International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Virtual Reality Head-mounted Displays on Oculomotor Functions","authors":"Mosaad Alhassan, F. Alhamad, Kholoud A. Bokhary, A. Almustanyir","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20210601.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20210601.12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) video games played using virtual reality head-mounted displays (VR-HMDs) are becoming increasingly popular. However, the use of this technology may lead to visual symptoms and discomfort by disrupting the normal linkage between the accommodation and vergence systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of playing 3D video games using VR-HMDs on different oculomotor functions (i.e., accommodation and/or vergence system parameters) and to quantify symptoms associated with playing games using VR-HMD technology. Methods: Twenty –six male and female young adults (age range 19–27 years) with normal binocular vision completed this study. Different clinical accommodative and vergence measurements were collected before and after playing 3D video games using a VR-HMD system for 45 minutes. In addition, visual- and non–visual-related symptoms were measured before and after the video game sessions using the standardized Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. Results: The majority of accommodative parameters—including negative relative accommodation, accommodative accuracy, and monocular and binocular accommodative facilities—were significantly affected after playing 3D video games. With respect to vergence system measurements, the horizontal negative fusional vergence range at near and vergence facility test outcomes were affected significantly after the 3D video game sessions. Significant increments in different types of symptoms (i.e., visual and nonvisual) were also observed after playing 3D video games using the VR-HMD system. Conclusions: Playing 3D video games using VR-HMD systems can lead to a deterioration of certain oculomotor functions (i.e., accommodative and vergence systems). Players can be expected to experience eyestrain and discomfort after just 45 minutes of playing.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"126 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80519471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Pre-existing Descemet Membrane Perforation - A Case Series","authors":"S. Kodavoor, Bijita Deb, S. Balajee, R. Dandapani","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20200503.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20200503.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To analyse the outcome of Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in cases of pre-existing DM (Descemet membrane) tear. Method: 14 eyes with pre-existing perforation (4 eyes with advanced keratoconus post collagen crosslinking and post Toric implantable collamer lens explantation and 10 eyes with post healed hydrops) who underwent DALK were included. Manual layer by layer dissection by a special technique was employed. Results: Minimum follow up-1 year. All patients had good post-operative results with mean UCVA preoperative and postoperative value of 1.35±0.25 LogMAR and 0.68 ± 0.19 LogMAR respectively with ‘p’ value of 0.00001 which was significant. Mean astigmatism preoperative and postoperative was found to be 4.82±1.76D and 2.66±0.7D and ‘p’ value was significant (p=0.00042). Mean endothelial count preoperative and postoperative was 2479.18±239.42cells/cm2 and 2238.45±218.49cell/cm2 with percentage reduction of 9.6% at 1 year. Two eyes among them had postoperative double anterior chamber and two eyes had wrinkling of DM due to the advanced nature of KC. Conclusion: DALK can be successful in patients with pre-existing DM perforation if careful precautions are taken. Also layer by layer technique with a centripetal dissection is preferred in such cases to prevent intraoperative scar extension.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76632807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and Refractive Outcomes Following Simultaneous Phacoemulsification and Pterygium Excision with Conjunctival Autograft","authors":"S. Kodavoor, B. Soundarya, R. Dandapani","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.19","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - This study aims at analyzing the visual and refractive outcomes following simultaneous phacoemulsification and pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft (CAG). Setting-Tertiary eye care hospital in South India. Design-Retrospective study. Methods-508 eyes that underwent simultaneous phacoemulsification with pterygium excision between 2011-2017 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria-Pre-operative astigmatism of > 2 D, grade 3 pterygia, recurrent or double head pterygia, traumatic or complicated cataract. Pre-operative evaluation-clinical examination, keratometry, IOL power calculation, retinoscopy and subjective refraction. Procedure-Phacoemulsification with foldable monofocal IOL followed by pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting using tissue glue. Post-operative follow up-Periodically up to 6 months. Results- Mean pre-operative best corrected visual acuity (LogMAR) was 0.41+/-0.46 with post-operative mean being 0.04+/-0.12 (p=0.001). Mean pre-operative and post operative astigmatism were -1.25+/-0.60 D and -0.73+/-0.58 D (p=0.001) respectively. Mean post-operative myopic spherical error was -0.85+/-0.48 D. 34.33% of the patients had a post-operative refractive error out of which 87.42% had myopia and 12.57% had a hypermetropic error (<1D). 63.27% of the eyes with myopic error had an error of < 1 D. Most commonly seen complication was sub conjunctival haemorrhage followed by graft retraction in 12 and 10 eyes respectively. Conclusion- The combined single step procedure of phacoemulsification with pterygium excision in indicated cases, is safe and effective with good visual outcomes. The post-operative myopic residual error can be anticipated and reduced by slightly under correcting the IOL power in patients with concurrent pterygium to optimize the visual outcome.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83137424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relation Between Age Related Macular Degeneration and Thyroid Disorders","authors":"M. Abdelkader, N. Abass","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.18","url":null,"abstract":"The Purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and age related macular degeneration (ARMD) incidence. Nine hundred and fifty patients with thyroid disorders versus five hundred and thirty eu-thyroid subjects were included in the study during the period from January 2014 to February 2019. Blood pressure, blood sugar level and cholesterol, smoking state were estimated. TSH, T3&T4 were measured. Retinal photography and optical coherence tomography were performed. Patients with hyperthyroidism had increased incidence of ARMD. Patients using thyroxine had also increased incidence of ARMD than non using of thyroxine. There were statistically higher significant percent of marriage, educational level and smoking in patients with thyroid disorders with ARMD than euthyroid (p=0.03. 0.06, 0.001 respectively). In thyroid disorders patients, there were a significant differences between patients had ARMD or had not as regard diabetes, hypertension and cholesterol level (p=0.04, 0.09, 0.03 respectively). We concluded that there were increased incidence of ARMD in both hyperthyroidism, and patients use the thyroxine.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79016259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Observation of Treating Infantile Ophthalmic Hemangioma by Oral Propranolol","authors":"Jing Huang, Daoman Xiang","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.17","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety by oral propranolol in treating infantile ophthalmichemangioma (IH). A prospective analysis of 66 infantile outpatients with ophthalmic hemangioma from Feb 2016 to Apr 2018. According to the initial dose, the order of maintenance dose and drug withdrawal of oral propranolol prescription, the tumor size, color change and adverse reactions were studied and analyzed, and the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated. The tumors became weak within 1 week in 83.3% outpatients (55 cases). 4 (6.1%) outpatients received Grade I efficacy (ineffective), 7 (10.6%) Grade II (poor), 9 (13.6%) Grade III (improvement) and 46 (69.7%) Grade IV (cured). The average prescribed medication treatment time was 6.9 months. The curative effect of the long course groups was better than the short ones, and 4-12 months group was the best. No obvious side effect was detected except 1 diarrhea. There was no significant difference in curative effect between left and right eyes or sex (P>0.05). Propranolol was used in outpatients to treat IH, the indications and contraindications were strictly controlled and the clinical efficacy and safety were relatively satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91455570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a System to Rapidly Measure Coefficient of Friction on Soft Contact Lenses","authors":"D. Hook, C. Lusignan, Katarzyna A Wygladacz, Jeffery Schafer, Robert B. Steffen, William T Reindel, Gary Mosehauer","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.16","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to 1. develop an apparatus to rapidly measure coefficient of friction (COF) on soft contact lenses; 2. determine if COFs measured on two daily-disposable lens models before and after wear are consistent with changes in lens surface morphology observed in parallel atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. Methods: A stress rheometer was adapted to measure COF on a soft contact lens by custom fabrication of a rapid-mount sample stage for increased throughput. Five subjects were randomly assigned to wear daily disposable nesofilcon A and delefilcon A contact lenses bilaterally for 4 hours, after which time lenses were removed. Static and kinetic COFs of lenses worn on left eyes was measured, while lenses worn on right eyes were imaged in parallel by AFM in tapping mode. Root mean square (RMS) surface roughness was calculated for all lenses to determine the effect of wear on surface topography. Results: Both static and kinetic COFs measured on unworn delefilcon A silicone hydrogel lenses were greater than on nesofilcon A traditional hydrogel lenses. Static COF on nesofilcon A increased significantly after wear, while kinetic COF trended higher but did not change significantly. Similarly, static COF on delefilcon A also increased significantly after wear, and kinetic COF trended higher but did not change significantly, both remaining greater than on worn nesofilcon A. Parallel AFM analysis demonstrated that nesofilcon A lenses are smoother than are delefilcon A out of the package. Both lenses attracted deposits during wear, but the nesofilcon A surface was less altered by on-eye wear than was the delefilcon A surface. Conclusion: A system to rapidly measure static and kinetic COFs was successfully developed. Static and kinetic COFs measured on delefilcon A were greater than on nesofilcon A lenses. More deposits and greater surface roughness were observed after wear on delefilcon A relative to nesofilcon A. Parallel AFM images of worn and unworn lenses were not predictive of measured COFs, but increased roughness visible by AFM was consistent with observed increases in COF, although not all increases were statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80424167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Consanguineous Marriages and Incidence and Severity of Refractive Errors: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"A. Alsaqr","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.15","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital and genetic ocular disorders are linked to parental consanguinity. The aims was to investigate the effects of consanguineous marriages on the refractive errors of preschool-aged and adolescent patients. Two sample groups were recruited: the preschooler group (3–6 years; 335 participants) and the adolescent group (12–20 years; 998 participants). The required sample size was calculated using a sample size estimation software. Visual acuity was measured using the 15-line Lea symbols chart in the pre-school aged group and non-illuminated ETDRS VA chart in the adolescent group. Spherical equivalent refractive errors were noted with near-retinoscopy technique in young children and with the ARK-30 autorefractor in the adolescent group. In order to explore the impact of consanguineous marriages, the data were analyzed separately based on the age group using SPSS version 21 software. In the preschooler group, myopia was found in 4.2%, hyperopia in 8.1%, and astigmatism in 20%. Three children had high myopic scores (-10.00 D, -13.50 D and -17.50 D). In the adolescent group, 45.6% participants were myopic, 3.8% were hyperopic, and 22.3% were astigmatic. Despite the higher frequency of RE in those 15 years and older in the cousins group and the consanguineous parents of the three preschool-aged children with high myopia, there were no statistically significant (p>0.05) evidence that consanguineous marriages impact the refractive errors of their children. In conclusion, despite previous studies showing a link between ocular genetic or congenital disorders and consanguinity, no such link could be established with regard to refractive errors.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78429281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Except for Diabetic Retinopathy","authors":"C. Makita, Charles Geraud Fredy Nganga Ngabou, E. Gombe, R. M. A. Koulimaya","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.14","url":null,"abstract":"The Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus except for diabetic retinopathy have been poorly studied compared retinal complications, which are the main cause of blindness. We report the results of a prospective study reviewing the different ocular conditions encountered during diabetes. Four hundred (400) eyes of two hundred (200) patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were examined during a period of 8 months. All included patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. Fifty-seven diabetic patients were diagnosed of an ocular disease at a frequency of 28.5%. There were 42 male and 17 female patients with an average age of 57, 5 years old. The average duration of diabetes was 11.8 years. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was present in 59.6% of cases. Cataracts were the most common ocular diseases diagnosed in 45.6% of cases followed by primary or chronic open-angle glaucoma in 22.9% and hyperopia in 12.3% of cases. Corneal sensitivity was decreased in 52% of cases and bilateral optic neuropathy was found in 3.4% of cases (two hundred eyes). The ocular complications of diabetes mellitus except for diabetic retinopathy, are dominated by cataracts and glaucoma. But there are also neuropathies that may cause blindness. These conditions should therefore also be systematically screened for evaluations and reviews of potential degenerative complications in patients with diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"1 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86788895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous Endophthalmitis by Candida Albicans Associated with a Primary Immunodeficiency Due to CARD9 Deficiency","authors":"J. Guimarães, M. C. Pires, C. Gusmão, A. Torigoe","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.13","url":null,"abstract":"This report encopasses a case of endogenous endophthalmitis by Candida albicans in an otherwise healthy young adult patient, which led to the diagnosis of a primary immunodeficiency, CARD9 deficiency, associated with familial candidiasis. A 31-year-old female patient with a one-month history of low visual acuity (VA) in the right eye (RE) was referred after no response to treatment of toxoplasmosis and acute retinal necrosis. She presented no comorbidities, but a history of recurrent paronychia, oral candidiasis and tinea capitis since childhood. Her parents were first-degree cousins. Visual acuity was 20/2000 in the RE and 20/20 in the left eye (LE). There was an elevated exudative lesion occupying the retinal posterior pole, associated with fluffy white cotton balls in the adjacent posterior vitreous. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed macular lesions with the \"rain cloud\" sign. Fungal endogenous endophthalmitis was hypothesized. Imaging and laboratory examinations discarded other infections and eliminated involvement of other organs. Diagnostic vitreous puncture was performed in addition to Amphotericin B injection and intravenous Fluconazole. As culture results were negative, a vitreous biopsy was performed, in which Candida albicans was grown, followed by a second Amphotericin B injection. As there was no improvement, pars plana posterior vitrectomy, with placement of silicone oil, was performed. In spite of infection control, VA remained 20/2000. Due to a severe ocular condition with no other invasive sites of infection, associated with superficial recurrent fungal infections, a primary fungal specific immunodeficiency was suspected, resulting in referral to Immunology. An immunogenetic panel was performed, demonstrating heterozygosity for two CARD9 gene mutations, a molecule related to familial candidiasis. Follow-up in Ophthalmology and Immunology was maintained and oral Fluconazole was proposed to be taken for at least 6 months. Three months later, she presented with an oral abscess secondary to Candida, managed by the Otorhinolaryngology team. Fungal endogenous endophthalmitis is an important cause of morbidity and low visual acuity, especially in the population of immunocompromised patients. Early ophthalmological diagnosis should preferably be performed in order to prevent lesions from increasing, affecting noble areas such as the macula, and reaching the vitreous. When the fundus exam presents signs of fungal endophthalmitis in immunocompetent, young and healthy patients, diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies should be considered.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74209309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Conjonctival Naevus: Case Report from Bamako","authors":"S. Bakayoko, S. Diallo, Rodrigue Romuald Elien Gagnan Yan Zaou Tou, A. Guindo, B. Coulibaly, Jean Michel Mbaïkoua, M. A. Dicko, J. M. Tiama, Mamasile Clement Bagouya, J. Théra","doi":"10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJOVS.20190404.11","url":null,"abstract":"Conjunctival naevus is a common tumour in the conjunctiva. It can appear clinically in childhood or adolescence. The juxta limbic location (on the temporal side and near the palpebral fissure) of the naevus is the most frequent. Its presence at the level of the lacrimal caroncula (inner angle of the eye) and the semi-lunar fold (outside the caroncula) is more rare. Their pigmentation varies with age. Thus, almost 25% of them are amelanotic (especially in children). The pigmentation varies according to several factors: the congenital character of these naevi; hormonal changes during pregnancy; intense exposure to the sun. In addition, a change in pigmentation can be observed in almost 25% of cases with inflammation, or in cases of intense activity of melanophages. The size of the naevi tends to increase with age. This is usually done after puberty. We report a case of a 2-year-old boy with a pigmented conjunctival naevus about 2 cm long, flat, limbal and bulbar juxta at the temporal side. The rest of the eye exam is normal. The child has been entrusted to the team of the orbito-palpebral surgery and the annexes for the continuation of the management. We will present its clinico-histological and therapeutic aspects.","PeriodicalId":14184,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90156112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}