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Health Professionals Men tal Health A oo at their Su erin 健康专家男性心理健康专家在他们的苏林
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.4-12
D. Monteiro, J. Mendes, Carmem Lúcia Colormé Beck
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引用次数: 0
Cannabis Legalization: Perceptions of Psychiatrists and Recovering Users 大麻合法化:精神科医生和康复用户的看法
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.3-09
G. Wink, C. Méa, Tainá Rossi
The legalization of cannabis in Brazil is a topic that is currently being discussed. As well as public health issues, it also involves social, legal and educational aspects. Accordingly, this study aimed to verify the perception of psychiatrists and recovering cannabis users regarding the legalization of cannabis in Brazil. This was an exploratory qualitative study. The study included 20 participants aged 26 to 71 (80% male), 10 composing the group of psychiatrists, and 10 the group of recovering cannabis users. Semi-structured interviews were performed and analyzed using content analysis. The majority of the participants (85%) were not in favor of cannabis legalization Brazil. The reports mentioned physical, psychic and social damage, as well as the absence and ineffi ciency of public policies. However, they were positive regarding cannabidiol treatments for refractory diseases. More studies are needed that contemplate this theme, encompassing other populations, in order to provide better explanations.
巴西的大麻合法化是目前正在讨论的一个话题。除了公共卫生问题外,它还涉及社会、法律和教育方面的问题。因此,本研究旨在验证精神科医生和康复大麻使用者对巴西大麻合法化的看法。这是一项探索性质的研究。该研究包括20名年龄在26至71岁之间的参与者(80%为男性),10名组成精神科医生组,10名康复大麻使用者组。进行半结构化访谈,并使用内容分析进行分析。大多数参与者(85%)不赞成巴西大麻合法化。这些报告提到了身体、精神和社会上的损害,以及公共政策的缺乏和效率低下。然而,他们对大麻二酚治疗难治性疾病持积极态度。需要更多的研究来考虑这一主题,包括其他人群,以便提供更好的解释。
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引用次数: 1
Social Representations on Euthanasia between Students of Law and Medicine: A Comparative Analysis 法律专业学生与医学专业学生对安乐死的社会表征比较分析
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.3-15
J. L. F. Santos, Edclécia Reino Carneiro de Morais, Renata Lira dos Santos Aléssio
The practice of euthanasia activates the debate about the scope of therapeutic eff orts in limited situations and involves the society in the discussion of values and social beliefs implicated in the management of the person. The objective was to analyze the social representations about euthanasia between students of law and medicine. A free association questionnaire was applied with the inductor term: euthanasia, with 120 university students. The data were separately submitted to a prototypical analysis (IRaMuTeQ Software) and to a multiple correspondence analysis MCA (R.TeMiS Software). Through the prototypical analysis, some variations were identifi ed in the central core hypothesis, which referred to the possibility of two distinct social representations. Through the MCA, a lexical fi eld was observed, linked to the image of death for the Medicine group and to values and norms for the Law group, with religion as a signifi cant variable in the reorganization of the representational fi eld, being able to accentuate a negative and condemnatory dimension on this practice.
安乐死的实践激发了关于在有限情况下治疗努力范围的辩论,并使社会参与到有关患者管理的价值观和社会信仰的讨论中。目的是分析法律专业和医学专业学生对安乐死的社会表征。以120名大学生为对象,以“安乐死”为引导词,采用自由联想问卷。数据分别提交给原型分析(IRaMuTeQ Software)和多重对应分析MCA (R.TeMiS Software)。通过原型分析,在中心核心假设中发现了一些变化,该假设指的是两种不同社会表征的可能性。通过MCA,观察到一个词汇场,与医学组的死亡形象和法律组的价值观和规范有关,宗教作为代表性场重组中的一个重要变量,能够强调这种做法的消极和谴责方面。
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引用次数: 1
Peers as Agents of Dating Violence Prevention: Feasibility Analysis of an Intervention 同伴作为约会暴力预防的代理人:干预的可行性分析
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.3-03
Karine Brito dos Santos, S. G. Murta
The present study examined feasibility evidence of a peer-based intervention in preventing dating violence by monitoring process indicators during the implementation phase of pilot studies. Two pilot studies were carried out in cities from diff erent Brazilian regions with the participation of 25 high schoolers. Quantitative and qualitative measurements were used and this data was explored, respectively, by frequency count and content analysis. The study identifi ed, on the one hand, evidence supporting the intervention, with good indicators of satisfaction and participant involvement, but on the other hand, contextual barriers that hampered recruitment, restricted the reach of the intervention, prevented the delivery of the number of planned sessions, and created roadblocks to the participants’ adherence. In spite of such barriers, monitored process indicators testify in favor of the acceptability of the intervention if integrated into the school curriculum and changed its format to make it shorter.
本研究通过监测试点研究实施阶段的过程指标,审查了以同伴为基础的干预措施预防约会暴力的可行性证据。在巴西不同地区的城市进行了两项试点研究,有25名高中生参加。使用定量和定性测量,并分别通过频率计数和内容分析来探索这些数据。该研究一方面确定了支持干预的证据,具有良好的满意度和参与者参与指标,但另一方面,背景障碍阻碍了招募,限制了干预的范围,阻止了计划会议的交付,并为参与者的坚持设置了障碍。尽管存在这些障碍,但监测到的过程指标证明,如果将干预纳入学校课程并改变其格式使其更短,则是可以接受的。
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引用次数: 5
Community Resilience: A Case Study of a Community of Fortaleza, CE 社区恢复力:以西班牙福塔莱萨社区为例
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.3-13
Ana Oliveira, N. A. Morais
The study aims to understand community resilience processes (CR) and their related factors, through a case study of a community in Fortaleza, CE, which originated from an urban occupation and was characterized by low social indicators. A single case study was performed, based on the Ecological Insertion and on 10 interviews conducted with community leaders and inhabitants. The data were submitted to Content Analysis and two categories of analysis were identifi ed: adversities experienced and factors that favor community resilience. The main adversities relate to structural diffi culties, violence and stigma from violence associated with the location. CR processes are illustrated in the community struggles for basic rights and are based on the following factors: social capital, cultural ties and the infrastructure that supports the growth of the community. This demonstrates the relevance of the concept of CR in the study of adversities, such as poverty and violence, which are historically less emphasized in studies concerning CR, even though these are the most chronic and frequent within the Brazilian context.
本研究以西班牙福塔莱萨市某社区为例,探讨社区恢复力过程及其影响因素。该社区起源于城市职业,社会指标较低。基于生态插入和对社区领导人和居民进行的10次访谈,进行了单一案例研究。将数据提交给Content Analysis,并确定了两类分析:经历的逆境和有利于社区恢复力的因素。主要的逆境涉及结构性困难、暴力和与地点有关的暴力造成的耻辱。社会责任过程体现在社区争取基本权利的斗争中,它基于以下因素:社会资本、文化纽带和支持社区发展的基础设施。这证明了社会责任概念在逆境研究中的相关性,例如贫困和暴力,这些逆境在历史上较少受到社会责任研究的重视,尽管这些逆境在巴西的背景下是最长期和最频繁的。
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引用次数: 2
Representational Structure of Vitiligo: Non-Restrictive Skin Marks 白癜风的代表性结构:非限制性皮肤印记
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.3-02
E. Bú, Maria da Penha de Lima Coutinho
Utilizing the structural approach of the Social Representations Theory, which allows an order and understanding of the reality lived by individuals/groups, this study intends to identify the central nucleus and peripheral systems of the Social Representations of Vitiligo, as well as the representational structure of the self-image that people with the aff ection possess. For this, 370 Brazilians with Vitiligo from all regions of Brazil, aged from 18 to 67 (M=35.71, SD=12.11) and predominantly female (80.7%), were enrolled in a study through the online completion of a social-demographic questionnaire and the Free Word Association Technique (FWAT). In the FWAT, participants’ responses were stimulated using the inductors “Vitiligo” and “Myself”, the latter being related to the self-perception that the person with the disease experiences. The data were analyzed using prototypical lexicographic analysis, performed by the Evocation 2000 software. The results indicated, from the prominence of psychosocial evocations in the representational structure of Vitiligo and the participants’ self-image, that Vitiligo’s eff ects are not restricted to the skin, but overlap and negatively aff ect the social experience and self-concept of people
本研究利用社会表征理论的结构方法,对个体/群体的现实生活进行有序和理解,旨在确定白癜风社会表征的中心核和外围系统,以及aff患者所拥有的自我形象的表征结构。为此,来自巴西所有地区的370名患有白癜风的巴西人,年龄从18岁到67岁(M=35.71, SD=12.11),主要是女性(80.7%),通过在线完成社会人口调查问卷和自由单词联想技术(FWAT)参与了一项研究。在FWAT中,参与者的反应是用诱导器“白癜风”和“我自己”来刺激的,后者与疾病患者经历的自我感知有关。使用Evocation 2000软件对数据进行了原型词典分析。结果表明,从白癜风表征结构和参与者自我形象中突出的社会心理唤起来看,白癜风的影响并不局限于皮肤,而是重叠并对人们的社会经验和自我概念产生负面影响
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引用次数: 3
Development and Psychometric Analysis of the Brief Inventory of Academic Procrastination 学业拖延症简要量表的编制与心理测量分析
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.3-07
Gabriela Ballardin Geara, C. Nunes, Nelson Hauck-Filho, M. Teixeira
Academic procrastination is characterized by the non-strategic postponement of commitments, implying a delay in starting or completing actions or decisions related to academic activities. This article describes the construction and psychometric analysis of a new self-report tool for the assessment of a broad spectrum of latent academic procrastination. Participants were 172 students from diff erent undergraduate courses of a university in São Paulo (mean age = 23.66; standard deviation = 6.61; 68% women). Factor analyses conducted on an initial 60-item pool yielded a unidimensional 20-item set, with items loading from moderate to high in a general factor of academic procrastination. Reliability found for the scale was .91 according to the alpha coeffi cient, and .93 according to omega, with a wide latent coverage, as suggested by the test information curve. The resulting instrument is available for research purposes in Brazil, and can be included in questionnaires of large-scale education assessments.
学业拖延症的特征是对承诺的非战略性推迟,意味着在开始或完成与学术活动有关的行动或决策方面的延迟。本文描述了一种新的自我报告工具的构建和心理测量分析,用于评估广泛的潜在学业拖延症。研究对象为来自圣保罗市某大学不同本科专业的172名学生(平均年龄23.66岁;标准差= 6.61;68%的女性)。对最初的60个项目池进行的因素分析产生了一个单维的20个项目集,这些项目在学业拖延的一般因素中从中等到高的负荷。根据alpha系数,量表的信度为0.91,根据omega系数,量表的信度为0.93,从检验信息曲线可以看出,量表的潜在覆盖范围很广。由此产生的工具可用于巴西的研究目的,并可列入大规模教育评价调查表。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of a Psychoeducational Intervention in the Development of Social and Communication Skills for Incoming Medical Students at a Bilingual University 心理教育干预对双语大学医学生社交和沟通技能发展的影响
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.3-11
R. Zazula, S. Appenzeller
Concerns about social skills in academic and professional settings are rarely considered. Undergraduate students and professionals without social and communication skills lead to an increase in the incidence of malpractice claims and interpersonal confl icts. The study is aimed at evaluating a psychoeducational intervention focused on improving social skills for incoming medical students at a bilingual university. A psychoeducational intervention was conducted in a required course from fi rst academic term with 57 incoming medical students from Brazil and other Latin America Countries whose average age was 21.28 (SD = 4.04). The psychoeducational intervention occurred fortnightly for seven sessions which aimed to develop theoretical knowledge about communication and interpersonal relationships in academic and professional settings, interpersonal patterns, teamwork, and interpersonal problem solving. Prior and after the intervention, the students answered two self-report instruments to identify social skills and their academic experience. After the intervention, there was a signifi cant average increase in scores related to social skills and academic experience. These increases were evident in the dimension/factor scores, as well as the total scores. The results demonstrated the importance of early and short-term interventions as a way to develop social and communication skills.
在学术和专业环境中对社交技能的关注很少被考虑。缺乏社交和沟通技能的大学生和专业人员导致医疗事故索赔和人际冲突的发生率增加。本研究旨在评估一所双语大学医学生的心理教育干预,以提高他们的社交技能。对57名平均年龄21.28岁(SD = 4.04)的巴西等拉美国家医学生,从第一学期开始在必修课程中进行心理教育干预。心理教育干预每两周进行七次,旨在发展关于学术和专业环境下沟通和人际关系、人际模式、团队合作和人际问题解决的理论知识。在干预之前和之后,学生们回答了两份自我报告,以确定他们的社交技能和学术经历。在干预之后,与社交技能和学术经历相关的分数有了显著的平均增长。这些增长在维度/因素得分以及总分中都很明显。研究结果表明,早期和短期干预是发展社交和沟通技能的重要途径。
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引用次数: 2
Electroencephalogram Evidence for Memory Suppression: A Systematic Review 记忆抑制的脑电图证据:系统回顾
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.3-01
Camila A. Dutra, Francielle Machado Beria, I. Ligório, Gustavo Gauer
Understanding how people forget is one of the fundamental goals of the science of memory. Recent studies indicate that humans can voluntarily regulate awareness of unwanted memories by stopping the retrieval process that would ordinarily bring past experience into awareness. Event-related potential (ERP) research on memory retrieval reveals that electrophysiological eff ects with specifi c timing and scalp topography serve as markers of memory processes. This systematic review examines the literature regarding EEG alterations in memory suppression, highlighting their results on electrophysiological indicators. A systematic review from January 2007 to November 2017 was conducted using PubMed, Embase and ScienceDirect databases. As results, 12 studies were eligible for inclusion. Quantitative EEG can be a objective tool for studying the mechanisms involved in memory suppression. There is evidence that a parietal positivity around 400–800ms after cue presentation is an ERP marker of conscious recollection during memory retrieval and a larger N2 defl ection during retrieval suppression predicted greater suppression-induced forgetting.
了解人们是如何遗忘的是记忆科学的基本目标之一。最近的研究表明,人类可以通过停止通常将过去的经验带入意识的检索过程,自愿地调节对不想要的记忆的意识。事件相关电位(event -相关电位,ERP)研究表明,特定时间和头皮地形的电生理效应是记忆过程的标记。这篇系统的综述检查了关于记忆抑制的脑电图改变的文献,突出了他们在电生理指标上的结果。对2007年1月至2017年11月的PubMed、Embase和ScienceDirect数据库进行了系统评价。结果,12项研究符合纳入条件。定量脑电图是研究记忆抑制机制的客观工具。有证据表明,提示出现后400-800ms左右的顶叶正性是记忆提取过程中有意识回忆的ERP标记,提取抑制过程中较大的N2偏转预示着更大的抑制诱导遗忘。
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引用次数: 2
Development of a Scale to Measure Histrionic Traits According to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology 基于精神病理学层次分类的表演特征测量量表的开发
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.9788/tp2019.3-08
Lucas de Francisco Carvalho, C. Sette, B. L. Ferrari
The aim of this study was to develop a version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) focusing on the Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) traits according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model, and to verify its psychometric properties. The method was divided into two stages. The fi rst was related to the revision procedures of the IDCP-2 based on the HiTOP, focusing on the assessment of features typical of HPD. The second aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the new version of the IDCP-2 (i.e., IDCP-HPD) in a convenience sample (N=208), mainly composed of women, with data collection carried out online. The IDCP-HPD was administered with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and Five-Factor Histrionic Inventory (FFHI) factors. Of the 16 initial traits provided by the HiTOP, 8 were selected as relevant for the HPD and 17 items were selected to compose the new factors. The 4 factor solution found through exploratory structural equation modeling, the correlations with the external measures and the eff ects found in the between-group comparisons suggest the psychometric adequacy of the IDCP-HPD. The fi ndings of this study should be interpreted as initial evidence for the IDCP-HPD, indicating the practicality of the test.
本研究的目的是根据精神病理学层次分类(HiTOP)模型,编制以表演型人格障碍(HPD)为主要特征的临床人格量表(IDCP-2),并对其心理计量学特性进行验证。该方法分为两个阶段。第一个是基于HiTOP的IDCP-2的修订程序,重点是对HPD典型特征的评估。第二项目的是在以女性为主的便利样本(N=208)中验证新版IDCP-2(即IDCP-HPD)的心理测量特性,数据收集在网上进行。IDCP-HPD采用DSM-5人格量表(PID-5)和五因素表演量表(FFHI)进行管理。在HiTOP提供的16个初始性状中,选择8个与HPD相关,选择17个组成新因子。通过探索性结构方程模型得到的4因子解、与外部测量的相关性以及组间比较发现的效应表明IDCP-HPD的心理测量充分性。本研究的结果应被解释为IDCP-HPD的初步证据,表明该测试的实用性。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Temas em Psicologia
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