Pub Date : 2019-06-26DOI: 10.4236/CWEEE.2019.83005
H. Diakité, Yujuan Gao, A. Touré
This study focused to determine the bacteriological quality of different commonly used water sources, including boreholes, hand pumps, surface water, household containers, dug well and cement reservoirs in Pelengana commune, in Mali with special reference to the internally displaced people camps. Four hundred and eight water samples were collected from different sites and sources, from July 2016 to June 2017. Water samples were examined for total coliform, fecal coliform and fecal enterococci counts using the most probable number method. Also, samples were investigated for the presence of enteric bacteria isolated, namely Escherichia coli, Enterococcus fecalis, Bacillus, Citrobacter and Enterobacter. Results revealed that the three indicators bacteria (Total Coliform (48.7%), Fecal Coliform (100%), and Fecal enterococci (37.01%)) were found above permissible limit for drinking water. The highest number of the indicators bacteria found was 1800 TC/100ml water. Enteric bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (25.7%), Enterococcus fecalis (21.91%), Bacillus (16.72%), Enterobacter (4.56%) and Citrobacter (3.91%). The most contaminated water source was surface water (15.28%) followed by household containers (13.65%), boreholes (8.75%), cement reservoirs (7.47%), hand pumps (5.31%) and dug wells (2.7%). These findings illustrate that contamination varied with seasons, and the highest level was observed in rainy season (30.02%) compared to the dry season (23.14%). All sources of water in the study sites were contaminated. It is suggested that the outright prevention of surface water consumption should be employed and monitoring of the quality of water resources is needed.
{"title":"Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Light of Water Quality in the Pelengana Commune of Segou Region","authors":"H. Diakité, Yujuan Gao, A. Touré","doi":"10.4236/CWEEE.2019.83005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/CWEEE.2019.83005","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused to determine the bacteriological quality of different commonly used water sources, including boreholes, hand pumps, surface water, household containers, dug well and cement reservoirs in Pelengana commune, in Mali with special reference to the internally displaced people camps. Four hundred and eight water samples were collected from different sites and sources, from July 2016 to June 2017. Water samples were examined for total coliform, fecal coliform and fecal enterococci counts using the most probable number method. Also, samples were investigated for the presence of enteric bacteria isolated, namely Escherichia coli, Enterococcus fecalis, Bacillus, Citrobacter and Enterobacter. Results revealed that the three indicators bacteria (Total Coliform (48.7%), Fecal Coliform (100%), and Fecal enterococci (37.01%)) were found above permissible limit for drinking water. The highest number of the indicators bacteria found was 1800 TC/100ml water. Enteric bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (25.7%), Enterococcus fecalis (21.91%), Bacillus (16.72%), Enterobacter (4.56%) and Citrobacter (3.91%). The most contaminated water source was surface water (15.28%) followed by household containers (13.65%), boreholes (8.75%), cement reservoirs (7.47%), hand pumps (5.31%) and dug wells (2.7%). These findings illustrate that contamination varied with seasons, and the highest level was observed in rainy season (30.02%) compared to the dry season (23.14%). All sources of water in the study sites were contaminated. It is suggested that the outright prevention of surface water consumption should be employed and monitoring of the quality of water resources is needed.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128188575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.4236/CWEEE.2019.82003
G. Vasco, Jones S. Silva, A. Beluco, E. G. Rossini, José Deivison de Souza
The search for alternatives to traditional sources of electric energy opens the way for a new market in the world, and for Brazil in particular. Still in its first steps, but with immense potential, the generation of energy from solar irradiation and hydroelectric plants in hybrid systems is an important alternative. On the other hand, single source power systems, when designed to meet a particular demand without fail, lead to low market acceptance due to the availability of resources and low efficiency in performance that rewards high initial investment costs. One solution to balance and optimize energy supply is the use of more than one energy resource when sources can be complementary. Among several possible combinations reported in several studies, the hybrid photovoltaic hydroelectric system is considered to be an optimal and interesting combination. In this context, the present article makes a technical and economic pre-feasibility analysis of a hydroelectric photovoltaic hybrid system, operating photovoltaic panels on floating structures on the water surface to allow the use of the Laranjeiras dam. The study was conducted based on simulations with HOMER. The solution indicated as optimal was the installation of a hybrid energy system, implementing a hydroelectric power plant at the base of the dam, with 1497 kW of installed capacity, operating simultaneously with a set of photovoltaic modules, on the water surface of the dam, with 180 kW of installed capacity, and a power limit for the purchase and sale to the grid equal to 400 kW, to supply the demand of consumer loads up to 40 MWh per day. This combination would result in an initial cost of US$3984.885 per kW and an energy cost of US$0.026 per kWh.
{"title":"A Hydro PV Hybrid System as a New Concept for an Abandoned Dam in Southern Brazil*","authors":"G. Vasco, Jones S. Silva, A. Beluco, E. G. Rossini, José Deivison de Souza","doi":"10.4236/CWEEE.2019.82003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/CWEEE.2019.82003","url":null,"abstract":"The search for alternatives to traditional sources of electric energy opens the way for a new market in the world, and for Brazil in particular. Still in its first steps, but with immense potential, the generation of energy from solar irradiation and hydroelectric plants in hybrid systems is an important alternative. On the other hand, single source power systems, when designed to meet a particular demand without fail, lead to low market acceptance due to the availability of resources and low efficiency in performance that rewards high initial investment costs. One solution to balance and optimize energy supply is the use of more than one energy resource when sources can be complementary. Among several possible combinations reported in several studies, the hybrid photovoltaic hydroelectric system is considered to be an optimal and interesting combination. In this context, the present article makes a technical and economic pre-feasibility analysis of a hydroelectric photovoltaic hybrid system, operating photovoltaic panels on floating structures on the water surface to allow the use of the Laranjeiras dam. The study was conducted based on simulations with HOMER. The solution indicated as optimal was the installation of a hybrid energy system, implementing a hydroelectric power plant at the base of the dam, with 1497 kW of installed capacity, operating simultaneously with a set of photovoltaic modules, on the water surface of the dam, with 180 kW of installed capacity, and a power limit for the purchase and sale to the grid equal to 400 kW, to supply the demand of consumer loads up to 40 MWh per day. This combination would result in an initial cost of US$3984.885 per kW and an energy cost of US$0.026 per kWh.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123666546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-09DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2019.81001
Abdirashid A. Omar, C. Omuto, S. Ondieki
The paper aims to determine the irrigation water supply efficiency of different irrigation methods used in the challenging environment of Bal’ad district in Somalia. Data was collected from the literature, field visits using field records and scheduled interviews, GPS coordinates and from ancillary information, such as remote sensing images and existing national maps. A comparison was done by use of secondary sources, such as academic journals using information from authorities on irrigation and water loss. Sampling was done by use of Snow balling. The results highlighted response rate for farmers being 80% while that of NGO employees is 75.76%. According to the results, the main ways through which irrigation water is lost is through: evaporation; seepage through the canal bunds; overtopping the bunds; overflow losses and overwatering with the average field application efficiency of 25% and conveyance efficiency of 30%. These generated a scheme irrigation efficiency of 7.5% which is poor for surface irrigation prevalent in the study area. The loss of irrigation water was found to be reduced by the following: daily supervision; proper maintenance; water allocation to farmers; good management; lining of canals; management of irrigation methods; ongoing evaluation; good land preparation; and training farmers.
{"title":"Determination of Irrigation Supply Efficiency in Challenging Environment Case Study of Bal’ad District, Middle Shabelle Region in Somalia","authors":"Abdirashid A. Omar, C. Omuto, S. Ondieki","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2019.81001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2019.81001","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to determine the irrigation water supply efficiency of different irrigation methods used in the challenging environment of Bal’ad district in Somalia. Data was collected from the literature, field visits using field records and scheduled interviews, GPS coordinates and from ancillary information, such as remote sensing images and existing national maps. A comparison was done by use of secondary sources, such as academic journals using information from authorities on irrigation and water loss. Sampling was done by use of Snow balling. The results highlighted response rate for farmers being 80% while that of NGO employees is 75.76%. According to the results, the main ways through which irrigation water is lost is through: evaporation; seepage through the canal bunds; overtopping the bunds; overflow losses and overwatering with the average field application efficiency of 25% and conveyance efficiency of 30%. These generated a scheme irrigation efficiency of 7.5% which is poor for surface irrigation prevalent in the study area. The loss of irrigation water was found to be reduced by the following: daily supervision; proper maintenance; water allocation to farmers; good management; lining of canals; management of irrigation methods; ongoing evaluation; good land preparation; and training farmers.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122867552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-09DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2019.81002
S. S. Mavimbela, L. D. Rensburg
The two-layered (0 - 50 and 50 - 250 mm) surface horizon hydraulic parameters of three dryland floodplain soil-types under aquafer water management in Postmasburg, Northern Cape Province of South Africa were estimated with HYDRUS-1D model. Time dependent water infiltration measurements at 30 and 230 mm depths from simulated rainfalls on undisturbed 1 m2 small plots with intensities of 1.61 (high), 0.52 (medium) and 0.27 (low) mm·min-1, were minimised using a two-step inversion. Firstly, separate optimisation of the van Genuchten-Mualem model parameters for the two surface-horizon layers and secondly, simultaneous optimisation for the joint two-layered horizon with first step optimal parameters entered as initial values. The model reproduced transient water-infiltration data very well with the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) of 0.99 and overestimated runoff (NSE; 0.27 to 0.98). The upper surface horizon had highly optimised and variable parameters especially θs and Ks. Optimal Ks values from higher soil surface bulk-density (≥1.69 g·cm-3) were lower by at least one order of magnitude to double ring infiltrometers and water infiltration properties were different (P < 0.05) for the high rainstorm due to raindrop impact and surface crusting. Optimal α and n parameter values corresponded well with texture of the Addo (Greysols), Augrabies (Ferralsols) and Brandvlei (Cambisols) soil types. However, θs and Ksshowed greater sensitivity to model output and exerted greater influence on dryland floodplain water-infiltration and runoff characteristics. Increasing rainfall simulation period to attain near-surface saturated conditions and inclusion of surface ponding data in the inverse problem could considerable improve model prediction of hydro-physical parameters controlling surface-subsurface water distribution in fluvial environments.
{"title":"Estimating Soil Hydraulic Parameters Characterizing Rainwater Infiltration and Runoff Properties of Dryland Floodplains","authors":"S. S. Mavimbela, L. D. Rensburg","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2019.81002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2019.81002","url":null,"abstract":"The two-layered (0 - 50 and 50 - 250 mm) surface horizon hydraulic parameters of three dryland floodplain soil-types under aquafer water management in Postmasburg, Northern Cape Province of South Africa were estimated with HYDRUS-1D model. Time dependent water infiltration measurements at 30 and 230 mm depths from simulated rainfalls on undisturbed 1 m2 small plots with intensities of 1.61 (high), 0.52 (medium) and 0.27 (low) mm·min-1, were minimised using a two-step inversion. Firstly, separate optimisation of the van Genuchten-Mualem model parameters for the two surface-horizon layers and secondly, simultaneous optimisation for the joint two-layered horizon with first step optimal parameters entered as initial values. The model reproduced transient water-infiltration data very well with the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) of 0.99 and overestimated runoff (NSE; 0.27 to 0.98). The upper surface horizon had highly optimised and variable parameters especially θs and Ks. Optimal Ks values from higher soil surface bulk-density (≥1.69 g·cm-3) were lower by at least one order of magnitude to double ring infiltrometers and water infiltration properties were different (P < 0.05) for the high rainstorm due to raindrop impact and surface crusting. Optimal α and n parameter values corresponded well with texture of the Addo (Greysols), Augrabies (Ferralsols) and Brandvlei (Cambisols) soil types. However, θs and Ksshowed greater sensitivity to model output and exerted greater influence on dryland floodplain water-infiltration and runoff characteristics. Increasing rainfall simulation period to attain near-surface saturated conditions and inclusion of surface ponding data in the inverse problem could considerable improve model prediction of hydro-physical parameters controlling surface-subsurface water distribution in fluvial environments.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125448837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2022.114006
Y. Kedir, Belete Berhanu, T. Alamirew
{"title":"Energy Analysis in Irrigated Sugarcane Schemes of Awash River Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Kedir, Belete Berhanu, T. Alamirew","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2022.114006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2022.114006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128580001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2020.93004
Eduarda Noriko Tokuda, J. D. Viana, G.A. Amorim, R. Dias, S. Bigotto
The use of non-renewable resources by the construction industry has several environmental consequences, contributing to excessive energy consumption and loss of materials. So, the construction sector is always in search of improvement and methods that innovate the existing techniques, aiming at the use of alternative and sustainable materials. Bamboo is a perennial plant with fast growth rate and low cost that has great physical and mechanical characteristics that assure its performance in the building environment. The use of beams with total or partial replacement of steel by bamboo has been well studied, due to the possibility of using the same design methods used in reinforced concrete beams, since the bamboo-reinforced beams meet the Bernoulli-Kirchoff bending theory. The objective of the work was to adapt a design procedure into an electronic spreadsheet for bamboo reinforced concrete beams subjected to four-point bending, with rectangular section, according to Brazilian Standard NBR 6118 (2014). The spreadsheet was tested based on other authors taking into consideration a steel double reinforcement. The resulting values were equivalents to those obtained by the authors, validating the efficiency of the worksheet. This methodology aims to optimize the design process of beams and enable the substitution of steel by bamboo, highlighting the validation, from the structural point of view, obtained by the authors.
{"title":"Design Procedure for Reinforced Concrete Beams and Reinforcement Replacement by Bamboo","authors":"Eduarda Noriko Tokuda, J. D. Viana, G.A. Amorim, R. Dias, S. Bigotto","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2020.93004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2020.93004","url":null,"abstract":"The use of non-renewable resources by the construction industry has \u0000several environmental consequences, contributing to excessive energy \u0000consumption and loss of materials. So, the construction sector is always in \u0000search of improvement and methods that innovate the existing techniques, aiming \u0000at the use of alternative and sustainable materials. Bamboo is a perennial \u0000plant with fast growth rate and low cost that has great physical and mechanical \u0000characteristics that assure its performance in the building environment. The \u0000use of beams with total or partial replacement of steel by bamboo has been well \u0000studied, due to the possibility of using the same design methods used in \u0000reinforced concrete beams, since the bamboo-reinforced beams meet the \u0000Bernoulli-Kirchoff bending theory. The objective of the work was to adapt a \u0000design procedure into an electronic spreadsheet for bamboo reinforced concrete \u0000beams subjected to four-point bending, with rectangular section, according to \u0000Brazilian Standard NBR 6118 (2014). The spreadsheet was tested based on other \u0000authors taking into consideration a steel double reinforcement. The resulting \u0000values were equivalents to those obtained by the authors, validating the \u0000efficiency of the worksheet. This methodology aims to optimize the design \u0000process of beams and enable the substitution of steel by bamboo, highlighting \u0000the validation, from the structural point of view, obtained by the authors.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123400121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2022.113005
Ritika Prasai
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in lakes can tell a lot about a lake’s water quality and ecosystem. It is a measure of the amount of algae growing in a waterbody and can be used to monitor the trophic condition of a waterbody. We studied the pre and post effects of marine ranch construction in Chl-a concentration in Zhelin Bay, Southern China using Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) and a web-based tool (https://mapcoordinates.info/). We used 8 day composite MODIS image collections of 500 m resolution and randomly selected two stations to extract the chlorophyll-a concentration values through the web-based tool. We recorded the slight increase in NDCI values in all stations after the construction of marine ranch which is a good indicator of the marine organisms’ reproduction and survival.
{"title":"Pre and Post Effects Assessment of Marine Ranch Construction in Chlorophyll-a Concentration Using MODIS Data and a Web-Based Tool. A Case Study in Zhelin Bay, China","authors":"Ritika Prasai","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2022.113005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2022.113005","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in lakes can tell a lot about a lake’s water quality and ecosystem. It is a measure of the amount of algae growing in a waterbody and can be used to monitor the trophic condition of a waterbody. We studied the pre and post effects of marine ranch construction in Chl-a concentration in Zhelin Bay, Southern China using Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) and a web-based tool (https://mapcoordinates.info/). We used 8 day composite MODIS image collections of 500 m resolution and randomly selected two stations to extract the chlorophyll-a concentration values through the web-based tool. We recorded the slight increase in NDCI values in all stations after the construction of marine ranch which is a good indicator of the marine organisms’ reproduction and survival.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124806170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2020.93006
Marcos R. de A. Conceição, Luis F. F. de Mendonça, C. Lentini
Two additional features are particularly useful in pixelwise satellite data segmentation using neural networks: one results from local window averaging around each pixel (MWA) and another uses a standard deviation estimator (MWSD) instead of the average. While the former’s complexity has already been solved to a satisfying minimum, the latter did not. This article proposes a new algorithm that can substitute a naive MWSD, by making the complexity of the computational process fall from O(N2n2) to O(N2n), where N is a square input array side, and n is the moving window’s side length. The Numba python compiler was used to make python a competitive high-performance computing language in our optimizations. Our results show efficiency benchmars
{"title":"Development and Parallelization of an Improved 2D Moving Window Standard Deviation Python Routine for Image Segmentation Purposes","authors":"Marcos R. de A. Conceição, Luis F. F. de Mendonça, C. Lentini","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2020.93006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2020.93006","url":null,"abstract":"Two additional features are particularly useful in pixelwise satellite \u0000data segmentation using neural networks: one results from local window \u0000averaging around each pixel (MWA) and another uses a standard deviation \u0000estimator (MWSD) instead of the average. While the former’s complexity has \u0000already been solved to a satisfying minimum, the latter did not. This article \u0000proposes a new algorithm that can substitute a naive MWSD, by making the \u0000complexity of the computational process fall \u0000from O(N2n2) to O(N2n), where N is a square input array side, and n is the moving \u0000window’s side length. The Numba python \u0000compiler was used to make python a competitive high-performance computing language in our optimizations. Our \u0000results show efficiency benchmars","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"112 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122983064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2022.114007
Mapenda Ndiaye, Lamine Diop, A. Sarr, Y. D. Wane, Ibrahima Diatta, S. Seck
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Different Leaching Fractions on Soil Salinity","authors":"Mapenda Ndiaye, Lamine Diop, A. Sarr, Y. D. Wane, Ibrahima Diatta, S. Seck","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2022.114007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2022.114007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130194120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2021.101001
A. Fischer, Jones S. Silva, A. Beluco
Some types of renewable energy have been experiencing rapid evolution in recent decades, notably among the energies associated with the oceans, such as wave and current energies. The development of new energy conversion technologies for these two forms of energy has been offering a large number of equipment configurations and plant geometries for energy conversion. This process can be implemented aiming at the result of feasibility studies in places with energy potentials, establishing minimum feasibility limits to be reached. This work aims to contribute in this sense with a feasibility study of a system with ocean wave power plants and with socio-current power plants to be operated on the southern coast of Brazil. This study evaluates a hybrid system with contributions from energy supplies obtained from wave plants and current plants, connected to the grid and supplying the demand of the municipalities in the North Coast region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. The study was carried out with simulations with the Homer Legacy software, with some adaptations for the simulation of ocean wave plants and ocean current plants. The results indicate that the ocean wave power plants were viable in the vast majority of simulated scenarios, while the ocean current power plants were viable in the scenarios with more intense average ocean current speeds and with more expensive energy acquired from the interconnected system.
{"title":"Feasibility Limits for a Hybrid System with Ocean Wave and Ocean Current Power Plants in Southern Coast of Brazil","authors":"A. Fischer, Jones S. Silva, A. Beluco","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2021.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2021.101001","url":null,"abstract":"Some types of renewable energy have been \u0000experiencing rapid evolution in recent decades, notably among the energies \u0000associated with the oceans, such as wave and current energies. The development \u0000of new energy conversion technologies for these two forms of energy has been \u0000offering a large number of equipment configurations and plant geometries for \u0000energy conversion. This process can be implemented aiming at the result of \u0000feasibility studies in places with energy potentials, establishing minimum \u0000feasibility limits to be reached. This work aims to contribute in this sense \u0000with a feasibility study of a system with ocean wave power plants and with \u0000socio-current power plants to be operated on the southern coast of Brazil. This \u0000study evaluates a hybrid system with contributions from energy supplies \u0000obtained from wave plants and current plants, connected to the grid and \u0000supplying the demand of the municipalities in the North Coast region of the \u0000State of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. The study was \u0000carried out with simulations with the Homer Legacy software, with some \u0000adaptations for the simulation of ocean wave plants and ocean current plants. \u0000The results indicate that the ocean wave power plants were viable in the vast \u0000majority of simulated scenarios, while the ocean current power plants were \u0000viable in the scenarios with more intense average ocean current speeds and with \u0000more expensive energy acquired from the interconnected system.","PeriodicalId":142066,"journal":{"name":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127866707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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