Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190403.13
Saud A. Alanazi, Ali Suleeman Alfaifi, Ali A. Abusharha, R. Fagehi, A. Alsaqr, Gamal A. El‐Hiti, Ali M. Masmali
Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ( 0.05). No significant differences in TF grades and PRT and TBUT scores were observed between pre- and post-vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy controls. For the study group, there were strong correlations between measurements of PRT (OD) and PRT (OS) and between TBUT (OD) and TBUT (OS) pre- and post-vitamin D3 supplementation. No correlation was found between TF (OD) and TF (OS) grades pre- and post-vitamin D3 supplementation. The TF test suggests that short-term oral vitamin D3 supplementation can improve the quality of tears in dry eye subjects. Oral vitamin D3 supplementation can be potentially used as an effective treatment for subjects with dry eye symptoms. Our study offers important insights into how vitamin D3 supplementation can improve tear film in dry eye patients and in turn improving patients’ quality of life. Future studies are needed to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the stability of the tear film.
{"title":"Effect of Short-Term Oral Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Tear Film in Dry Eye Subjects","authors":"Saud A. Alanazi, Ali Suleeman Alfaifi, Ali A. Abusharha, R. Fagehi, A. Alsaqr, Gamal A. El‐Hiti, Ali M. Masmali","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190403.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190403.13","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ( 0.05). No significant differences in TF grades and PRT and TBUT scores were observed between pre- and post-vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy controls. For the study group, there were strong correlations between measurements of PRT (OD) and PRT (OS) and between TBUT (OD) and TBUT (OS) pre- and post-vitamin D3 supplementation. No correlation was found between TF (OD) and TF (OS) grades pre- and post-vitamin D3 supplementation. The TF test suggests that short-term oral vitamin D3 supplementation can improve the quality of tears in dry eye subjects. Oral vitamin D3 supplementation can be potentially used as an effective treatment for subjects with dry eye symptoms. Our study offers important insights into how vitamin D3 supplementation can improve tear film in dry eye patients and in turn improving patients’ quality of life. Future studies are needed to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the stability of the tear film.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87274728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-23DOI: 10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190403.12
S. Kodavoor, Raline Solomon Amalakaran, D. Ramamurthy
Aim: To compare surgical outcomes of pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft using Sutures and Autologous blood for primary pterygium. Materials and methods: Retrospective study done in 404 eyes with primary pterygium. Excision of the pterygium and conjunctival autograft fixation using sutures (group 1) or Autologous blood (group 2). Graft related complications such as recurrence, graft loss, graft retraction, granuloma were noted and compared between the two groups. Result: The average time taken for surgery was 10.66 ± 0.89 (group 1) and 10.44 ± 0.77 (group 2) (p=0.009). The recurrence rate following pterygium surgery was noted in 5eyes (2.5%) in group 1, and 10 eyes (4.9%) in group 2. Graft retraction was seen in 13 eyes in group 1,57 eyes in group 2, of the eyes with graft retraction only 2 eyes in group 1, and 7 eyes in group 2 developed recurrence (p=0.763). Graft loss was seen in 3eyes (1.49%) and in 7eyes (3.44%) in group 2, all patients who developed graft loss developed graft recurrence. Granuloma formation was seen in 2 eyes (0.99%) in group 1 and in 1eye (0.49%) in group 2. The cost of pterygium surgery using glue and autologous blood for conjunctival autograft fixation is much less than procuring and using fibrin glue. Conclusion: Fixing of graft and suturing it in place is important to prevent recurrence. Duration of surgical procedure is comparable. Recurrence and retraction rates are slightly higher in autologous blood group, but not statistically significant. Hence both sutures and autologous blood are very good treatment options for our patients with primary pterygium.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Two Low Cost Graft Fixation Procedures in Pterygium Surgery in a Developing Country","authors":"S. Kodavoor, Raline Solomon Amalakaran, D. Ramamurthy","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190403.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190403.12","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare surgical outcomes of pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft using Sutures and Autologous blood for primary pterygium. Materials and methods: Retrospective study done in 404 eyes with primary pterygium. Excision of the pterygium and conjunctival autograft fixation using sutures (group 1) or Autologous blood (group 2). Graft related complications such as recurrence, graft loss, graft retraction, granuloma were noted and compared between the two groups. Result: The average time taken for surgery was 10.66 ± 0.89 (group 1) and 10.44 ± 0.77 (group 2) (p=0.009). The recurrence rate following pterygium surgery was noted in 5eyes (2.5%) in group 1, and 10 eyes (4.9%) in group 2. Graft retraction was seen in 13 eyes in group 1,57 eyes in group 2, of the eyes with graft retraction only 2 eyes in group 1, and 7 eyes in group 2 developed recurrence (p=0.763). Graft loss was seen in 3eyes (1.49%) and in 7eyes (3.44%) in group 2, all patients who developed graft loss developed graft recurrence. Granuloma formation was seen in 2 eyes (0.99%) in group 1 and in 1eye (0.49%) in group 2. The cost of pterygium surgery using glue and autologous blood for conjunctival autograft fixation is much less than procuring and using fibrin glue. Conclusion: Fixing of graft and suturing it in place is important to prevent recurrence. Duration of surgical procedure is comparable. Recurrence and retraction rates are slightly higher in autologous blood group, but not statistically significant. Hence both sutures and autologous blood are very good treatment options for our patients with primary pterygium.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91130066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190403.11
Kassoula Batomaguela Nonon-Saa, Dadjo Amouzou Abbevi Eli Abbey, D. Amouzou, N. Maneh, Adam Nouhou Diori, Isreal Tchodjoou, R. M. Wamba, K. Vonor, K. M. Amedome, K. D. Ayéna, K. Balo
Malignant hypertension, which was defined as the association of a severe elevation of blood pressure with retinopathy stage III or IV according to KEITH and WAGENER, now takes into account the involvement of the noble organs such as central nervous system, heart and kidneys. It is this attack that determines the severity, urgency and vital prognosis of this pathology. Uncommon in children and teenagers, malignant hypertension often secondary, involving kidney in the most cases. It is a therapeutic emergency because it is at risk to progress into hypertensive encephalopathy, stroke, acute renal failure, or heart failure, all of which represent its usual pattern of discovery. We report the case of malignant hypertension in a teenager without personal pass history of hypertension. The singularity of this report case is the uncommon mode of his discovery: isolated bilateral visual impairment. This clinical case challenges us and reminds the interest of the funduscopic examination during ophthalmological consultation, and teaches us that taking the blood pressure of a teenager who consults for an isolated bilateral decrease of vision is not without interest. Early recognition and management of malignant hypertension, are fundamental to any improvement in prognosis of this serious disease.
{"title":"Malignant Hypertensive Retinopathy Revealing Bilateral Renal Atrophy in Adolescent at Chu-Campus of Lomé","authors":"Kassoula Batomaguela Nonon-Saa, Dadjo Amouzou Abbevi Eli Abbey, D. Amouzou, N. Maneh, Adam Nouhou Diori, Isreal Tchodjoou, R. M. Wamba, K. Vonor, K. M. Amedome, K. D. Ayéna, K. Balo","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190403.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190403.11","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant hypertension, which was defined as the association of a severe elevation of blood pressure with retinopathy stage III or IV according to KEITH and WAGENER, now takes into account the involvement of the noble organs such as central nervous system, heart and kidneys. It is this attack that determines the severity, urgency and vital prognosis of this pathology. Uncommon in children and teenagers, malignant hypertension often secondary, involving kidney in the most cases. It is a therapeutic emergency because it is at risk to progress into hypertensive encephalopathy, stroke, acute renal failure, or heart failure, all of which represent its usual pattern of discovery. We report the case of malignant hypertension in a teenager without personal pass history of hypertension. The singularity of this report case is the uncommon mode of his discovery: isolated bilateral visual impairment. This clinical case challenges us and reminds the interest of the funduscopic examination during ophthalmological consultation, and teaches us that taking the blood pressure of a teenager who consults for an isolated bilateral decrease of vision is not without interest. Early recognition and management of malignant hypertension, are fundamental to any improvement in prognosis of this serious disease.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89953472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-16DOI: 10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190402.12
Saud A. Alanazi, Ali A. Abusharha, R. Fagehi, A. Alsaqr, Gamal A. El‐Hiti, Raed Ali Alahmari, Faisal Abdullah Alenazi, Khalid Mansour Alnassar, Ali M. Masmali
Background: Smoking cigarettes is associated with many chronic illnesses such as cancer, heart diseases, and cataract. In addition, smokers are more likely to develop dry eye symptoms compared with nonsmokers. Purpose: To assess the tear evaporation rate in chronic smokers using a VapoMeter. Materials and Method: This observational, case-control and non-randomized study included one hundred and twenty male smokers that ranged in age from 18 to 43 years (mean ± SD = 25.4±5.8 years). An age (18-43 years) matching control group (120 male subjects), with a mean age of 26.1±5.2 years participated in the study. Each participant completed the ocular surface disease index dry eye questionnaire, then a VapoMeter was used to determine the tear evaporation rate. Result: Significant (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; p<0.05) differences were found between the average scores collected from the ocular surface disease index and the tear evaporation rate measurements within the smokers and nonsmokers groups. The average tear evaporation rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the study group [median (interquartile range; IQR) = 37.7 (59.3) g/m2h] compared with that obtained in control group [15.4 (13.1) g/m2h]. Moreover, the average score from the ocular surface disease index in smokers was significantly (p<0.05) higher [15.4 (13.1)] compared with that obtained in the control group [5.4 (5.5)]. Conclusion: Smokers have significant higher tear evaporation rates compared with nonsmokers and normal eye subjects. Clearly, VapoMeter can be used as a reliable tool to assess the eye dryness due to excessive evaporation of tears. Smoking is a risk factor for cancer, heart diseases, and cataract. In addition, smoking is a risk factor for eye dryness and contributes to evaporative dry eye disease, more likely due to the disturbance in the non-polar lipid layer within the tear film. Lipid-rich eye drops could be used to manage dry eye symptoms in smoker subjects. Moreover, smoking cessation remains the single most effective prophylactic measure to avoid dry eye symptoms.
{"title":"Assessment of the Tear Evaporation Rate in Chronic Smokers Using Delfin VapoMeter","authors":"Saud A. Alanazi, Ali A. Abusharha, R. Fagehi, A. Alsaqr, Gamal A. El‐Hiti, Raed Ali Alahmari, Faisal Abdullah Alenazi, Khalid Mansour Alnassar, Ali M. Masmali","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190402.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190402.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smoking cigarettes is associated with many chronic illnesses such as cancer, heart diseases, and cataract. In addition, smokers are more likely to develop dry eye symptoms compared with nonsmokers. Purpose: To assess the tear evaporation rate in chronic smokers using a VapoMeter. Materials and Method: This observational, case-control and non-randomized study included one hundred and twenty male smokers that ranged in age from 18 to 43 years (mean ± SD = 25.4±5.8 years). An age (18-43 years) matching control group (120 male subjects), with a mean age of 26.1±5.2 years participated in the study. Each participant completed the ocular surface disease index dry eye questionnaire, then a VapoMeter was used to determine the tear evaporation rate. Result: Significant (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; p<0.05) differences were found between the average scores collected from the ocular surface disease index and the tear evaporation rate measurements within the smokers and nonsmokers groups. The average tear evaporation rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the study group [median (interquartile range; IQR) = 37.7 (59.3) g/m2h] compared with that obtained in control group [15.4 (13.1) g/m2h]. Moreover, the average score from the ocular surface disease index in smokers was significantly (p<0.05) higher [15.4 (13.1)] compared with that obtained in the control group [5.4 (5.5)]. Conclusion: Smokers have significant higher tear evaporation rates compared with nonsmokers and normal eye subjects. Clearly, VapoMeter can be used as a reliable tool to assess the eye dryness due to excessive evaporation of tears. Smoking is a risk factor for cancer, heart diseases, and cataract. In addition, smoking is a risk factor for eye dryness and contributes to evaporative dry eye disease, more likely due to the disturbance in the non-polar lipid layer within the tear film. Lipid-rich eye drops could be used to manage dry eye symptoms in smoker subjects. Moreover, smoking cessation remains the single most effective prophylactic measure to avoid dry eye symptoms.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89154172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-11DOI: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20190402.11
Sheng Zhou, Jing Yang
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the ER stress activation in human primary pterygium. Methods and materials: Human primary pterygium or normal Tenon's capsule tissues were obtained from patients with primary pterygium following surgical excision or from normal human fresh cadaver eyes. The tissues were processed within 2 hours. The mRNA or protein specimens were extracted from those tissues for analysis, cryosections of those tissues were prepared for immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors in those tissues were detected by qPCR analysis and the related proteins levels were detected by qPCR analysis and immunohistochemical staining or western blotting. Results: The ER stress-related gene transcription levels of GRP78，spliced XBP-1, ATF4 and ATF6 and the protein expression levels of GRP78, p-IRE1α, p-eIF2α and ATF6 were all increased in the human primary pterygium tissues when compared with the normal control tissues. Conclusion: The results in this study suggest that the three unfolded protein response pathways are all activated in the human primary pterygium tissues, which indicates that the ER stress is involved in the progression of pterygium, and also suggests a potential mechanism of ER stress-induced inflammation in the human primary pterygium tissues.
{"title":"Involvement of ER Stress in Human Primary Pterygium","authors":"Sheng Zhou, Jing Yang","doi":"10.11648/j.ijovs.20190402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20190402.11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the ER stress activation in human primary pterygium. Methods and materials: Human primary pterygium or normal Tenon's capsule tissues were obtained from patients with primary pterygium following surgical excision or from normal human fresh cadaver eyes. The tissues were processed within 2 hours. The mRNA or protein specimens were extracted from those tissues for analysis, cryosections of those tissues were prepared for immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors in those tissues were detected by qPCR analysis and the related proteins levels were detected by qPCR analysis and immunohistochemical staining or western blotting. Results: The ER stress-related gene transcription levels of GRP78，spliced XBP-1, ATF4 and ATF6 and the protein expression levels of GRP78, p-IRE1α, p-eIF2α and ATF6 were all increased in the human primary pterygium tissues when compared with the normal control tissues. Conclusion: The results in this study suggest that the three unfolded protein response pathways are all activated in the human primary pterygium tissues, which indicates that the ER stress is involved in the progression of pterygium, and also suggests a potential mechanism of ER stress-induced inflammation in the human primary pterygium tissues.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84578222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-11DOI: 10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.15
Tal Paz, N. Levy, H. Leiba, Daniel A. Rappoport
Background: The role of early neuroimaging in older vasculopathic patients presenting with acute isolated ocular motor nerve palsy is still being debated. We wanted to demonstrate the approach differences between neurologists and ophthalmologists, and examine the role of early neuroimaging in managing acute ocular motor mononeuropathies. Methods: Retrospective chart review. Patients ≥ 50 years with vasculopathic risk factors, presenting with acute isolated third, fourth or sixth cranial nerve palsies. We compared the rate of early neuroimaging referral between neurologists and ophthalmologists at initial presentation, and assessed the proportion of cases in which the final diagnosis has changed after early neuroimaging, in a single medical center. Results: 54 patients were included. After excluding patients with third nerve palsy, the rate of patients referred to early neuroimaging was significantly greater when initially presented to a neurologist compared with an ophthalmologist (29/38 patients were referred to early neuroimaging, of whom twenty by a neurologist and nine by an ophthalmologist, p<0.001). Out of 38 patients presented with fourth or sixth nerve palsies, only 4/38 (10%) were found to have a cause other than presumed microvascular ischemia, and only 2/29 (7%) patients referred to neuroimaging were found to have a causative lesion. Conclusions: The decision to perform early neuroimaging in older patients with acute isolated 4th or 6th nerve palsies and vasculopathic risk factors could be weighed against observation alone. Thorough history taking and prudent physical examination are important for identifying patients with greater risks, therefore needing early neuroimaging.
{"title":"Role of Early Neuroimaging in Managing Acute Isolated Ocular Motor Nerve Palsies","authors":"Tal Paz, N. Levy, H. Leiba, Daniel A. Rappoport","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The role of early neuroimaging in older vasculopathic patients presenting with acute isolated ocular motor nerve palsy is still being debated. We wanted to demonstrate the approach differences between neurologists and ophthalmologists, and examine the role of early neuroimaging in managing acute ocular motor mononeuropathies. Methods: Retrospective chart review. Patients ≥ 50 years with vasculopathic risk factors, presenting with acute isolated third, fourth or sixth cranial nerve palsies. We compared the rate of early neuroimaging referral between neurologists and ophthalmologists at initial presentation, and assessed the proportion of cases in which the final diagnosis has changed after early neuroimaging, in a single medical center. Results: 54 patients were included. After excluding patients with third nerve palsy, the rate of patients referred to early neuroimaging was significantly greater when initially presented to a neurologist compared with an ophthalmologist (29/38 patients were referred to early neuroimaging, of whom twenty by a neurologist and nine by an ophthalmologist, p<0.001). Out of 38 patients presented with fourth or sixth nerve palsies, only 4/38 (10%) were found to have a cause other than presumed microvascular ischemia, and only 2/29 (7%) patients referred to neuroimaging were found to have a causative lesion. Conclusions: The decision to perform early neuroimaging in older patients with acute isolated 4th or 6th nerve palsies and vasculopathic risk factors could be weighed against observation alone. Thorough history taking and prudent physical examination are important for identifying patients with greater risks, therefore needing early neuroimaging.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76440960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.14
Prathibha Shanthaveerappa, Remya Joseph Parappallil
Background: Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) occurs due to reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus within the gasserian ganglion involving the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. HZO often has a chronic course with significant ocular morbidity as eye is considered potentially serious of all sites of herpes zoster owing to its delicate nature. Purpose:1. To study the mode of presentation, ocular manifestations and complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) 2. To analyse the predisposing factors for the development of HZO. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was done in 20 patients who were clinically diagnosed with HZO in the outpatient department of ophthalmology over a period of one year. They were subjected to a detailed general and ocular examination and were treated medically with close follow up. Result: Advancing age was the most common risk factor. Acute neuralgia was the commonest presenting symptom (75%). Ocular involvement was seen in 16 patients with no bilaterality. Conjunctiva (60%) was the most common ocular structure involved followed by Cornea (45%). Anterior uveitis (20%) was complicated by haemorrhagic uveitis and orbital apex syndrome with total external ophthalmoplegia. Post herpetic neuralgia was the commonest complication seen. Conclusion: The potential manifestations of HZO are myriad. Development of serious inflammatory complications was associated with delay in therapy. Hence timely diagnosis and management are critical in limiting ocular morbidity
{"title":"The Clinical Profile and Ocular Manifestations of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus- A Hospital Based Study","authors":"Prathibha Shanthaveerappa, Remya Joseph Parappallil","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) occurs due to reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus within the gasserian ganglion involving the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. HZO often has a chronic course with significant ocular morbidity as eye is considered potentially serious of all sites of herpes zoster owing to its delicate nature. Purpose:1. To study the mode of presentation, ocular manifestations and complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) 2. To analyse the predisposing factors for the development of HZO. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was done in 20 patients who were clinically diagnosed with HZO in the outpatient department of ophthalmology over a period of one year. They were subjected to a detailed general and ocular examination and were treated medically with close follow up. Result: Advancing age was the most common risk factor. Acute neuralgia was the commonest presenting symptom (75%). Ocular involvement was seen in 16 patients with no bilaterality. Conjunctiva (60%) was the most common ocular structure involved followed by Cornea (45%). Anterior uveitis (20%) was complicated by haemorrhagic uveitis and orbital apex syndrome with total external ophthalmoplegia. Post herpetic neuralgia was the commonest complication seen. Conclusion: The potential manifestations of HZO are myriad. Development of serious inflammatory complications was associated with delay in therapy. Hence timely diagnosis and management are critical in limiting ocular morbidity","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81536282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-13DOI: 10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.13
Ren Fengyue, He Shuxi
Keratoconus is a common non-inflammatory, bilateral progressive corneal dilatation disease, often leading to progressive thinning of the corneal stromal layer, the central region of the cornea is conical, clinical manifestations of high myopia and irregular astigmatism, The normal life of the patient is greatly inconvenient. Therefore, timely and effective treatment is extremely important to improve the visual quality of patients and their physical and mental health. In the early stage of the patient, vision correction can be performed by wearing a frame mirror or a contact lens; as the lesion progresses, the former is insufficient for correction, and corneal stroma implantation, corneal collagen cross-linking, and keratoplasty are feasible. Numerous studies have confirmed that this treatment can effectively improve and maintain the visual quality of patients. In recent years, new treatment methods such as matrix regeneration, matrix lens transplantation and scleral mirror have gradually become research hotspots at home and abroad. This article reviews the current major treatments for keratoconus and its new developments.
{"title":"The Current Status and New Research Progress of Keratoconus Treatment","authors":"Ren Fengyue, He Shuxi","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.13","url":null,"abstract":"Keratoconus is a common non-inflammatory, bilateral progressive corneal dilatation disease, often leading to progressive thinning of the corneal stromal layer, the central region of the cornea is conical, clinical manifestations of high myopia and irregular astigmatism, The normal life of the patient is greatly inconvenient. Therefore, timely and effective treatment is extremely important to improve the visual quality of patients and their physical and mental health. In the early stage of the patient, vision correction can be performed by wearing a frame mirror or a contact lens; as the lesion progresses, the former is insufficient for correction, and corneal stroma implantation, corneal collagen cross-linking, and keratoplasty are feasible. Numerous studies have confirmed that this treatment can effectively improve and maintain the visual quality of patients. In recent years, new treatment methods such as matrix regeneration, matrix lens transplantation and scleral mirror have gradually become research hotspots at home and abroad. This article reviews the current major treatments for keratoconus and its new developments.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73581000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-25DOI: 10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.12
Jun Chen, W. Zhao, Zacharia Ackbarkhan, Jianfeng He, Yi Du
The aim of this study is to compare the clinical features between nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and optic neuritis (ON) in Chinese patients. The clinical features of 23 cases (23 eyes) of NAION and 62 cases (80 eyes) of ON, including their general conditions, manifestations, auxiliary examinations were retrospectively compared. Simultaneous onset of bilateral eye (29.03% vs. 0%, p=0.009) and pain on movement of the eyes (23.75% vs. 0%, p=0.022) were more common in ON patients in comparison to NAION patients. Ocular pain (32.5% vs. 4.35%, p=0.007) was higher in ON patients than that in NAION patients. Optic disc edema (100% vs. 62.5%, p<0.001), peripapillary hemorrhage (47.83% vs. 10%, p<0.001) and peripapillary hard exudates (17.39% vs. 1.25%, p=0.009) in NAION patients were more common compared to ON patients,. During fluorescein angiography, the rates of the partial or whole papillary hypofluorescent in early phase (65.21% vs. 22.86%, p<0.001), peripapillary choroidal filling delay (73.91% vs. 14.29%, p<0.001) and partial papillary hyperfluorescent in later phase (52.17% vs. 25.71%, p=0.019) were higher in NAION patients than those in ON patients. The clinical features of NAION and ON in Chinese patients reveal a surprising overlap and they still have some characteristic clinical features that can be utilized to differentiate the two diseases.
本研究的目的是比较中国非动脉性前缺血性视神经病变(NAION)和视神经炎(ON)患者的临床特征。回顾性比较23例(23眼)NAION和62例(80眼)ON的临床特点，包括一般情况、表现、辅助检查。双眼同时发病(29.03% vs. 0%， p=0.009)和眼动疼痛(23.75% vs. 0%， p=0.022)在on患者中比NAION患者更常见。ON患者的眼痛(32.5% vs. 4.35%， p=0.007)高于NAION患者。NAION患者视盘水肿(100% vs. 62.5%， p<0.001)、乳头周围出血(47.83% vs. 10%， p<0.001)和乳头周围硬渗出(17.39% vs. 1.25%， p=0.009)较ON患者更为常见。在荧光素血管造影中，NAION患者早期部分或全部乳头状低荧光(65.21%比22.86%，p<0.001)、乳头周围脉管炎充血延迟(73.91%比14.29%，p<0.001)和晚期部分乳头状高荧光(52.17%比25.71%，p=0.019)的比例高于ON患者。中国患者的NAION和ON的临床特征有惊人的重叠，它们仍然具有一些特征性的临床特征，可以用来区分两种疾病。
{"title":"Clinical Differences Between Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Optic Neuritis in Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Comparative Case Series Study","authors":"Jun Chen, W. Zhao, Zacharia Ackbarkhan, Jianfeng He, Yi Du","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to compare the clinical features between nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and optic neuritis (ON) in Chinese patients. The clinical features of 23 cases (23 eyes) of NAION and 62 cases (80 eyes) of ON, including their general conditions, manifestations, auxiliary examinations were retrospectively compared. Simultaneous onset of bilateral eye (29.03% vs. 0%, p=0.009) and pain on movement of the eyes (23.75% vs. 0%, p=0.022) were more common in ON patients in comparison to NAION patients. Ocular pain (32.5% vs. 4.35%, p=0.007) was higher in ON patients than that in NAION patients. Optic disc edema (100% vs. 62.5%, p<0.001), peripapillary hemorrhage (47.83% vs. 10%, p<0.001) and peripapillary hard exudates (17.39% vs. 1.25%, p=0.009) in NAION patients were more common compared to ON patients,. During fluorescein angiography, the rates of the partial or whole papillary hypofluorescent in early phase (65.21% vs. 22.86%, p<0.001), peripapillary choroidal filling delay (73.91% vs. 14.29%, p<0.001) and partial papillary hyperfluorescent in later phase (52.17% vs. 25.71%, p=0.019) were higher in NAION patients than those in ON patients. The clinical features of NAION and ON in Chinese patients reveal a surprising overlap and they still have some characteristic clinical features that can be utilized to differentiate the two diseases.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86538499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-14DOI: 10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.11
Sumeet Chopra, P. S. Sodhi, Akash Goel, Sehajpreet Kaur, G. Bajwa
To determine macular and choroidal thickness in healthy north Indian eyes and determine its variation with age and height using SD-OCT. The macula of 400 randomly selected healthy subjects (800 eyes) with no retinal and choroidal pathology was imaged with Cirrus SD-OCT. Macular thickness from all 9 regions of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study was evaluated. Choroid was visualized by enhanced depth imaging technique. Choroidal thickness was measured sub foveally and at 500 microns intervals upto 1500 microns temporal and nasal to the fovea. The mean age of the subjects was 33.60 years ± 14.033 and mean height was 163.5 cms ± 11.715. Mean central macular thickness (CMT) was 242.59 µm ± 16.802 and mean sub foveal choroidal thickness was 325.18 µm ± 47.087. CMT correlated significantly (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) with age (r=0.120, p<0.001) and height (r=0.258, p<0.001). Choroidal thickness decreased with age and the correlation was statistically significant. Choroidal thickness also decreased with height with a statistically significant correlation, but no specific pattern was found. This normative database of choroidal and macular thickness by OCT will serve as baseline for diagnosing retinal pathologies and help in future research.
{"title":"Normative Study to Correlate the Effects of Morphological Variables on Macular and Choroidal Thickness Using SD-OCT","authors":"Sumeet Chopra, P. S. Sodhi, Akash Goel, Sehajpreet Kaur, G. Bajwa","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190401.11","url":null,"abstract":"To determine macular and choroidal thickness in healthy north Indian eyes and determine its variation with age and height using SD-OCT. The macula of 400 randomly selected healthy subjects (800 eyes) with no retinal and choroidal pathology was imaged with Cirrus SD-OCT. Macular thickness from all 9 regions of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study was evaluated. Choroid was visualized by enhanced depth imaging technique. Choroidal thickness was measured sub foveally and at 500 microns intervals upto 1500 microns temporal and nasal to the fovea. The mean age of the subjects was 33.60 years ± 14.033 and mean height was 163.5 cms ± 11.715. Mean central macular thickness (CMT) was 242.59 µm ± 16.802 and mean sub foveal choroidal thickness was 325.18 µm ± 47.087. CMT correlated significantly (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) with age (r=0.120, p<0.001) and height (r=0.258, p<0.001). Choroidal thickness decreased with age and the correlation was statistically significant. Choroidal thickness also decreased with height with a statistically significant correlation, but no specific pattern was found. This normative database of choroidal and macular thickness by OCT will serve as baseline for diagnosing retinal pathologies and help in future research.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75778725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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