Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2021.104012
Bilal Kemal, Dereje Adeba
Dabus sub-basin is one of the main tributaries of Blue Nile with a considerable surface water potential which can be used for hydro power, irrigation, and water supply. Lack of studies regarding surface water potential and demands at the sub-basin level is the reason why this potential was underutilized. The objective of this study is to assess the surface water potential and evaluate the current and future demand by using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model at Dabus sub-basin. The model was constructed on four different scenarios starting from the current account (2020) wherein all the data is filled into the model to estimate the surface water potential and demands for different sectors. The scenarios include Scenario 1: reference scenario; Scenario 2: Change in population growth rate; Scenario 3: Irrigation water demand projection; and Scenario 4: Increased domestic water demand. The scenario has helped in analyzing “what if” questions. For all the scenarios the overall demand, coverage and unmet demand were analyzed based on three-time horizon as (2020-2030, 2030-2040, and 2040-2050). The model estimated the average annual flow as 6.536 Billion Cubic Meter (BCM) which is generated from annual precipitation of 14.987 BCM. The model showed 100% demand coverage for all the scenarios except the irrigation demand projection scenario which have unmet demand on some of the months of the year.
{"title":"Surface Water Potential Assessment and Water Demand Evaluation (A Case of Dabus Watershed, Blue Nile Basin)","authors":"Bilal Kemal, Dereje Adeba","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2021.104012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2021.104012","url":null,"abstract":"Dabus sub-basin is one of the main tributaries of Blue Nile with a \u0000considerable surface water potential which can be used for hydro power, \u0000irrigation, and water supply. Lack of studies regarding surface water potential \u0000and demands at the sub-basin level is the reason why this potential was \u0000underutilized. The objective of this study is to assess the surface water \u0000potential and evaluate the current and future demand by using Water Evaluation \u0000and Planning (WEAP) model at Dabus sub-basin. The model was constructed on four \u0000different scenarios starting from the current account (2020) wherein all the \u0000data is filled into the model to estimate the surface water potential and \u0000demands for different sectors. The scenarios include Scenario 1: reference \u0000scenario; Scenario 2: Change in population growth rate; Scenario 3: Irrigation \u0000water demand projection; and Scenario 4: Increased domestic water demand. The \u0000scenario has helped in analyzing “what if” questions. For all the scenarios the \u0000overall demand, coverage and unmet demand were analyzed based on three-time horizon as (2020-2030, 2030-2040, and \u00002040-2050). The model estimated the average annual flow as 6.536 Billion Cubic \u0000Meter (BCM) which is generated from annual precipitation of 14.987 BCM. The \u0000model showed 100% demand coverage for all the scenarios except the irrigation demand \u0000projection scenario which have unmet demand on some of the months of the year.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125415033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2021.104010
Ziyang Feng
Taking 91105 working face as the research object, the observation method of water flowing fractured zone and the layout of mining holes were determined by analyzing the field geological structure. It was shown that the fractured zone height and the ratio given by the measured method were 52.33 and 12.46, respectively. By the numerical simulation method with the software of UDEC, the fractured zone height and the ratio were 42.5 and 10.12. By comparison of measured height data and UDEC numerical simulation, there were some differences between the measured height and the calculated results of UDEC numerical simulation method. The method of simulation can be used as the technical basis for the design of waterproof coal pillar in the future.
{"title":"Height Detection and Analysis of Water Flowing Fractured Zone of Coal Face","authors":"Ziyang Feng","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2021.104010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2021.104010","url":null,"abstract":"Taking 91105 working face as the research object, the observation method \u0000of water flowing fractured zone \u0000and the layout of mining holes were determined by analyzing the field \u0000geological structure. It was shown that the fractured zone height and the ratio given by the \u0000measured method were 52.33 and 12.46, respectively. By the numerical simulation \u0000method with the software of UDEC, the fractured zone height and the ratio were \u000042.5 and 10.12. By comparison of measured height data and UDEC numerical \u0000simulation, there were some differences between the measured height and the \u0000calculated results of UDEC numerical simulation method. The method of \u0000simulation can be used as the technical basis for the design of waterproof coal \u0000pillar in the future.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131507266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2021.103009
K. Anoh, K. Konan, S. Eblin, Ange Victorine Atcho, K. Kouassi
The city of Bouake, the second biggest city of Cote d’Ivoire, experienced a water shortage in 2018 that lasted four months due to the drying up of the Loka reservoir, which supplies two-thirds of the city. The challenge of the Loka reservoir is that it is located in an ungauged basin where very few hydrological studies have been carried out, despite the recurrent problems of access to drinking water. In the purpose to better understand the phenomena that caused this temporary drying of the dam, the methodology implemented was based on agro-hydrological modeling with SWAT using a regionalization technique of a nearby watershed. The model performance was assessed using three statistical indices (the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS), the coefficient of determination (R2) and the percentage of bias (PBIAS)) and the visual appreciation of hydrographs for monthly series. The statistical indices appear satisfactory with a NS and R2 ≥ 0.6 both for calibration and validation, and a PBIAS of -11.2 and -3.8 respectively for calibration and validation. The hydrological modeling of Loka basin has shown the impact of climate change already reported by some authors as well as anthropization. Thus, while the reservoir records a decrease in its water volume estimated at 384,604 m3 each year, the water demand undergoes an increase of 122,033 m3 per year.
{"title":"Contribution of Agro-Hydrological Modeling in the Evaluation of Water Availability of an Ungauged Basin Reservoir in Côte d’Ivoire: Case of the Loka Reservoir in Bouaké","authors":"K. Anoh, K. Konan, S. Eblin, Ange Victorine Atcho, K. Kouassi","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2021.103009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2021.103009","url":null,"abstract":"The \u0000city of Bouake, the second biggest city of Cote d’Ivoire, experienced \u0000a water shortage in 2018 that lasted four months due to the drying up of the \u0000Loka reservoir, which supplies two-thirds of the city. The challenge of the \u0000Loka reservoir is that it is located in an ungauged basin where very few \u0000hydrological studies have been carried out, despite the recurrent problems of \u0000access to drinking water. In the purpose to better understand the phenomena \u0000that caused this temporary drying of the dam, the methodology implemented was \u0000based on agro-hydrological modeling with SWAT using a regionalization technique \u0000of a nearby watershed. The model performance was assessed using three \u0000statistical indices (the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS), the coefficient of determination \u0000(R2) and the percentage of bias (PBIAS)) and the visual appreciation \u0000of hydrographs for monthly series. The statistical indices appear satisfactory \u0000with a NS and R2 ≥ 0.6 both for calibration and validation, and a \u0000PBIAS of -11.2 and -3.8 respectively for calibration and validation. The hydrological \u0000modeling of Loka basin has shown the impact of climate change already reported \u0000by some authors as well as anthropization. Thus, while the reservoir records a \u0000decrease in its water volume estimated at 384,604 m3 each year, the \u0000water demand undergoes an increase of 122,033 m3 per year.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130861938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-13DOI: 10.4236/CWEEE.2021.102003
Ernest Kyekyere, Hiram Ndiritu, Meshack Hawi, Polline Mwambe
Solar water heaters which provide a cost-effective and environmental friendly approach to hot water generation are in widespread application. Evacuated tube solar water heaters perform better than flat plate solar water heaters as a result of their greater surface area exposed for sunlight absorption. Water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters are widely used as compared to heat-pipe solar water heaters due to their short payback periods. In this study, the performance of water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater is investigated through experiments under the climatic conditions in Kenya. The results revealed a daily efficiency range of 0.58 - 0.65 and a daily final outlet temperature greater than 55°C given an initial temperature of 25°C.
{"title":"Performance of Water in Glass Evacuated Tube Solar Water Heater under Kenya Climatic Condition","authors":"Ernest Kyekyere, Hiram Ndiritu, Meshack Hawi, Polline Mwambe","doi":"10.4236/CWEEE.2021.102003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/CWEEE.2021.102003","url":null,"abstract":"Solar water heaters which provide a cost-effective and environmental friendly approach to hot water generation are in widespread application. Evacuated tube solar water heaters perform better than flat plate solar water heaters as a result of their greater surface area exposed for sunlight absorption. Water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters are widely used as compared to heat-pipe solar water heaters due to their short payback periods. In this study, the performance of water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater is investigated through experiments under the climatic conditions in Kenya. The results revealed a daily efficiency range of 0.58 - 0.65 and a daily final outlet temperature greater than 55°C given an initial temperature of 25°C.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133291013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.4236/CWEEE.2021.102005
A. Ortega, D. Menicucci
This article reports on a case study of the research and development of a new tool to assist in the design of rainwater cisterns. A rainwater cistern is a way to improve wildlife habitat because it can be situated in locations that do not have natural water sources, such as streams or wells that can supply water for storage. However, the design and sizing of such a system can be challenging because a number of constantly varying factors must be considered, such as changing precipitation patterns, the evaporative losses from the cistern and animal water consumption. No standardized sizing methodology currently exists for designing wildlife rainwater cisterns. In this article we present a new method for assisting in optimally sizing a rainwater cistern. We discuss how we implemented the quantitative portion of this methodology into a new Excel? model called CISMOD, which we configured for general use by wildlife professionals. We describe the methodology for designing a rainwater cistern based on standard engineering techniques. We then present and discuss our experience in applying the model to design two rainwater cisterns in an area of the Jemez Mountains in northern New Mexico, USA. The CISMOD model and a user manual are available at no cost for wildlife professionals.
{"title":"The Development and Application of CISMOD 1.0, a New Computerized Tool for Designing Wildlife Rainwater Cisterns","authors":"A. Ortega, D. Menicucci","doi":"10.4236/CWEEE.2021.102005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/CWEEE.2021.102005","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a case study of the research and development of a \u0000new tool to assist in the design of rainwater cisterns. A rainwater cistern is \u0000a way to improve wildlife habitat because it can be situated in locations that \u0000do not have natural water sources, such as streams or wells that can supply \u0000water for storage. However, the design and sizing of such a system can be \u0000challenging because a number of constantly varying factors must be considered, \u0000such as changing precipitation patterns, the evaporative losses from the \u0000cistern and animal water consumption. No \u0000standardized sizing methodology currently exists for designing wildlife \u0000rainwater cisterns. In this article we present a new method for assisting in \u0000optimally sizing a rainwater cistern. We discuss how we implemented the \u0000quantitative portion of this methodology into a new Excel? model called CISMOD, \u0000which we configured for general use by wildlife professionals. We describe the \u0000methodology for designing a rainwater cistern based on standard engineering \u0000techniques. We then present and discuss our experience in applying the model to \u0000design two rainwater cisterns in an area of the Jemez Mountains in northern New \u0000Mexico, USA. The CISMOD model and a user manual are available at no cost for \u0000wildlife professionals.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126712451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-17DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2020.94008
Lai-hu Peng
With the increasing integration of intermittent power sources (IPSs) into the power system, the uncertainty of IPSs requires solution and current dispatch system needs improvement. This paper aims to generate the optimal dispatch plan for day-ahead scheduling and real-time dispatch using the proposed model of characteristic optimal power flow (COPF). The integral time period represented by the median load point and the heavy and light load point with simplicity and accuracy. Simulation case studies on a 30-bus system are presented, which shows that COPF is an effective model to generate the optimal dispatch plan for power systems with high penetration of IPSs.
{"title":"Optimal Dispatch in Power Systems with Intermittent Power Sources","authors":"Lai-hu Peng","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2020.94008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2020.94008","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing integration of intermittent \u0000power sources (IPSs) into the power system, the uncertainty of IPSs requires \u0000solution and current dispatch system needs improvement. This paper aims to \u0000generate the optimal dispatch plan for day-ahead scheduling and real-time \u0000dispatch using the proposed model of characteristic optimal power flow (COPF). \u0000The integral time period represented by the median load point and the heavy and \u0000light load point with simplicity and accuracy. Simulation case studies on a \u000030-bus system are presented, which shows that COPF is an effective model to generate the optimal \u0000dispatch plan for power systems with high penetration of IPSs.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123284616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-26DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2020.92003
Yuanfa Li
Water pollution has become one of the most pressing health crises in the world. Water pollution control began as early as the late 1800s. In 2008, there were 14,780 municipal wastewater treatment plants operating in the United States. These plants range in size from a few hundred gallons per day (GPD) to over 1.445 billion gallons (MGD) per day. Wastewater treatment facilities are designed and constructed or upgraded to reduce the amount and diversity of pollutants. This article gives a review of the current industrial wastewater treatment technology in recent years, including treatment principles, advantages and disadvantages of each method, and the corresponding applications. Also, this article reviewed two common biological technologies Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) and Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (ANMBR) technology, by assessing their advantages, disadvantages, and costs, and provides resources for further technical research. This article can serve as a guide for anyone seeking information on innovative and emerging industry wastewater treatment technologies.
{"title":"Technology Review and Selection Guide for Industry Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Yuanfa Li","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2020.92003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2020.92003","url":null,"abstract":"Water \u0000pollution has become one of the most pressing health crises in the world. Water \u0000pollution control began as early as the late 1800s. In 2008, there were 14,780 \u0000municipal wastewater treatment plants operating in the United States. These plants range in size from a few hundred gallons per \u0000day (GPD) to over 1.445 billion gallons (MGD) per day. Wastewater treatment \u0000facilities are designed and constructed or upgraded to reduce the amount and \u0000diversity of pollutants. This article gives a review of the current industrial \u0000wastewater treatment technology in recent years, including treatment \u0000principles, advantages and disadvantages of each method, and the corresponding \u0000applications. Also, this article reviewed two common biological technologies \u0000Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) and Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor \u0000(ANMBR) technology, by assessing their advantages, disadvantages, and costs, \u0000and provides resources for further technical research. This article can serve \u0000as a guide for anyone seeking information on innovative and emerging industry \u0000wastewater treatment technologies.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129512835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2019.84007
E. Tsirogiannis, P. Angelidis, N. Kotsovinos
The mixing characteristics in the marine environment of the Euboean Gulf are studied. The Estuarine and Lake CΟmputer Model three-dimensional hydrodynamic model has been used, to simulate numerically the effects of the strong tide conditions, the atmospheric forcing, and the oceanographic conditions. Water age was calculated in all computational cells and its renewal was examined with the “pure” water of the open sea both on the surface layers, where the effect of tide and wind was pronounced, as well as on the deeper layers and bottom. It was investigated if in surface layers the tide and the wind restore the water of the study area, thus preventing its renewal. In the remote area, the mixing and dilution of the pollutants contained in the treated municipal waste of five installed diffusers in this complex hydrodynamic field, generated by the aforementioned loads, is simulated. It was found that even a slight stratification density has the effect of restricting the vertical mixing and entrapment of dirt in the deeper layers. The combined impact of municipal waste effluents on selected areas of high economic, tourist and environmental value in the Euboean Gulf was assessed. It was found out, that the Diffuser 2 has a great effect in all the five selected areas, because it has greater waste water discharge and because of the tide, who produce a velocity field and transfer the pollutants in longer distances. It was also investigated indicatively in an important area, whether the presence of tide contributes to better mixing and dispersing of pollutants and to better water quality or, on the contrary, as it restores remote pollutants that were released earlier.
{"title":"Mixing Characteristics under Tide, Meteorological and Oceanographic Conditions in the Euboean Gulf Greece","authors":"E. Tsirogiannis, P. Angelidis, N. Kotsovinos","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2019.84007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2019.84007","url":null,"abstract":"The mixing characteristics in the marine environment of the Euboean Gulf \u0000are studied. The Estuarine and Lake CΟmputer Model three-dimensional \u0000hydrodynamic model has been used, to simulate numerically the effects of the \u0000strong tide conditions, the atmospheric forcing, and the oceanographic conditions. Water age was calculated in \u0000all computational cells and its renewal was \u0000examined with the “pure” water of the open sea \u0000both on the surface layers, where the effect of tide and wind was \u0000pronounced, as well as on the deeper layers and bottom. It was investigated if \u0000in surface layers the tide and the wind restore the water of the study area, \u0000thus preventing its renewal. In the remote area, the mixing and dilution of the \u0000pollutants contained in the treated municipal waste of five installed diffusers \u0000in this complex hydrodynamic field, generated by the aforementioned loads, is \u0000simulated. It was found that even a slight stratification density has the \u0000effect of restricting the vertical mixing and entrapment of dirt in the deeper \u0000layers. The combined impact of municipal \u0000waste effluents on selected areas of high economic, tourist and \u0000environmental value in the Euboean Gulf was assessed. It was found out, that \u0000the Diffuser 2 has a great effect in all the five selected areas, because it \u0000has greater waste water discharge and because of the tide, who produce a \u0000velocity field and transfer the pollutants in longer distances. It was also \u0000investigated indicatively in an important area, whether the presence of tide \u0000contributes to better mixing and dispersing of pollutants and to better water \u0000quality or, on the contrary, as it restores remote pollutants that were \u0000released earlier.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"2005 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116847210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-12DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2019.84006
K. Kali, M. Islam, Must. Asma Yasmin, Sangita Das, Komol Kanta Sharker
This paper presents a performance study of silicon-based multi-junction (MJ) solar cell which is produced by Spectrolab is the most efficient solar cell in the world, with a record efficiency of over 40%. The I-V characteristics of solar cells were investigated for different environmental conditions (both at indoor and outdoor). Photovoltaic (PV) parameters like short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (?) were evaluated for the fabricated cell. The fabricated cell provides I-V characteristics curve which shows that the maximum efficiency of the cell is obtained when the cell temperature is lower. It was also observed that, efficiencies of the cells are about 17% to 24% at indoor and 7% to 20% at outdoor and fill factors are 0.40 to 0.71. From the result, it can also be found that fill factor is directly affected by the values of the cells series and shunt resistance.
{"title":"Performance Study of Silicon-Based Multi-Junction Solar Cell","authors":"K. Kali, M. Islam, Must. Asma Yasmin, Sangita Das, Komol Kanta Sharker","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2019.84006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2019.84006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a performance study of silicon-based multi-junction \u0000(MJ) solar cell which is produced by Spectrolab is the most efficient solar \u0000cell in the world, with a record efficiency of over 40%. The I-V \u0000characteristics of solar cells were investigated for different environmental \u0000conditions (both at indoor and outdoor). Photovoltaic (PV) parameters like \u0000short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), \u0000fill factor (FF) and efficiency (?) \u0000were evaluated for the fabricated cell. The fabricated cell provides I-V characteristics curve which shows \u0000that the maximum efficiency of the cell is obtained when the cell temperature \u0000is lower. It was also observed that, efficiencies of the cells are about 17% to \u000024% at indoor and 7% to 20% at outdoor and fill factors are 0.40 to 0.71. From the result, it can also be found that fill factor is directly \u0000affected by the values of the cells series and shunt resistance.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123968708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.4236/CWEEE.2019.83004
E. Tsirogiannis, P. Angelidis, N. Kotsovinos
Hydrodynamic circulation in the marine environment, characterized by the effects of the intense tide conditions, the atmospheric loading, and the bathymetry, constitutes a complex phenomenon. The present paper deals with the numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic circulation of the Gulf of Evoikos, which is characterized by the existence of a strong tide. The Estuarine and Lake CΟmputer Model three-dimensional hydrodynamic model has been used, which, besides the tide, takes into consideration the atmospheric forces acting on the surface of the study area, such as the solar radiation, the atmospheric pressure, the relative humidity, the rainfall height, the air temperature and the wind speed and direction. The physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the water circulation under tide conditions are examined such as the salinity, the water temperature, the density stratification, the flow velocities, the tracer concentration, etc. These characteristics are absolutely critical for the diffusion and dispersion of passive pollutants, the water flow renewal, and the general environmental situation.
{"title":"Hydrodynamic Circulation under Tide Conditions at the Gulf of Evoikos, Greece","authors":"E. Tsirogiannis, P. Angelidis, N. Kotsovinos","doi":"10.4236/CWEEE.2019.83004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/CWEEE.2019.83004","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrodynamic circulation in the marine environment, characterized by the effects of the intense tide conditions, the atmospheric loading, and the bathymetry, constitutes a complex phenomenon. The present paper deals with the numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic circulation of the Gulf of Evoikos, which is characterized by the existence of a strong tide. The Estuarine and Lake CΟmputer Model three-dimensional hydrodynamic model has been used, which, besides the tide, takes into consideration the atmospheric forces acting on the surface of the study area, such as the solar radiation, the atmospheric pressure, the relative humidity, the rainfall height, the air temperature and the wind speed and direction. The physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the water circulation under tide conditions are examined such as the salinity, the water temperature, the density stratification, the flow velocities, the tracer concentration, etc. These characteristics are absolutely critical for the diffusion and dispersion of passive pollutants, the water flow renewal, and the general environmental situation.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115825591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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