International Journal of Obesity最新文献

Background: Weight bias is a social justice issue that manifests in social and health inequities, affecting the lives of millions of individuals globally. Although weight bias research has increased over the last two decades, it remains pervasive, and more work is needed to establish effective strategies to reduce it. The 2024 International Weight Bias Summit aimed to collaboratively identify future research directions for prioritization as well as perceived barriers in the global field of weight bias and stigma. This paper presents the primary findings from the Summit.

Method: Experts in weight bias (N = 33 researchers, clinicians, representatives of professional/national organizations with interests in weight bias and stigma, and individuals with lived experiences) from across North and Latin America, Europe, and Australia attended the two-day Summit. Attendees participated in semi-structured small group discussions using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). Notes were collected from all discussions and thematically analyzed to identify the most prominent research directions and barriers that emerged from the Summit.

Results: Experts identified six key research directions (presented without hierarchical ranking): (1) consequences of weight bias, (2) conceptual and methodological clarity, (3) diversity in sampling, cultures, and settings, (4) interventions, (5) policy, and (6) implementation science. Three key barriers were also identified in weight bias and stigma research: (1) widespread misconceptions and lack of recognition of weight bias as a legitimate issue, (2) funding challenges, and (3) lack of collaborations and working in silos.

Conclusion: Experts identified six critical research directions that should be prioritized to advance weight bias and stigma research and drive meaningful progress. Continued international collaboration was recognized as essential to driving this work forward.

Background/objectives: The definition of clinical obesity was newly announced. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of preclinical obesity and clinical obesity either at baseline or determined during follow-ups with the risk of autoimmune diseases (s) incidence.

Subjects/methods: Data were collected from 229,190 participants in the UK Biobank. Dysfunctions caused by obesity, in combination with anthropometric parameters, were used to diagnose clinical obesity. Seven prevalent ADs were analysed, including seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (PRA), psoriasis (PSO), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), myasthenia gravis (MG), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). According to obesity and dysfunction status, participants were categorized into six clusters. Time-dependent Cox model was used to compare hazard ratios (HRs) for ADs incidence across six clusters.

Results: In a total of 4938 ADs incidence events over a mean follow-up of 13.3 years, participants in Cluster 6 (clinical obesity at baseline; HR = 2.48, 95% CI: 2.222.78) and Cluster 3 (non-obesity and dysfunction at baseline; HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.83-2.55) exhibited the highest multivariable-adjusted mortality risk compared with participants without obesity and dysfunction at baseline and during follow-up (Cluster 1). Specific ADs analyses showed consistently higher incidence risks in Cluster 6, notably in PSO and PRA (HR = 4.31, 95% CI: 3.58-5.19 and HR = 3.63, 95% CI: 2.54-5.18, respectively).

Conclusion: Clinical obesity was significantly associated with elevated ADs incidence risk. These findings underscore the importance of early screening and intervention of clinical obesity and dysfunctions due to obesity.

Background: Genetic and environmental factors are both associated with weight outcomes, but it remains unclear to what extent environmental exposures are consistently associated beyond genetic predisposition, and to what extent they modify genetic risk.

Methods: We meta-analyzed evidence on gene-environment interplay and individual variation in BMI and related outcomes, focusing on peer-reviewed studies examining environmental exposures and using polygenic indices for BMI. Six electronic databases (APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, ERIC, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, SocINDEX) were searched through April 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and quality criteria for gene-environment interaction studies.

Results: The meta-analysis included 1161 estimates from 88 studies: 153 estimates of main genetic associations, 283 of associations between environmental factors and BMI outcomes controlling for a polygenic index for BMI, and 725 of gene-environment interactions (G×E). Genetic predisposition for BMI was positively associated with BMI for all ancestry groups. The overall association between environmental exposures and BMI, controlling for genetic risk, was r = 0.12 (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.16) for both European and combined ancestry groups. Overall G×E effects ranged from r = 0.06 to 0.12 (all p < 0.001), depending on ancestry group and whether imputed effect sizes were included. Separate meta-analyses by type of environmental exposure yielded overall associations that were largely comparable in magnitude, consistent with moderation analyses indicating that there were no significant differences in effect sizes across different exposure categories.

Conclusions: This meta-analysis highlights the importance of both genetic and environmental factors in explaining variation in BMI. Most studies did not account for gene-environment correlation confounding and focused primarily on European ancestry populations. Future research should prioritize methodologies that address bias and focus on underrepresented ancestry groups to improve inclusivity.

Background and objective: The role of the microbiome and gut flora alterations in childhood obesity has drawn increasing scientific attention. However, large-scale, long-term cohort studies with real-world data on exposure and outcomes are lacking. We aimed to examine the association between exposure to antibiotics during infancy and the development of overweight and obesity during childhood and adolescence.

Methods: We conducted a historical cohort study using data from a large Israeli health provider (Maccabi Healthcare Services, MHS). Eligible patients born between 1998-2002 who received antibiotics before age 2 years were compared with unexposed infants. Valid body mass index (BMI) data were available for 76,840 eligible infants, including 65280 exposed to antibiotics (52.2% males) and 11,560 unexposed (46.1% males). Study outcomes were overweight and obesity during childhood/ adolescence.

Results: Compared to unexposed, antibiotic-exposed infants had significantly higher mean ( ± SE) BMI percentiles in all age groups: childhood (57.8 ± 0.1 vs 55.0 ± 0.2), early adolescence (58.2 ± 0.1 vs. 55.1 ± 0.3), and late adolescence (57.4 ± 0.2 vs. 55.0 ± 0.4), all p < 0.001. The odds of overweight and obesity versus unexposed infants increased significantly (p < 0.001) with the number of dispensed narrow-spectrum antibiotic packs, from an odds ratio of 1.15 (95%CI: 1.02-1.29) for 1-2 packs, to 1.52 (95%CI: 1.13-2.05) among those exposed to 10 or more packs. No such association was found for broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Conclusions: Exposure to narrow spectrum antibiotics during infancy was associated with a higher BMI and an increased likelihood of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence.

Background: Magnet-assisted bariatric surgery (MABS) represents a novel advancement in minimally invasive surgical techniques. It addresses challenges associated with obesity-related anatomical complexities, such as hepatomegaly and fatty liver disease, by enhancing surgical exposure and site visualization.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to: (1) compare the efficacy of MABS and conventional bariatric surgery for weight loss and postoperative outcomes; (2) assess their safety profiles; and (3) evaluate perioperative recovery, hospital stay, and patient-reported outcomes like quality of life and satisfaction.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of science, Google scholar and Cochrane databases. Data were extracted and synthesized to provide quantitative assessment of MABS's performance.

Results: A total of 12 articles comprising 1305 participants were included. The findings confirmed MABS's feasibility and safety, with significant advantages across varying BMI ranges. Notable benefits included improved surgical exposure, shorter or comparable operative times, reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, low complication rates and no procedure-related mortality.

Conclusion: MABS demonstrated strong potential as an innovative tool in minimally invasive bariatric surgery, offering significant benefits for both patients and surgical teams. Its ability to address obesity-related challenges and enhance surgical outcomes supports its continued use and refinement. Future research should focus on stratified analyses, long-term outcomes, and economic evaluations to establish standardized criteria for patient selection and expand its applicability to other minimally invasive procedures.

Rising obesity rates necessitate sustainable weight management strategies. Current lifestyle guidelines focus on reducing caloric intake through personalized interventions to promote compliance. This secondary analysis evaluated post-intervention sustainability of time-restricted eating (TRE) versus caloric restriction (CR), hypothesizing that TRE's "watching the clock" approach may be more sustainable than CR's "watching calories." Following a 12-week supervised intervention (TRE: 8-h eating window, n = 29; CR: 15% caloric reduction, n = 26), 41 participants (75%; 24 F/17 M; 23 TRE/18 CR; age 43.1 ± 11.6 years; BMI 34.7 ± 5.4 kg/m²) completed follow-up surveys at 1, 3, and 6 months. TRE participants maintained weight across all follow-ups compared to final intervention weight. CR participants showed significant loss at 1 month (-1.6 ± 2.5 kg, p = 0.02), returning to baseline by 3 months. Both interventions had similar continuation rates (1,3,6 months: TRE: 52%, 36%, 47%; CR: 63%, 57%, 50%; p = 0.60) and recommendation rates (TRE: 81%, 85%, 86%; CR: 88%, 86%, 80%; p = 0.72). TRE participants reported improved sleep, energy, and digestion but experienced morning hunger and scheduling challenges. CR participants noted increased food mindfulness but reported tracking anxiety, cravings, and potential binge eating. Despite limitations including small sample size and self-reported weight, both self-sustained TRE and CR showed similar acceptability and weight maintenance at 3-6 months post-intervention. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04259632.

Background/objectives: Lipedema is a chronic adipose tissue disorder characterized by disproportionate fat accumulation, pain, and low-grade systemic inflammation, primarily affecting women. This study investigated the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), adherence to the Mediterranean diet scores (MDS), inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α and IL-6), and clinical outcomes in women with lipedema.

Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 female participants with stage 2-3 lipedema and BMI between 30-40 kg/m². Using three-day dietary records, DII was calculated. MDS was measured by Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screening Tool. Pain and quality of life were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Short Form-12 (SF-12), respectively. Body composition was measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis, and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA.

Results: DII score was positively associated with elevated TNF-α and IL-6 concentration (p < 0.001). DII was moderately and positively correlated with both inflammatory markers, while MDS showed moderate negative correlations. Multiple linear regression models identified DII, MDS, and body mass index (BMI) as significant predictors of TNF-α and IL-6 concentration. No significant associations were observed between DII or MDS and pain (VAS) or quality of life (SF-12) scores, although mental component scores were slightly higher in participants with moderate DII levels compared to those with higher DII levels. Higher DII and BMI were linked to increased inflammation, while higher MDS was associated with lower biomarker levels. Age and disease duration were not significant in any model.

Conclusions: A pro-inflammatory diet, as reflected by higher DII, is associated with increased systemic inflammation in lipedema. These findings highlight the potential role of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet, as part of non-pharmacological strategies for managing inflammation in lipedema. These findings suggest that while dietary inflammatory potential influences systemic inflammation, its relationship with pain and quality of life remains unclear and warrants further interventional studies.

Background: Circulating S100 β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) have been used to explore brain damage in adults with obesity. Nonetheless, the subtle increase of these molecules can be found in non-pathological conditions in healthy subjects, indicating possible disturbances in brain function.

Objective: We aimed to compare serum levels of S100β and NSE between children with and without obesity.

Subjects and methods: We analyzed circulating S100β and NSE and performed correlations with anthropometry and biochemical parameters from 80 children between 6 and 11 years old, divided into two groups: children with obesity (Body mass index ≥97th percentile) and children with normal body weight (between the 5th and 85th percentile).

Results: Our results show that children with obesity have approximately 50% more circulating levels of S100β and NSE. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between S100β and circulating resistin and a positive correlation between NSE and Body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Conversely, NSE and adiponectin showed a negative correlation.

Conclusion: S100β and NSE levels in blood were associated with indicators of metabolic impairment. Future studies are needed to determine if the increase of S100β and NSE in children with obesity is related to cognitive function.