Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.54060/jmce/001.01.003
Anjeet Singh Chauhan, Rajiv Banerjee
The RC buildings' construction has increased in the preferred location of north & eastern hilly areas during the last few decades due to population increase, urbanization, and tourists. The buildings located in the hilly areas are more susceptible to seismic loading as compared to the location of the flat surface building. The shape of the building on the sloping ground differs from the flat surface situated buildings. So, the construction of the building on hilly areas are irregular both vertically & horizontally, thus this type of building is susceptible to severe damage when applied to the seismic condition. The column of the base storey having unequal height due to sloping ground. In this study, the behaviour of a 10 storey stepback building with mass and diaphragm irregularity on the sloping ground is analysed in seismic zone V by Response Spectrum. The analysis of the building is carried out by Etabs software as per IS 1893:2016 to compare the building based on their dynamic response and also identify the vulnerability frame in the sloping ground.
{"title":"Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building on Hilly Area","authors":"Anjeet Singh Chauhan, Rajiv Banerjee","doi":"10.54060/jmce/001.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce/001.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The RC buildings' construction has increased in the preferred location of north & eastern hilly areas during the last few decades due to population increase, urbanization, and tourists. The buildings located in the hilly areas are more susceptible to seismic loading as compared to the location of the flat surface building. The shape of the building on the sloping ground differs from the flat surface situated buildings. So, the construction of the building on hilly areas are irregular both vertically & horizontally, thus this type of building is susceptible to severe damage when applied to the seismic condition. The column of the base storey having unequal height due to sloping ground. In this study, the behaviour of a 10 storey stepback building with mass and diaphragm irregularity on the sloping ground is analysed in seismic zone V by Response Spectrum. The analysis of the building is carried out by Etabs software as per IS 1893:2016 to compare the building based on their dynamic response and also identify the vulnerability frame in the sloping ground.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125126406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.54060/jmce/001.01.004
Devesh Ojha
There are no standards and no design rules for Combined Piled-Raft Foundation available up to now. A preliminary stage and a final stage are involved in the construction of a piled raft base. The preliminary design stage includes determining the critical parameters, such as the number of piles, their diameter, and length, as well as the Es value of the subsoil strata, in order to establish an optimal design that can achieve the necessary settlement reduction. Precision and accuracy of the current design strategies is calculated by in-situ parameters such as Es, despite that, the computational effort and time do not justify their use for preliminary studies that may require.
{"title":"Combined Piled-Raft Foundation a Sustainable Option for Week Soil (Alluvial Soil)","authors":"Devesh Ojha","doi":"10.54060/jmce/001.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce/001.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"There are no standards and no design rules for Combined Piled-Raft Foundation available up to now. A preliminary stage and a final stage are involved in the construction of a piled raft base. The preliminary design stage includes determining the critical parameters, such as the number of piles, their diameter, and length, as well as the Es value of the subsoil strata, in order to establish an optimal design that can achieve the necessary settlement reduction. Precision and accuracy of the current design strategies is calculated by in-situ parameters such as Es, despite that, the computational effort and time do not justify their use for preliminary studies that may require.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129052401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.54060/jmce/001.01.002
Sanskar Soni, Devesh Ojha
Cement is the cheapest constituent of concrete. Over 5% of worldwide CO2 production is official by cement production. Similarly, due to the order in the fine aggregate. In this work, every second source for fine aggregate as rice husk ash is used. A study on properties of concrete when fine aggregate is in some measurer placed by rice husk ash. Percentage replacement of Fine aggregate with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is fine aggregate is replaced at 0%,5%,10%, and 15% in a mix of M25 grade of concrete. The strength such as compressive strength is found out at 7, 14, and 28 days. The strength is compared with concrete and the most favorable percentage of replacement of RHA is identified.
{"title":"A Study on Use of Rice Husk Ash in Concrete","authors":"Sanskar Soni, Devesh Ojha","doi":"10.54060/jmce/001.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce/001.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Cement is the cheapest constituent of concrete. Over 5% of worldwide CO2 production is official by cement production. Similarly, due to the order in the fine aggregate. In this work, every second source for fine aggregate as rice husk ash is used. A study on properties of concrete when fine aggregate is in some measurer placed by rice husk ash. Percentage replacement of Fine aggregate with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is fine aggregate is replaced at 0%,5%,10%, and 15% in a mix of M25 grade of concrete. The strength such as compressive strength is found out at 7, 14, and 28 days. The strength is compared with concrete and the most favorable percentage of replacement of RHA is identified.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113992962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.54060/jmce/001.01.001
Anant Agarwal
Plastic products have become an integral part of our daily life as a basic need. It is produced on a massive scale worldwide and its production crosses 150 million tons per year globally. In India, approximately 9 million tons of plastic products are consuming every year (2010) which is expected to rise to 12 million tons by 2012 and estimates say it would double this value in 2025. Its broad range application is mainly in packing films, wrapping materials, fluid containers, clothing, household, and industrial products, and building materials. This project deals with an effective method of dumping plastic waste that has accumulated. Using plastics in building mortar and plasters can be employed in an effective manner that is completely environment friendly.
{"title":"Green Mortar by Partial Introduction of Shredded Waste Plastic","authors":"Anant Agarwal","doi":"10.54060/jmce/001.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce/001.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic products have become an integral part of our daily life as a basic need. It is produced on a massive scale worldwide and its production crosses 150 million tons per year globally. In India, approximately 9 million tons of plastic products are consuming every year (2010) which is expected to rise to 12 million tons by 2012 and estimates say it would double this value in 2025. Its broad range application is mainly in packing films, wrapping materials, fluid containers, clothing, household, and industrial products, and building materials. This project deals with an effective method of dumping plastic waste that has accumulated. Using plastics in building mortar and plasters can be employed in an effective manner that is completely environment friendly.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133126372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An exponential increase has been seen in the human population in the last few years. To meet the electricity requirement production has to be increased. The dependence on fossil fuels for generation has to be minimized. The practices of fossil fuel have contributed to the environmental degradation and its resources depleted continuously, that’s why the whole world is switching to an alternate or renewable energy options. The electricity sector has to develop more generation capacity to maintain this development. According to 2012 data, only a small fraction (26GW) of India's total installed electricity capacity (210GW) produced from renewable sources. Hence Indian Government wants to shift to renewable forms of energy source share 40-42% of the total energy production i.e., 166GW. The share of wind energy is 60% of the total renewable energy basket, but the contribution from the offshore wind farms is lacking, as the wind energy generated in India is mostly through onshore wind farms. Promotion of offshore wind energy will farm will lead to reduction in dependency on fossil fuels, deplete in greenhouse emissions, increase in environmental conservation and increase employment in India. India is coping up with the industry. Offshore wind energy is an emergent renewable energy industry, and it will become as main source of the future energy for India. This paper deals with the present situation and drift of offshore wind industries in India.
{"title":"Scenario of Offshore Wind Power Generation in India","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.54060/jmce.v3i1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce.v3i1.28","url":null,"abstract":"An exponential increase has been seen in the human population in the last few years. To meet the electricity requirement production has to be increased. The dependence on fossil fuels for generation has to be minimized. The practices of fossil fuel have contributed to the environmental degradation and its resources depleted continuously, that’s why the whole world is switching to an alternate or renewable energy options. The electricity sector has to develop more generation capacity to maintain this development. According to 2012 data, only a small fraction (26GW) of India's total installed electricity capacity (210GW) produced from renewable sources. Hence Indian Government wants to shift to renewable forms of energy source share 40-42% of the total energy production i.e., 166GW. The share of wind energy is 60% of the total renewable energy basket, but the contribution from the offshore wind farms is lacking, as the wind energy generated in India is mostly through onshore wind farms. Promotion of offshore wind energy will farm will lead to reduction in dependency on fossil fuels, deplete in greenhouse emissions, increase in environmental conservation and increase employment in India. India is coping up with the industry. Offshore wind energy is an emergent renewable energy industry, and it will become as main source of the future energy for India. This paper deals with the present situation and drift of offshore wind industries in India.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116017512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon fibers (also known as graphite fibers) are high-performance fibers, about five to ten micrometers in diameter, composed mainly of carbon, with high tensile strength. Plus, they are extremely strong with respect to their size. They have high elastic modulus in comparison with glass fiber. According to the working period, carbon fibre-reinforced polymers possess more potential than those with glass fiber. However, they are relatively expensive as compared to similar fibers, such as glass fiber, basalt fiber, or plastic fiber. Its high quality, lightweight, and imperviousness to erosion, make it a perfect strengthening material. Carbon fibre-reinforced composite materials are used to make aircraft parts, golf club shafts, bike outlines, angling bars, car springs, sailboat masts, and sev-eral different segments which need to have less weight and high quality.
{"title":"Application of Carbon Fibers in Construction","authors":"Shivam Mishra","doi":"10.54060/jmce.v2i2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce.v2i2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fibers (also known as graphite fibers) are high-performance fibers, about five to ten micrometers in diameter, composed mainly of carbon, with high tensile strength. Plus, they are extremely strong with respect to their size. They have high elastic modulus in comparison with glass fiber. According to the working period, carbon fibre-reinforced polymers possess more potential than those with glass fiber. However, they are relatively expensive as compared to similar fibers, such as glass fiber, basalt fiber, or plastic fiber. Its high quality, lightweight, and imperviousness to erosion, make it a perfect strengthening material. Carbon fibre-reinforced composite materials are used to make aircraft parts, golf club shafts, bike outlines, angling bars, car springs, sailboat masts, and sev-eral different segments which need to have less weight and high quality.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130497078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extensive existence of plastic in the environment has a serious effect on the living organism. In this study, the synthesis will be done in small quantity within the lab. Long lifetime, good barrier property, stiffness, tensile strength and tear strength make petro-chemical plastics more popular in society. Inspite of many advantages the plastic is proved to be more threatening for the mankind survival. The expected outcome of this project will be the biodegradable plastic which will be a great relief for society. Life begins from birth in which the play toy of newborn baby is plastic then as they grow up everything surrounding them is plastic, the plastic glass, plastic bottles, plastic buckets, plastic box etc. The research work on production of bio plastic using different plant parts will act as substitute for the plastic substances. For the betterment of living creatures and also for the betterment of the environment bioplastics formed from plant parts are better as compared to that of the plastics formed by traditional method. Due to the non-biodegradability of the plastics, they will be ominous for the whole system as the whole system depends on the plastic. Plastic pollution is responsible for the worsening of the habitat of organisms and the human lifestyle. With the help of this study, we will also analyze the properties such as water absorption capacity and bio-degradability. Mass production of bioplastic will be a great solution for plastic pollution.
{"title":"Production of Bioplastics from Various Plant Parts","authors":"D. Thomas","doi":"10.54060/jmce.v3i1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce.v3i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive existence of plastic in the environment has a serious effect on the living organism. In this study, the synthesis will be done in small quantity within the lab. Long lifetime, good barrier property, stiffness, tensile strength and tear strength make petro-chemical plastics more popular in society. Inspite of many advantages the plastic is proved to be more threatening for the mankind survival. The expected outcome of this project will be the biodegradable plastic which will be a great relief for society. Life begins from birth in which the play toy of newborn baby is plastic then as they grow up everything surrounding them is plastic, the plastic glass, plastic bottles, plastic buckets, plastic box etc. The research work on production of bio plastic using different plant parts will act as substitute for the plastic substances. For the betterment of living creatures and also for the betterment of the environment bioplastics formed from plant parts are better as compared to that of the plastics formed by traditional method. Due to the non-biodegradability of the plastics, they will be ominous for the whole system as the whole system depends on the plastic. Plastic pollution is responsible for the worsening of the habitat of organisms and the human lifestyle. With the help of this study, we will also analyze the properties such as water absorption capacity and bio-degradability. Mass production of bioplastic will be a great solution for plastic pollution.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122603070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of pavement design is to develop pavement constructions in a way that stresses and strains within the constructions due to traffic and climatic conditions do not exceed certain limits, or – in other words – to design pavements, which are able to resist appearing loads during the intended lifetime. As failure due to fatigue is regarded as relevant for the determination of the thickness of the bituminous layers, several criteria exist to predict the technical lifetime on the basis of empirical observations of the fatigue behaviour in the laboratory or in full-scale tests. All these criteria have in common that relevant stresses or strains within the construction are considered, which appear, in general, either as tensile load at the bottom of the bituminous base course or as compressive load at the top of the subgrade. For bituminous layers, for example, single cracks emerging at the bottom of the base course and developing to the surface are regarded as relevant for the structural fatigue of the pavement. At the surface, these single cracks lead to so-called alligator cracking and, hence, decreasing bearing capacity of the pavement construction.
{"title":"Design and Construction of Bituminous Pavements","authors":"Devesh Ojha","doi":"10.54060/jmce.v2i2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce.v2i2.19","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of pavement design is to develop pavement constructions in a way that stresses and strains within the constructions due to traffic and climatic conditions do not exceed certain limits, or – in other words – to design pavements, which are able to resist appearing loads during the intended lifetime. As failure due to fatigue is regarded as relevant for the determination of the thickness of the bituminous layers, several criteria exist to predict the technical lifetime on the basis of empirical observations of the fatigue behaviour in the laboratory or in full-scale tests. All these criteria have in common that relevant stresses or strains within the construction are considered, which appear, in general, either as tensile load at the bottom of the bituminous base course or as compressive load at the top of the subgrade. For bituminous layers, for example, single cracks emerging at the bottom of the base course and developing to the surface are regarded as relevant for the structural fatigue of the pavement. At the surface, these single cracks lead to so-called alligator cracking and, hence, decreasing bearing capacity of the pavement construction.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121202999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most crucial ingredients for life on earth is water. It has played a crucial role in the development of human civilizations, starting with the emergence of the first aspect of existence in seawater. The demand for clean water is universal and essential to all human species. But at the moment, pure water supplies are being poisoned. Water quality and society's level of development have recently been linked. The safety of drinking water has been put in jeopardy by several chemical and biological pollutants. Alternatives for decontaminating and reusing water are among the most desired solutions to address the issues of water shortage and the escalating disputes over this essential resource. A significant issue is the buildup of organic debris and its residues in wastewater. Significant progress has been achieved in using the chemistry of nano-materials for purifying water as a result of the realization of the molecular nature of pollution in drinking water. Due to its capacity to produce precise, structurally controlled materials for such needs, nanotechnology offers exceptional potential in filtering applications. By extending the idea of clean, inexpensive, and sustainable water to the ecosystem as a whole, we point out that cities may live and breathe comfortably by using such technology. Sustainability in clean water may be achieved by comprehending the major environmental issues facing the world and investigating potential solutions from new nanotechnologies.
{"title":"Purification of Water Using Nanotechnology","authors":"Akshita Agarwal, Anushka Goyal","doi":"10.54060/jmce.v3i1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce.v3i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most crucial ingredients for life on earth is water. It has played a crucial role in the development of human civilizations, starting with the emergence of the first aspect of existence in seawater. The demand for clean water is universal and essential to all human species. But at the moment, pure water supplies are being poisoned. Water quality and society's level of development have recently been linked. The safety of drinking water has been put in jeopardy by several chemical and biological pollutants. Alternatives for decontaminating and reusing water are among the most desired solutions to address the issues of water shortage and the escalating disputes over this essential resource. A significant issue is the buildup of organic debris and its residues in wastewater. Significant progress has been achieved in using the chemistry of nano-materials for purifying water as a result of the realization of the molecular nature of pollution in drinking water. Due to its capacity to produce precise, structurally controlled materials for such needs, nanotechnology offers exceptional potential in filtering applications. By extending the idea of clean, inexpensive, and sustainable water to the ecosystem as a whole, we point out that cities may live and breathe comfortably by using such technology. Sustainability in clean water may be achieved by comprehending the major environmental issues facing the world and investigating potential solutions from new nanotechnologies.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126590423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground water is well described through some physical and chemical characteristics viz temperature, pH, turbidity, electric conductivity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total alkalinity, nitrates, chlorides, fluorides and metal ions like calcium, magnesium, iron etc. Ground water is commonly used as drinking water for human worldwide, because it is quite economic, easy to use and less vulnerable to contamination than surface water. Nowadays, industrialization, urbanization, fast growth of civilization and increase in population have led to deterioration of the groundwater quality rapidly. Domestic and industrial discharge, landfills, improper drainage system, seepage through sewer lines, agricultural practices such as intense use of pesticides and fertilizers, uneven rainfall and mismanagement are some of major causes for its pollution. Therefore, it is necessary that the quality of ground water should be checked regularly for some physical and chemical parameters as their presence in water above the permissible limit has a serious effect on human health. Hence assessment of physicochemical characteristics of ground water is very important for human health studies and therefore an important research topic in recent years. In the present work, physicochemical characteristics associated with ground water are reviewed along with their health effects.
{"title":"Review on Physicochemical Characteristics of Ground Water and Their Health Effects","authors":"Purva Vohra","doi":"10.54060/jmce.v3i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce.v3i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"Ground water is well described through some physical and chemical characteristics viz temperature, pH, turbidity, electric conductivity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total alkalinity, nitrates, chlorides, fluorides and metal ions like calcium, magnesium, iron etc. Ground water is commonly used as drinking water for human worldwide, because it is quite economic, easy to use and less vulnerable to contamination than surface water. Nowadays, industrialization, urbanization, fast growth of civilization and increase in population have led to deterioration of the groundwater quality rapidly. Domestic and industrial discharge, landfills, improper drainage system, seepage through sewer lines, agricultural practices such as intense use of pesticides and fertilizers, uneven rainfall and mismanagement are some of major causes for its pollution. Therefore, it is necessary that the quality of ground water should be checked regularly for some physical and chemical parameters as their presence in water above the permissible limit has a serious effect on human health. Hence assessment of physicochemical characteristics of ground water is very important for human health studies and therefore an important research topic in recent years. In the present work, physicochemical characteristics associated with ground water are reviewed along with their health effects.","PeriodicalId":142002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125663126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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