Jun Kikuta, Michiko Tsukada, K. Takagi, Mami Shimizu, T. Hikida, E. Nakayama, K. Kasai
BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor（TGF）-β, which controls bone metabolism, is an important protein network. However, the relationship TGF-β and bone metabolism during orthodontic treatment of tooth movement is not well elucidated. PURPOSE: This study aimed to observe TGF-β1 expression on the compressed side of the periodontal tissue by moving rat teeth with orthodontic force in an animal experiment. In vitro, the change in TGF-β1 expression level when compression force（CF）was applied to human periodontal ligament（hPDL）cells was examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In vivo, 20 male rats were subjected to 10 g of orthodontic force for 7 days to move maxillary first molars in the mesial direction. Then, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to observe the expression of tartrate-resis-tant acid phosphatase（TRAP）and TGF-β1 protein in rat alveolar bone. In vitro, hPDL cells were used to study the effect of CF on TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS: In vivo study, after 7 days, multinucleated cells and resorption lacunae were found on the surfaces of the alveolar bones in the 10-g group. Additionally, TGF-β1 immunoreactivity with orthodontic force was observed in the periodontal ligament （PDL）tissue on the 7th day. In vitro, TGF-β1 expression increased in the 1.0 g/cm² group compared to that in the control group in hPDL cells. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results reveal that TGF-β1 expression is acti-vated in the periodontal tissue when optimal orthodontic force is applied. Moreover, it is possible that the TGF-β controls alveolar bone resorption during OTM.
{"title":"TGF-β1 Stimulates Bone Resorption during Orthodontic Tooth Movement","authors":"Jun Kikuta, Michiko Tsukada, K. Takagi, Mami Shimizu, T. Hikida, E. Nakayama, K. Kasai","doi":"10.5466/ijoms.19.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.19.193","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor（TGF）-β, which controls bone metabolism, is an important protein network. However, the relationship TGF-β and bone metabolism during orthodontic treatment of tooth movement is not well elucidated. PURPOSE: This study aimed to observe TGF-β1 expression on the compressed side of the periodontal tissue by moving rat teeth with orthodontic force in an animal experiment. In vitro, the change in TGF-β1 expression level when compression force（CF）was applied to human periodontal ligament（hPDL）cells was examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In vivo, 20 male rats were subjected to 10 g of orthodontic force for 7 days to move maxillary first molars in the mesial direction. Then, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to observe the expression of tartrate-resis-tant acid phosphatase（TRAP）and TGF-β1 protein in rat alveolar bone. In vitro, hPDL cells were used to study the effect of CF on TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS: In vivo study, after 7 days, multinucleated cells and resorption lacunae were found on the surfaces of the alveolar bones in the 10-g group. Additionally, TGF-β1 immunoreactivity with orthodontic force was observed in the periodontal ligament （PDL）tissue on the 7th day. In vitro, TGF-β1 expression increased in the 1.0 g/cm² group compared to that in the control group in hPDL cells. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results reveal that TGF-β1 expression is acti-vated in the periodontal tissue when optimal orthodontic force is applied. Moreover, it is possible that the TGF-β controls alveolar bone resorption during OTM.","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85695995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on Follicular Dendritic Cell Secreted Protein Gene Transcription","authors":"Yutaka Ikeda, Yasunobu Iwai, Y. Ogata","doi":"10.5466/ijoms.19.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.19.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78819820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroya Gotouda, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Akina Okamoto, Akemi Kadowaki, Hiromi Nakazawa, M. Takasu, Fusami Shiina, Naomi Satou, Yoshie Masubuchi, Akie Kojima, S. Osawa, K. Matsune, H. Okada, Takanori Ito
The uneven regional distribution of healthcare workers is an important issue in the healthcare system and has been controversial worldwide. Even though policies that are intended to resolve the shortage of healthcare workers are established, the recruitment of most healthcare workers tend to be concentrated in urban areas, and the shortage of medical workers in rural areas remains unresolved. It is also important for medical and healthcare professionals from different disciplines to work as a team to provide medical care of interprofessional collaboration and integrated community for patients. Previous-ly, we reported on the regional distribution of dentists and physicians, university dental schools, medical schools, and postgraduate residents. In this study, we compared the number of dental hygienists and that of physicians and nurses to the current numbers of dentists by region and analyzed the examination numbers from 1958 to 2018 for dentists and physicians. The ratios of physicians and nurses per 100,000 population were relatively high in western Japan, particularly in the Kinki, Chugoku/Shikoku, and Kyushu/Okinawa regions. The ratio of dental hygienists per 100,000 population was also high in western Japan; however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of dentists. Although there was a significant correlation between the ratios of physicians and nurses at the prefectural level, no such correlation was observed for the ratios of dentists and dental hygienists. Our analyses revealed that, while the increase in the number of dentists during the previous decade（from 2008 to 2018）was gradual, the number of physicians increased at a more rapid rate. The ratio of dentists per 100,000 population in each prefecture was more uniform; however, the regional bias in the ratio of physicians remains unresolved. In conclusion, the results of our present study suggest that the uneven regional distribution of dentists in comparison with physicians in Japan has reduced recently and that the rate of increase in the number of dentists has also slowed down. Our study also found that the correlation between the regional distribution of dentists and dental hygienists was lower than that of the regional distribution of physicians and nurses.
{"title":"Geographic Distribution of Dentists and Physicians in Comparison with Dental Hygienists and Nurses in Japan","authors":"Hiroya Gotouda, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Akina Okamoto, Akemi Kadowaki, Hiromi Nakazawa, M. Takasu, Fusami Shiina, Naomi Satou, Yoshie Masubuchi, Akie Kojima, S. Osawa, K. Matsune, H. Okada, Takanori Ito","doi":"10.5466/ijoms.19.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.19.122","url":null,"abstract":"The uneven regional distribution of healthcare workers is an important issue in the healthcare system and has been controversial worldwide. Even though policies that are intended to resolve the shortage of healthcare workers are established, the recruitment of most healthcare workers tend to be concentrated in urban areas, and the shortage of medical workers in rural areas remains unresolved. It is also important for medical and healthcare professionals from different disciplines to work as a team to provide medical care of interprofessional collaboration and integrated community for patients. Previous-ly, we reported on the regional distribution of dentists and physicians, university dental schools, medical schools, and postgraduate residents. In this study, we compared the number of dental hygienists and that of physicians and nurses to the current numbers of dentists by region and analyzed the examination numbers from 1958 to 2018 for dentists and physicians. The ratios of physicians and nurses per 100,000 population were relatively high in western Japan, particularly in the Kinki, Chugoku/Shikoku, and Kyushu/Okinawa regions. The ratio of dental hygienists per 100,000 population was also high in western Japan; however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of dentists. Although there was a significant correlation between the ratios of physicians and nurses at the prefectural level, no such correlation was observed for the ratios of dentists and dental hygienists. Our analyses revealed that, while the increase in the number of dentists during the previous decade（from 2008 to 2018）was gradual, the number of physicians increased at a more rapid rate. The ratio of dentists per 100,000 population in each prefecture was more uniform; however, the regional bias in the ratio of physicians remains unresolved. In conclusion, the results of our present study suggest that the uneven regional distribution of dentists in comparison with physicians in Japan has reduced recently and that the rate of increase in the number of dentists has also slowed down. Our study also found that the correlation between the regional distribution of dentists and dental hygienists was lower than that of the regional distribution of physicians and nurses.","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79939594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroya Gotouda, S. Osawa, Yasuhiro Okamoto, K. Matsune, Tetsuro Kono, H. Okada, Takanori Ito
The Japan Dental Association and the Japan Dietetic Association have released their Joint Declaration on the Promotion of Dietary Education for Health-Building. This declaration announces their intention to collaborate and cooperate as “food-related” professions in a national movement to widely promote food education and to help ensure that everyone has access to healthy and body enriching diets. Accordingly, the promotion of dietary education in dental and oral health is gaining increasing importance. In addition, food and nutrition education refers to developing and promoting knowledge regarding food among people to help gain the capability of selecting food that supports their prac-tical and healthy eating habits. Furthermore, in some countries, the relationships between food and nutrition education, that between nutrition and general health, and education about the importance of these factors for relevant medical professions are considered seriously. However, almost no survey research has yet been conducted on food and nutrition education for dental schools and dental students. This study reports the oral health and breakfast eating habits of dental students. Food and nutrition education for adolescents, including university students, plays an important role in promoting their health and well-being. Dental students who understand the need for balanced nutrition will be in a better position to share this knowledge with their future patients. As a part of this course, students were asked to review their dietary habits and were provided with appropriate understanding and the means to improve their own quality of life while focusing on lifestyle-related diseases and their prevention. In conclusion, our results suggest that a high proportion of students who had breakfast every day, woke up early and ate their breakfasts at family home, and then undertook long commutes to their schools. We also noted that a high proportion of the participants who indicated that they were in good health ate breakfast every day, while paying attention to obtaining nutritionally balanced meals and chewing their food slowly for optimal ingestion.
{"title":"The Survey Concerning the Promotion of Food and Nutrition Education among Dental Students : Part one in Reference to Oral Health and Eating Breakfast","authors":"Hiroya Gotouda, S. Osawa, Yasuhiro Okamoto, K. Matsune, Tetsuro Kono, H. Okada, Takanori Ito","doi":"10.5466/ijoms.19.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.19.129","url":null,"abstract":"The Japan Dental Association and the Japan Dietetic Association have released their Joint Declaration on the Promotion of Dietary Education for Health-Building. This declaration announces their intention to collaborate and cooperate as “food-related” professions in a national movement to widely promote food education and to help ensure that everyone has access to healthy and body enriching diets. Accordingly, the promotion of dietary education in dental and oral health is gaining increasing importance. In addition, food and nutrition education refers to developing and promoting knowledge regarding food among people to help gain the capability of selecting food that supports their prac-tical and healthy eating habits. Furthermore, in some countries, the relationships between food and nutrition education, that between nutrition and general health, and education about the importance of these factors for relevant medical professions are considered seriously. However, almost no survey research has yet been conducted on food and nutrition education for dental schools and dental students. This study reports the oral health and breakfast eating habits of dental students. Food and nutrition education for adolescents, including university students, plays an important role in promoting their health and well-being. Dental students who understand the need for balanced nutrition will be in a better position to share this knowledge with their future patients. As a part of this course, students were asked to review their dietary habits and were provided with appropriate understanding and the means to improve their own quality of life while focusing on lifestyle-related diseases and their prevention. In conclusion, our results suggest that a high proportion of students who had breakfast every day, woke up early and ate their breakfasts at family home, and then undertook long commutes to their schools. We also noted that a high proportion of the participants who indicated that they were in good health ate breakfast every day, while paying attention to obtaining nutritionally balanced meals and chewing their food slowly for optimal ingestion.","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78768161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shigeo Tanaka, Maya Oshima, Chikashi Ishizawa, M. Komiya
Deep neck infections cause cellulitis or abscesses to form in the deep neck space. Despite advances in antibiotics, some advanced cases develop mediastinal abscess, sepsis, or disseminated intravascular coagulation, which can be fatal. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 34 patients to examine the factors involved in deep neck abscess severity. We evaluated and compared parameters like sex, age, causative disease, causative site, etc. Patient age was 8–78 years, with a higher proportion of males（24 cases; 70.6%）than females（10 cases; 29.4%）. The causative tooth of the 31 cases of odontogenic infection（excluding three cases of osteomyelitis of jaw and peri-implantitis）was a mandibular molar in 30 cases（96.8%）and maxillary molar in one case（3.2%）. Overall, the mean（± standard deviation）hospital stay was 22.7±20.3 days and was longer for females（31.0±20.3 days）than for males（19.2±19.6 days）. C-reactive protein （CRP）levels were significantly correlated with hospital stay duration. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with an abscess in the masticator, parapharyngeal, or anterior visceral space had significantly longer hospital stays. Patients with actinomycetes had significantly longer hospital stays. No significant differences in hospital stay were noted based on whether the patient was a compromised host. This study suggests that CRP levels, abscess location, and existence of actinomycete infection contribute to the severity of deep neck abscess.
{"title":"Deep Neck Infection Causing Abscess Formation due to Oral Infectious Disease","authors":"Shigeo Tanaka, Maya Oshima, Chikashi Ishizawa, M. Komiya","doi":"10.5466/ijoms.19.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.19.158","url":null,"abstract":"Deep neck infections cause cellulitis or abscesses to form in the deep neck space. Despite advances in antibiotics, some advanced cases develop mediastinal abscess, sepsis, or disseminated intravascular coagulation, which can be fatal. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 34 patients to examine the factors involved in deep neck abscess severity. We evaluated and compared parameters like sex, age, causative disease, causative site, etc. Patient age was 8–78 years, with a higher proportion of males（24 cases; 70.6%）than females（10 cases; 29.4%）. The causative tooth of the 31 cases of odontogenic infection（excluding three cases of osteomyelitis of jaw and peri-implantitis）was a mandibular molar in 30 cases（96.8%）and maxillary molar in one case（3.2%）. Overall, the mean（± standard deviation）hospital stay was 22.7±20.3 days and was longer for females（31.0±20.3 days）than for males（19.2±19.6 days）. C-reactive protein （CRP）levels were significantly correlated with hospital stay duration. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with an abscess in the masticator, parapharyngeal, or anterior visceral space had significantly longer hospital stays. Patients with actinomycetes had significantly longer hospital stays. No significant differences in hospital stay were noted based on whether the patient was a compromised host. This study suggests that CRP levels, abscess location, and existence of actinomycete infection contribute to the severity of deep neck abscess.","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76966244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fukatsu, O. Tsuzukibashi, M. Fuchigami, C. Komine, Y. Konishi, Y. Ogura, H. Omori, Hidenori Suzuki, Katsuhiro Asaka, Yoshinori Ono, M. Fukumoto
{"title":"The SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test to Identify the Infection Status of Dental Personnel","authors":"A. Fukatsu, O. Tsuzukibashi, M. Fuchigami, C. Komine, Y. Konishi, Y. Ogura, H. Omori, Hidenori Suzuki, Katsuhiro Asaka, Yoshinori Ono, M. Fukumoto","doi":"10.5466/ijoms.19.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.19.146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89261619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroya Gotouda, Noriko Shinozaki‐Kuwahara, M. Saito, O. Tsuzukibashi, A. Fukatsu, S. Osawa, K. Matsune, T. Kurita-Ochiai
Streptococcus mutans（S. mutans）and Streptococcus sobrinus（S. sobrinus）can be isolated from the human oral cavity. S. sobrinus varies in many aspects, including serotype, hemolytic nature, and glucan aggregation ability, distinguishing its properties and functions from those of S. mutans. In addition, S. sobrinus exhibits significant cariogenicity correlating with smooth-surface caries. Though identifying the behavior of S. sobrinus and its correlation with caries is essential, little research has been conducted to assess the utility of the distribution and reference levels of S. sobrinus in caries activity tests and risk diagnoses. The prevention of transmission of cariogenic bacteria is incorporated in food and nutrition education and support in maternal and child health. To further manage and prevent such transmission, health workers of interprofessional collaboration should also include infants in their healthcare plan, determine the number of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in the saliva of adults in their 20s to 30s, and manage the cariogenic risks. Hence, this study aimed to investigate and comparatively assess the number of S. sobrinus and the ratio of S. sobrinus to total Streptococci（Ss/Ts）using the saliva of adults in their 20s. The accumulated primary data will be used to develop a simple culture assay for caries risk assessment. Results revealed that when classifying risks into two levels according to the number of S. sobrinus, either of the following two categories is appropriate: ≥1.0 × 10 5 as high risk and ≤1.0 × 10 5 as low risk. The Ss/ Ts is also appropriate to classify the risk levels in either of the two categories as fol-lows: ≥0.1 % as high risk and ≤0.1 % as low risk. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that cell cultures can be used to compare and estimate the number of S. sobrinus and the Ss/TS ratio in saliva for caries risk
{"title":"Distribution and Evaluation of Streptococcus sobrinus in Saliva Samples","authors":"Hiroya Gotouda, Noriko Shinozaki‐Kuwahara, M. Saito, O. Tsuzukibashi, A. Fukatsu, S. Osawa, K. Matsune, T. Kurita-Ochiai","doi":"10.5466/ijoms.19.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.19.117","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcus mutans（S. mutans）and Streptococcus sobrinus（S. sobrinus）can be isolated from the human oral cavity. S. sobrinus varies in many aspects, including serotype, hemolytic nature, and glucan aggregation ability, distinguishing its properties and functions from those of S. mutans. In addition, S. sobrinus exhibits significant cariogenicity correlating with smooth-surface caries. Though identifying the behavior of S. sobrinus and its correlation with caries is essential, little research has been conducted to assess the utility of the distribution and reference levels of S. sobrinus in caries activity tests and risk diagnoses. The prevention of transmission of cariogenic bacteria is incorporated in food and nutrition education and support in maternal and child health. To further manage and prevent such transmission, health workers of interprofessional collaboration should also include infants in their healthcare plan, determine the number of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in the saliva of adults in their 20s to 30s, and manage the cariogenic risks. Hence, this study aimed to investigate and comparatively assess the number of S. sobrinus and the ratio of S. sobrinus to total Streptococci（Ss/Ts）using the saliva of adults in their 20s. The accumulated primary data will be used to develop a simple culture assay for caries risk assessment. Results revealed that when classifying risks into two levels according to the number of S. sobrinus, either of the following two categories is appropriate: ≥1.0 × 10 5 as high risk and ≤1.0 × 10 5 as low risk. The Ss/ Ts is also appropriate to classify the risk levels in either of the two categories as fol-lows: ≥0.1 % as high risk and ≤0.1 % as low risk. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that cell cultures can be used to compare and estimate the number of S. sobrinus and the Ss/TS ratio in saliva for caries risk","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89962385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masatoshi Suzuki, Chen Wang, Fengzhu Zhang, U. Bhawal, H. Yamaguchi, H. Okada
Oral squamous cell carcinomas（OSCCs）are the most common type of oral cancer and patients with OSCC have a poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. Longer survival is correlated with lower expression of DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 4 （DDIT4）from certain types of cancer tissue. The primary object of this study was to explore the associated role of DDIT4 in human oral cancers. HSC-3 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were used to examine the effect of DDIT4 knockdown by a DDIT4 siRNA and the silencing efficiency was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）. DNA microarray analysis was carried out on DDIT4 siRNA transfected HSC-3 cells using the Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis（IPA）and Gene Ontology（GO）analysis were used for bioinformatics analysis to identify potential molecular functions and related pathways of differentially expressed genes（DEGs）. The microarray results showed that 182 DEGs were upregulated, and 424 DEGs were downregulated in DDIT4-deficient HSC-3 cells. Among them, 4 genes（RNASE7, IL-24, SCD and MMP13）were selected to confirm the microarray results using qRT-PCR. IPA showed 49 related pathways are involved in DDIT4-deficient HSC-3 cells. GO analysis revealed that the GO terms of upregulated DEGs were regulation of transcription, membrane and protein binding while the GO terms of downregulated DEGs were signal transduction, membrane and protein binding. In conclusion, DDIT4 may serve as a key regulator in carcinogenesis and could be a therapeutic target in patients with OSCC.
{"title":"DNA Microarray Analysis of HSC-3 Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Following Knockdown of DDIT4","authors":"Masatoshi Suzuki, Chen Wang, Fengzhu Zhang, U. Bhawal, H. Yamaguchi, H. Okada","doi":"10.5466/ijoms.19.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.19.171","url":null,"abstract":"Oral squamous cell carcinomas（OSCCs）are the most common type of oral cancer and patients with OSCC have a poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. Longer survival is correlated with lower expression of DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 4 （DDIT4）from certain types of cancer tissue. The primary object of this study was to explore the associated role of DDIT4 in human oral cancers. HSC-3 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were used to examine the effect of DDIT4 knockdown by a DDIT4 siRNA and the silencing efficiency was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）. DNA microarray analysis was carried out on DDIT4 siRNA transfected HSC-3 cells using the Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis（IPA）and Gene Ontology（GO）analysis were used for bioinformatics analysis to identify potential molecular functions and related pathways of differentially expressed genes（DEGs）. The microarray results showed that 182 DEGs were upregulated, and 424 DEGs were downregulated in DDIT4-deficient HSC-3 cells. Among them, 4 genes（RNASE7, IL-24, SCD and MMP13）were selected to confirm the microarray results using qRT-PCR. IPA showed 49 related pathways are involved in DDIT4-deficient HSC-3 cells. GO analysis revealed that the GO terms of upregulated DEGs were regulation of transcription, membrane and protein binding while the GO terms of downregulated DEGs were signal transduction, membrane and protein binding. In conclusion, DDIT4 may serve as a key regulator in carcinogenesis and could be a therapeutic target in patients with OSCC.","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75358098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kobayashi, Yohei Watanabe, Takashi Saito, N. Tsuji, Tetsuro Kono, Miyuki Toda, H. Okada, T. Kurita-Ochiai
Periodontitis triggers inflammation by pathogenic factors such as periodontal pathogenesis, which is exacerbated by the alveolar bone resorption, causing the teeth to fall out. It is known that inflammatory factors such as inflammatory cytokines spread throughout the body through blood circulation and other means and become a risk factor for developing systemic diseases such as diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Immune responses play an essential role in defending against invasion by pathogenic microorgan-isms and maintaining and improving homeostasis. IL-10, an inhibitory cytokine produced by immune cells, plays an essential role in preventing the development of au-toimmune diseases caused by excessive immune responses by directly acting on immune cells and inhibiting their activation. However, the role in the steady-state remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-10 on periodontal tissue under steady-state conditions using IL-10 knockout（KO）mice. Significant alveolar bone resorption was observed in IL-10KO mice. The localization of osteoclast-like cells in the alveolar fossa by TRAP staining. Real-time PCR revealed an increased RANKL/OPG ratio, confirming that bone resorption occurred compared with wild type mice. Moreover, significant inductions of pro-IL-1β, pro-IL-18, and IL-17A specific mRNA were detected, and protein levels were also induced in these mice’s gingiva. Further-more, a significant increase in the expression of NLRP3, a representative marker of the inflammasome, was also observed in IL-10KO. These results indicate that IL-10 defi-ciency leads to alveolar bone resorption even under steady-state conditions. In particular, the markedly formed inflammasome was suggested to induce not only periodontitis but also systemic diseases.
{"title":"Lacking Interleukin-10 Regulates the Inflammasome-driven Alveolar Bone Loss","authors":"R. Kobayashi, Yohei Watanabe, Takashi Saito, N. Tsuji, Tetsuro Kono, Miyuki Toda, H. Okada, T. Kurita-Ochiai","doi":"10.5466/ijoms.19.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.19.184","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontitis triggers inflammation by pathogenic factors such as periodontal pathogenesis, which is exacerbated by the alveolar bone resorption, causing the teeth to fall out. It is known that inflammatory factors such as inflammatory cytokines spread throughout the body through blood circulation and other means and become a risk factor for developing systemic diseases such as diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Immune responses play an essential role in defending against invasion by pathogenic microorgan-isms and maintaining and improving homeostasis. IL-10, an inhibitory cytokine produced by immune cells, plays an essential role in preventing the development of au-toimmune diseases caused by excessive immune responses by directly acting on immune cells and inhibiting their activation. However, the role in the steady-state remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-10 on periodontal tissue under steady-state conditions using IL-10 knockout（KO）mice. Significant alveolar bone resorption was observed in IL-10KO mice. The localization of osteoclast-like cells in the alveolar fossa by TRAP staining. Real-time PCR revealed an increased RANKL/OPG ratio, confirming that bone resorption occurred compared with wild type mice. Moreover, significant inductions of pro-IL-1β, pro-IL-18, and IL-17A specific mRNA were detected, and protein levels were also induced in these mice’s gingiva. Further-more, a significant increase in the expression of NLRP3, a representative marker of the inflammasome, was also observed in IL-10KO. These results indicate that IL-10 defi-ciency leads to alveolar bone resorption even under steady-state conditions. In particular, the markedly formed inflammasome was suggested to induce not only periodontitis but also systemic diseases.","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86117778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Yamaguchi, Masatoshi Suzuki, Mami Nakamura, R. Okamura, A. Tsuji, Takahiro Sasaki, K. Shibutani
used to achieve analgesia during general anesthesia. Due to excellent ad-justability, remifentanil, a strong opioid analgesic, is widely used during general anesthesia while performing oral surgery. However, caution is advised since remifentanil lowers blood pressure and heart rate. This study examined the effect of remifentanil on circulatory fluctuations while performing oral surgery under general anesthesia. The subjects were cases of general anesthesia performed in the hospital affiliated with our university between 2014 and 2017. Information was obtained from medical records and anesthesia minutes, regarding patient characteristics, surgical procedure, remifentanil use, drugs used to induce and maintain anesthesia, circulatory fluctuations during surgery, and management of hemodynamic events. Among the 1,474 cases in this study, remifentanil was used in 795 cases during general anesthesia（R group）. Within R group, circulatory fluctuations appeared in 46 cases, the most common being bradycardia（22 cases）and hypotension（11 cases）. A treatment for circulatory fluctuations（bradycardia ［2.8%］ and hypotension ［1.5%］）was administered in 54 cases（6.8%）. Hypotension was often seen in the elderly and in patients who had taken hypotensive medicine prior to the surgery. Bradycardia often occurred during corrective surgery, open reduction, and internal fixation. Circulatory inhibition under general anesthesia occurs easily with remifentanil use, which has a parasympathetic nerve stimulation effect, during maxillofacial surgery and cervical procedures where vagal reflexes such as trigeminal nerve stimulation and carotid sinus compression are likely to occur.
{"title":"Effects of General Anesthesia Using Remifentanil on Hemodynamics during Oral Surgery","authors":"H. Yamaguchi, Masatoshi Suzuki, Mami Nakamura, R. Okamura, A. Tsuji, Takahiro Sasaki, K. Shibutani","doi":"10.5466/IJOMS.19.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5466/IJOMS.19.88","url":null,"abstract":"used to achieve analgesia during general anesthesia. Due to excellent ad-justability, remifentanil, a strong opioid analgesic, is widely used during general anesthesia while performing oral surgery. However, caution is advised since remifentanil lowers blood pressure and heart rate. This study examined the effect of remifentanil on circulatory fluctuations while performing oral surgery under general anesthesia. The subjects were cases of general anesthesia performed in the hospital affiliated with our university between 2014 and 2017. Information was obtained from medical records and anesthesia minutes, regarding patient characteristics, surgical procedure, remifentanil use, drugs used to induce and maintain anesthesia, circulatory fluctuations during surgery, and management of hemodynamic events. Among the 1,474 cases in this study, remifentanil was used in 795 cases during general anesthesia（R group）. Within R group, circulatory fluctuations appeared in 46 cases, the most common being bradycardia（22 cases）and hypotension（11 cases）. A treatment for circulatory fluctuations（bradycardia ［2.8%］ and hypotension ［1.5%］）was administered in 54 cases（6.8%）. Hypotension was often seen in the elderly and in patients who had taken hypotensive medicine prior to the surgery. Bradycardia often occurred during corrective surgery, open reduction, and internal fixation. Circulatory inhibition under general anesthesia occurs easily with remifentanil use, which has a parasympathetic nerve stimulation effect, during maxillofacial surgery and cervical procedures where vagal reflexes such as trigeminal nerve stimulation and carotid sinus compression are likely to occur.","PeriodicalId":14196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75298951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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