completed the SMS, SMS-PA, and VAS-M upon arrival at a desert trail, after 10 minutes of sitting, and after 10 minutes of walking. A subset repeated the intervention 24 hours later. The study found that the SMS and SMS-PA could be given before, during, and after nature immersion. The SMS-PA showed evidence of concurrent validity with the SMS (ρ = .89, p < .001). However, the VAS-M did not meet the criteria for concurrent validity with the other scales. None of the scales met the criteria for test-retest reliability. This study underscores the need to validate state mindfulness scales, especially in non-laboratory settings. While the SMS-PA shows promise, further validation and refinement of the VAS-M are needed. The findings enhance our understanding of measuring state mindfulness, particularly in natural environments. While the scales are already in use, our study helps address gaps in evidence and informs future decisions about their application.

Intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V) is related to health outcomes. The purpose of the study was to test an online diet program promoting F&V intake among healthy adults. Twenty-three participants were randomly assigned to complete an 8-week intervention condition (#800gChallenge®) or wait-list control condition. In weeks 1-4, intervention participants were asked to interact with an application reporting (a) whether they met their daily 800g F&V goal, (b) if their 800g of F&V was from a variety of sources, and (c) reading of daily educational material. Weeks 1-4 included weekly Zoom check-in meetings. Weeks 5-8 were autonomous, wherein participants reported in the application information regarding their 800g F&V goal. At baseline, 4-weeks, and 8-weeks, the participants were prompted to complete three Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment tool (ASA24) 24-hour diet recalls for generating Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores indicating diet quality. A two-way ANOVA was used to examine differences between the intervention and control groups in HEI total score, total vegetable, total fruit, and whole fruit component scores at baseline, 4-weeks, and 8-weeks. While no statistically significant differences in HEI scores were observed between groups, the intervention group showed promising improvements over the 8-week period. Notably, the intervention group increased their mean HEI total score, along with substantial gains in their total vegetable and total fruit consumption, indicating the intervention's potential for promoting healthier dietary patterns. These findings underscore the need for ongoing research to develop eHealth interventions of optimal duration and intensity that can drive meaningful improvements in the health of adults with poor diet quality.

Aerobic exercise has been shown to impact corticospinal excitability (CSE), however the mechanism(s) by which this occurs is unclear. Some evidence suggests an increase in blood lactate concentration resulting from exercise may be what is driving these changes in corticospinal excitability. The extent of literature examining this effect and whether it is consistent across the literature is unknown. As such, the objective of this scoping review was to summarize the existing literature examining the effect of lactate on corticospinal excitability and to determine any trend(s) in the effect. Embase, CINAHL, Medline, SPORTDiscus, and PsycInfo were systematically searched to retrieve original research reporting on blood lactate concentration and measures of corticospinal excitability associated with aerobic or high intensity interval exercise. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility, and one reviewer extracted data from all eligible studies. The database search yielded 717 papers of which 9 were determined eligible. Multiple studies in which participants completed high intensity and/or exhaustive exercise showed a correlation between large increases in blood lactate concentration and increased corticospinal excitability, however several other studies noted no difference in corticospinal excitability following an increase in blood lactate concentration. This review showed that the existing body of literature is small and highly variable in both methods and results, therefore we can draw limited conclusions about the role of lactate, however based on the evidence available lactate does not appear to be the key player in the modulation of CSE. In addition, evidence from other literature supports moderate intensity aerobic exercise as a modulator of neuroplasticity, suggesting that there may be other key factors contributing to the changes in the brain following exercise.