Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2280348
Gülçin Güler, Deniz Şimşek, Seçkin Tuncer, Daniel Mon-López
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological parameters and quiet eye (QE) of air pistol shooters in relation to performance outcomes. QE duration, skin conductance (SC), and heart rate (HR) were recorded for 20 shooters (10 novices and 10 intermediates) during shooting. All variables were examined according to the score and total shots. Physiological parameters were evaluated according to the shooting phases. Intermediate shooters exhibited significantly longer QE duration than novices (p < .001). There were no significant differences in QE duration and normalised SC according to the score and normalised SC between groups (p > .05). In SC, an increase in the preparation and resting phase and a decrease in the aiming phase were observed in both groups (p < .001). Intermediate shooters had lower HR than novices in all phases (p < .001). Additionally, more HR changes were detected in the intermediate shooters than in novices. HR of 10-score shots was lower than other shots (p < .05). Intermediate shooters exhibited longer QE duration than novices and they can decelerate their HR before shots. Coaches are recommended to incorporate exercises into training programmes that will enhance the visual focusing skills and reduce heart rate for novice shooters.KEYWORDS: Quiet eye durationskin conductanceheart rateair pistol performancegaze behaviour AcknowledgementsThe study was supported by Eskisehir Technical University (Project number: Eskisehir Technical Uni./BAP 1703S071). The author would like to thank the subjects for their collaboration and support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
{"title":"Evaluation of physiological parameters and gaze behaviour of air pistol shooters related to performance outcomes","authors":"Gülçin Güler, Deniz Şimşek, Seçkin Tuncer, Daniel Mon-López","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2023.2280348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2023.2280348","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological parameters and quiet eye (QE) of air pistol shooters in relation to performance outcomes. QE duration, skin conductance (SC), and heart rate (HR) were recorded for 20 shooters (10 novices and 10 intermediates) during shooting. All variables were examined according to the score and total shots. Physiological parameters were evaluated according to the shooting phases. Intermediate shooters exhibited significantly longer QE duration than novices (p < .001). There were no significant differences in QE duration and normalised SC according to the score and normalised SC between groups (p > .05). In SC, an increase in the preparation and resting phase and a decrease in the aiming phase were observed in both groups (p < .001). Intermediate shooters had lower HR than novices in all phases (p < .001). Additionally, more HR changes were detected in the intermediate shooters than in novices. HR of 10-score shots was lower than other shots (p < .05). Intermediate shooters exhibited longer QE duration than novices and they can decelerate their HR before shots. Coaches are recommended to incorporate exercises into training programmes that will enhance the visual focusing skills and reduce heart rate for novice shooters.KEYWORDS: Quiet eye durationskin conductanceheart rateair pistol performancegaze behaviour AcknowledgementsThe study was supported by Eskisehir Technical University (Project number: Eskisehir Technical Uni./BAP 1703S071). The author would like to thank the subjects for their collaboration and support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.","PeriodicalId":14248,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":" 971","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2277579
D. Lobo-Triviño, J.C. Ponce-Bordón, J. Díaz-García, R. López Del Campo, A. Doncel, J. Fernández-Navarro, T. García-Calvo
ABSTRACTThis research analysed the influence of lockdown and interruption of competitions due to COVID-19 on different ball possession-related variables. Also, match location and the differences between divisions were considering between the pre- and post-lockdown. A total of 144,689 records from 842 soccer matches during the 2019/20 season of the First (n = 380) and Second Spanish Division (n = 462) were collected. Match data were collected using the ChryonHego video-tracking system. Pre-lockdown (1st–27th matchday in First Division and 1st–31st matchday in Second Spanish Division) and post-lockdown periods (28th–38th matchday in First Division and 32nd–42nd matchday in Second Spanish Division) were compared. The match location contextual-related variable was also considered for the analysis. Linear mixed models showed that the number of outplayed players by ball possession (3.1%), successful passes (17.5%) and total passes (18.9%) increased during the post-lockdown period (p < .001). In addition, match location and league significantly influenced the successful and total passes in all situations (p < .001), increasing in the post-lockdown period. In conclusion, the lockdown period has led changes in the ball possession of the soccer teams. These results help to understand the impact that a particular and unusual situation as the interruption of the league due to COVID-19 lockdown had on the performance of professional soccer teams.KEYWORDS: COVID-19 outbreakelite soccermatch analysispandemictechnical-tactical AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Government of Extremadura (Department of Economy and Infrastructure) and LaLiga Research and Analysis Sections.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Government of Extremadura (Department of Economy and Infrastructure) and LaLiga Research and Analysis Sections.
{"title":"The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on ball possession performance in Spanish professional soccer leagues","authors":"D. Lobo-Triviño, J.C. Ponce-Bordón, J. Díaz-García, R. López Del Campo, A. Doncel, J. Fernández-Navarro, T. García-Calvo","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2023.2277579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2023.2277579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis research analysed the influence of lockdown and interruption of competitions due to COVID-19 on different ball possession-related variables. Also, match location and the differences between divisions were considering between the pre- and post-lockdown. A total of 144,689 records from 842 soccer matches during the 2019/20 season of the First (n = 380) and Second Spanish Division (n = 462) were collected. Match data were collected using the ChryonHego video-tracking system. Pre-lockdown (1st–27th matchday in First Division and 1st–31st matchday in Second Spanish Division) and post-lockdown periods (28th–38th matchday in First Division and 32nd–42nd matchday in Second Spanish Division) were compared. The match location contextual-related variable was also considered for the analysis. Linear mixed models showed that the number of outplayed players by ball possession (3.1%), successful passes (17.5%) and total passes (18.9%) increased during the post-lockdown period (p < .001). In addition, match location and league significantly influenced the successful and total passes in all situations (p < .001), increasing in the post-lockdown period. In conclusion, the lockdown period has led changes in the ball possession of the soccer teams. These results help to understand the impact that a particular and unusual situation as the interruption of the league due to COVID-19 lockdown had on the performance of professional soccer teams.KEYWORDS: COVID-19 outbreakelite soccermatch analysispandemictechnical-tactical AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Government of Extremadura (Department of Economy and Infrastructure) and LaLiga Research and Analysis Sections.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Government of Extremadura (Department of Economy and Infrastructure) and LaLiga Research and Analysis Sections.","PeriodicalId":14248,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2278370
J. C Ponce-Bordón, M López-Gajardo, J Fernández-Navarro, R López Del Campo, R Resta, T garcía-Calvo
ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to examine the relationship between coach dismissal and team performance, and match physical demands in the top two professional Spanish soccer leagues across both short and long term within a season. Data were collected from all matches played in the First (Liga Santander; n = 2,950) and Second Spanish Division (Liga Smartbank; n = 2,966) over four consecutive seasons (from 2015/2016 to 2018/2019). Team performance (points won), total distance (TD), high-intensity running distance (HIRD, distance 21–24 km⋅h−1), very-high-intensity running distance (VHIRD, >24 km⋅h−1) and the number of efforts between 21–24 km⋅h−1 (Sp21) and >24 km⋅h−1 (Sp24) were analysed. All within-season coaching dismissals were examined. Results showed that team performance was significantly higher after coach dismissal across short term (p < .001). Concerning match physical demands, across the short term, only TD was significantly greater after coach dismissal (p < .01); while across long terms, TD, HIRD, VHIRD, Sp21 and Sp24 were significantly greater during post coach dismissal stage (p < .001) than the prior coach dismissal stage. Such findings demonstrate that coach replacement could positively influence on team performance and match physical demands, not only across the short term but also over the season.KEYWORDS: Professional footballmatch running performancecoach replacementlongitudinal analysisperformance Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementRestrictions apply to the availability of these data. Data were obtained from LaLiga and are available at https://www.laliga.es/en with the permission of LaLiga.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Government of Extremadura (Department of Economy and Infrastructure), LaLiga Research and Analysis Sections, and Fernando Valhondo Calaff Foundation.
{"title":"The effect of coach dismissal on team performance and match physical demands in Spanish professional soccer leagues","authors":"J. C Ponce-Bordón, M López-Gajardo, J Fernández-Navarro, R López Del Campo, R Resta, T garcía-Calvo","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2023.2278370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2023.2278370","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to examine the relationship between coach dismissal and team performance, and match physical demands in the top two professional Spanish soccer leagues across both short and long term within a season. Data were collected from all matches played in the First (Liga Santander; n = 2,950) and Second Spanish Division (Liga Smartbank; n = 2,966) over four consecutive seasons (from 2015/2016 to 2018/2019). Team performance (points won), total distance (TD), high-intensity running distance (HIRD, distance 21–24 km⋅h−1), very-high-intensity running distance (VHIRD, >24 km⋅h−1) and the number of efforts between 21–24 km⋅h−1 (Sp21) and >24 km⋅h−1 (Sp24) were analysed. All within-season coaching dismissals were examined. Results showed that team performance was significantly higher after coach dismissal across short term (p < .001). Concerning match physical demands, across the short term, only TD was significantly greater after coach dismissal (p < .01); while across long terms, TD, HIRD, VHIRD, Sp21 and Sp24 were significantly greater during post coach dismissal stage (p < .001) than the prior coach dismissal stage. Such findings demonstrate that coach replacement could positively influence on team performance and match physical demands, not only across the short term but also over the season.KEYWORDS: Professional footballmatch running performancecoach replacementlongitudinal analysisperformance Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementRestrictions apply to the availability of these data. Data were obtained from LaLiga and are available at https://www.laliga.es/en with the permission of LaLiga.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Government of Extremadura (Department of Economy and Infrastructure), LaLiga Research and Analysis Sections, and Fernando Valhondo Calaff Foundation.","PeriodicalId":14248,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2277631
Aarón Agudo-Ortega, Juan J. Salinero, Øyvind Sandbakk, Violeta Muñoz de la Cruz, José M. González-Rave
ABSTRACTScientific knowledge of the training of elite athletic sprinters is limited, and much of their training relies on the intuition and expertise of experienced coaches. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide an overview of the training practices employed by elite Spanish sprint coaches. A descriptive analysis was conducted using customised questionnaires from 14 sprint-specialised coaches who volunteered to participate. These coaches used both traditional (50%) and block periodisation (50%). Many coaches (78.6%) divided training into three phases within each of the two macrocycles. Additionally, all coaches incorporated a tapering phase of varying durations. During the general preparation phase, the focus was on strength training (78.6%) and tempo training (85.7%). In the specific preparation phase, priority was strength-speed (92.9%) and speed-endurance (100%). The competitive phase emphasised speed-strength (100%), acceleration and maximal velocity (92.9%). Coaches incorporated technique work prior to sprint sessions (100%) and conducted specific monitoring/testing sessions (78.6%). Most coaches also monitored indicators of fatigue (78.6%) and recovery parameters (100%). In conclusion, elite Spanish sprint coaches employ relatively similar strength and sprint training methods throughout the season, gradually shifting the focus towards competition specificity. However, these coaches implement different macro-periodisation models.KEYWORDS: Athleticsperiodisationsprint performancestrength and conditioningcoaches’ practices AcknowledgementsThe first author has been granted with funds provided by the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Ref. 2022-INVGO-11143).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Training practices used by elite sprint coaches","authors":"Aarón Agudo-Ortega, Juan J. Salinero, Øyvind Sandbakk, Violeta Muñoz de la Cruz, José M. González-Rave","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2023.2277631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2023.2277631","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTScientific knowledge of the training of elite athletic sprinters is limited, and much of their training relies on the intuition and expertise of experienced coaches. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide an overview of the training practices employed by elite Spanish sprint coaches. A descriptive analysis was conducted using customised questionnaires from 14 sprint-specialised coaches who volunteered to participate. These coaches used both traditional (50%) and block periodisation (50%). Many coaches (78.6%) divided training into three phases within each of the two macrocycles. Additionally, all coaches incorporated a tapering phase of varying durations. During the general preparation phase, the focus was on strength training (78.6%) and tempo training (85.7%). In the specific preparation phase, priority was strength-speed (92.9%) and speed-endurance (100%). The competitive phase emphasised speed-strength (100%), acceleration and maximal velocity (92.9%). Coaches incorporated technique work prior to sprint sessions (100%) and conducted specific monitoring/testing sessions (78.6%). Most coaches also monitored indicators of fatigue (78.6%) and recovery parameters (100%). In conclusion, elite Spanish sprint coaches employ relatively similar strength and sprint training methods throughout the season, gradually shifting the focus towards competition specificity. However, these coaches implement different macro-periodisation models.KEYWORDS: Athleticsperiodisationsprint performancestrength and conditioningcoaches’ practices AcknowledgementsThe first author has been granted with funds provided by the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Ref. 2022-INVGO-11143).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":14248,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"160 8‐9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135393033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2274221
László Csató
One of the most popular club football tournaments, the UEFA Champions League, will see a fundamental reform from the 2024/25 season: the traditional group stage will be replaced by one league where each of the 36 teams plays eight matches. To guarantee that the opponents of the clubs are of the same strength in the new design, it is crucial to forecast the performance of the teams before the tournament as well as possible. This paper investigates whether the currently used rating of the teams, the UEFA club coefficient, can be improved by taking the games played in the national leagues into account. According to our logistic regression models, a variant of the Elo method provides a higher accuracy in terms of explanatory power in the Champions League matches. The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) is encouraged to follow the example of the FIFA World Ranking and reform the calculation of the club coefficients in order to avoid unbalanced schedules in the novel tournament format of the Champions League.
{"title":"Club coefficients in the UEFA Champions League: Time for shift to an Elo-based formula","authors":"László Csató","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2023.2274221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2023.2274221","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most popular club football tournaments, the UEFA Champions League, will see a fundamental reform from the 2024/25 season: the traditional group stage will be replaced by one league where each of the 36 teams plays eight matches. To guarantee that the opponents of the clubs are of the same strength in the new design, it is crucial to forecast the performance of the teams before the tournament as well as possible. This paper investigates whether the currently used rating of the teams, the UEFA club coefficient, can be improved by taking the games played in the national leagues into account. According to our logistic regression models, a variant of the Elo method provides a higher accuracy in terms of explanatory power in the Champions League matches. The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) is encouraged to follow the example of the FIFA World Ranking and reform the calculation of the club coefficients in order to avoid unbalanced schedules in the novel tournament format of the Champions League.","PeriodicalId":14248,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"41 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2275940
Leah Bitchell, Victoria H. Stiles, Gemma Robinson, Prabhat Mathema, Isabel S. Moore
An examination of team-level and player-specific injury incidence in Rugby Union, using different match exposure calculations, Match time-loss injuries and match exposure using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) was collected across three seasons (2016/17–2018/19). Team-level and player-specific injury incidence were calculated using standard match length and GPS exposure. The probability of one or two or more injuries was calculated using the Poisson probability. A total of 487 injuries were sustained by 111 players. Team-level injury incidence across three seasons using standard match length was lower than the injury incidence using GPS (59.5 vs 95.7 injuries/1000 match hours, respectively). More than 84% of players fell outside the 95% confidence intervals for the team-level injury incidence each season. When exposed to a lower number of match hours, at the same incidence the probability of only one injury was higher. When exposed to a higher number of match hours, at the same incidence the probability of sustaining two or more injuries was higher. The standard match length underestimates the team-level injury incidence if the entire player cohort has not provided consent. In addition, team-level injury incidence is a poor representation of the underlying injury incidence of players.
{"title":"Is team-level injury analysis giving us the full story? Exploring a player-specific approach to analysing injuries","authors":"Leah Bitchell, Victoria H. Stiles, Gemma Robinson, Prabhat Mathema, Isabel S. Moore","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2023.2275940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2023.2275940","url":null,"abstract":"An examination of team-level and player-specific injury incidence in Rugby Union, using different match exposure calculations, Match time-loss injuries and match exposure using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) was collected across three seasons (2016/17–2018/19). Team-level and player-specific injury incidence were calculated using standard match length and GPS exposure. The probability of one or two or more injuries was calculated using the Poisson probability. A total of 487 injuries were sustained by 111 players. Team-level injury incidence across three seasons using standard match length was lower than the injury incidence using GPS (59.5 vs 95.7 injuries/1000 match hours, respectively). More than 84% of players fell outside the 95% confidence intervals for the team-level injury incidence each season. When exposed to a lower number of match hours, at the same incidence the probability of only one injury was higher. When exposed to a higher number of match hours, at the same incidence the probability of sustaining two or more injuries was higher. The standard match length underestimates the team-level injury incidence if the entire player cohort has not provided consent. In addition, team-level injury incidence is a poor representation of the underlying injury incidence of players.","PeriodicalId":14248,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"147 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2277627
José María Izquierdo, Juan Carlos Redondo, Diego Marqués-Jiménez, Antonio Zarauz-Moreno, Diego Fernández-Lázaro
ABSTRACTBasketball clutch time is defined as minutes when the scoring margin is within 5 points with five or fewer minutes remaining in a game. Our aims were to explore the relations and to compare testosterone and cortisol behaviours, vertical jump (CMJ) and perceived exertion (RPE) between clutch time games (CT) and non-clutch time games (N-CT); during a season in an amateur male team (24.02 ± 3.36 years). Data was collected at 22 games considering CT (n = 8) or N-CT (n = 14) depending on the scoring margin with five or fewer minutes. A total of 120 player cases who participated in the last 5 min of each game (CT, n = 48; N-CT, n = 72) were analysed using a mixed linear model for repeated measures to compare the CT and N-CT variations. The main results were Cortisol, CMJ and RPE means turned out to be higher in CT, but relevant differences were only identified for RPE (ES = 0.69). Findings suggested that clutch performance was often viewed through players’ subjective parameters. Consequently, we recommend that both players and coaches consider it for CT performance. In addition, we extend current basketball CT indicator knowledge opening future research and applied practice.KEYWORDS: Team sporttestosteronecortisolcountermovement jumpRPE AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the athletes and coaches for participating in the studyDisclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
【摘要】篮球比赛的关键时刻是指在比赛剩余时间少于5分钟的情况下，得分差距在5分以内的时刻。我们的目的是探讨在关键时刻游戏(CT)和非关键时刻游戏(N-CT)之间的关系，并比较睾酮和皮质醇行为、垂直跳跃(CMJ)和感知消耗(RPE);业余男队一个赛季(24.02±3.36年)。根据5分钟或更少的得分差，在22场比赛中考虑CT (n = 8)或n -CT (n = 14)收集数据。每场比赛最后5分钟参与比赛的120例(CT, n = 48;n -CT, n = 72)使用混合线性模型进行重复测量，比较CT和n -CT的变化。主要结果是皮质醇、CMJ和RPE均值在CT中升高，但相关差异仅在RPE中发现(ES = 0.69)。研究结果表明，离合器性能通常是通过球员的主观参数来看待的。因此，我们建议球员和教练考虑CT表现。此外，我们拓展了现有的篮球CT指标知识，为未来的研究和应用实践打开了大门。关键词:团队运动，睾丸激素，激素，反动作跳跃，感谢作者感谢参与研究的运动员和教练员披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。
{"title":"How hormones, vertical jump and perceived exertion change in clutch time. A season case study of an amateur basketball team","authors":"José María Izquierdo, Juan Carlos Redondo, Diego Marqués-Jiménez, Antonio Zarauz-Moreno, Diego Fernández-Lázaro","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2023.2277627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2023.2277627","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTBasketball clutch time is defined as minutes when the scoring margin is within 5 points with five or fewer minutes remaining in a game. Our aims were to explore the relations and to compare testosterone and cortisol behaviours, vertical jump (CMJ) and perceived exertion (RPE) between clutch time games (CT) and non-clutch time games (N-CT); during a season in an amateur male team (24.02 ± 3.36 years). Data was collected at 22 games considering CT (n = 8) or N-CT (n = 14) depending on the scoring margin with five or fewer minutes. A total of 120 player cases who participated in the last 5 min of each game (CT, n = 48; N-CT, n = 72) were analysed using a mixed linear model for repeated measures to compare the CT and N-CT variations. The main results were Cortisol, CMJ and RPE means turned out to be higher in CT, but relevant differences were only identified for RPE (ES = 0.69). Findings suggested that clutch performance was often viewed through players’ subjective parameters. Consequently, we recommend that both players and coaches consider it for CT performance. In addition, we extend current basketball CT indicator knowledge opening future research and applied practice.KEYWORDS: Team sporttestosteronecortisolcountermovement jumpRPE AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the athletes and coaches for participating in the studyDisclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":14248,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2272121
Daniel Hoffmann, Tobias Vogt
ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate game characteristics in men’s singles badminton matches at world championships under a decade of rally-point scoring system. Time interval has been hypothesised to affect timing factors, such as game duration, rally time, rest time, rest at point 11, and rest time between games. Overall, 56 matches (n = 127 games) were analysed using video footage. We found that year affected all variables from 2006 to 2017, except for the total points played. Consequently, game duration, rally time, rest time, rest time at point 11 and rest time between games increased by 54.0% (p = 0.002, r = 0.407), 62.2% (p = 0.000), 49.3% (p = 0.000), 44% (p < 0.001, r = 0.36) and 74.9% (p = 0.000, r = 0.50), respectively. Furthermore, we suggest that game characteristics in men’s singles badminton matches evolve towards longer rallies with longer rest time, rest time at point 11 and rest time between games, exceeding the limits of the badminton regulation. Therefore, stricter rule enforcement, the introduction of a time limit for the rest time between the rallies, which is similar to the shot clock implemented in tennis for the service execution or a change of the scoring system appears to be necessary to ensure a further reduction of the game duration.KEYWORDS: Badmintonmatch analysiselite performersworld championshipsrally-point scoring system AcknowledgementsWe thank Dominik Eiden for his support during data acquisition and Jonas Breuer during data analyses.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) under Research Grants 2017-18.
[摘要]本研究旨在探讨在10年的记分制下羽毛球世锦赛男单比赛的比赛特点。假设时间间隔会影响时间因素，如比赛持续时间、集结时间、休息时间、11点休息时间和比赛之间的休息时间。总的来说，56场比赛(n = 127场)使用视频片段进行了分析。我们发现，从2006年到2017年，除了总得分外，年份影响了所有变量。因此，比赛持续时间、集结时间、休息时间、11点休息时间和比赛间休息时间分别增加了54.0% (p = 0.002, r = 0.407)、62.2% (p = 0.000)、49.3% (p = 0.000)、44% (p < 0.001, r = 0.36)和74.9% (p = 0.000, r = 0.50)。此外，我们认为羽毛球男单比赛的比赛特点是朝着休息时间较长的回合、11点休息时间和比赛间休息时间的方向发展，超出了羽毛球规则的限制。因此，为了确保进一步缩短比赛时间，有必要采取更严格的规则执行措施，比如为两回合之间的休息时间引入时间限制，这类似于网球中为发球执行而实施的击球时钟，或者改变计分系统。关键词:羽毛球比赛分析，精英运动员，世界锦标赛，积分计分系统感谢我们感谢Dominik Eiden在数据采集和Jonas Breuer在数据分析中的支持。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究由世界羽毛球联合会(BWF)在2017-18研究基金下支持。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2268480
Kangyi Peng, Ryan T. Brodie, Tim B. Swartz, David C. Clarke
ABSTRACTThe Banister impulse-response (IR) model was designed to predict an athlete’s performance ability from their past training. Despite its long history, the model’s usefulness remains limited due to difficulties in obtaining precise parameter estimates and performance predictions. To help address these challenges, we developed a Bayesian implementation of the IR model, which formalises the combined use of prior knowledge and data. We report the following methodological contributions: 1) we reformulated the model to facilitate the specification of informative priors, 2) we derived the IR model in Bayesian terms, and 3) we developed a method that enabled the JAGS software to be used while enforcing parameter constraints. To demonstrate proof-of-principle, we applied the model to the data of a national-class middle-distance runner. We specified the priors from published values of IR model parameters, followed by estimating the posterior distributions from the priors and the athlete’s data. The Bayesian approach led to more precise and plausible parameter estimates than nonlinear least squares. We conclude that the Bayesian implementation of the IR model shows promise in addressing a primary challenge to its usefulness for athlete monitoring.KEYWORDS: Athletic performancemathematical modellingBayes theoremcomputer simulation AcknowledgementsThe authors thank Dr. Marc D. Klimstra of the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific and University of Victoria for his support and guidance.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis study was funded by an Own The Podium-Mitacs Accelerate Fellowship to RTB and DCC and by a Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute Collaborative Research Team grant in sports analytics. TBS and DCC are supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
摘要利用Banister脉冲响应模型预测运动员的运动能力。尽管历史悠久，但由于难以获得精确的参数估计和性能预测，该模型的实用性仍然有限。为了帮助解决这些挑战，我们开发了IR模型的贝叶斯实现，该模型形式化了先验知识和数据的组合使用。我们报告了以下方法学贡献:1)我们重新制定了模型以促进信息先验的规范，2)我们用贝叶斯术语推导了IR模型，3)我们开发了一种方法，使JAGS软件能够在执行参数约束的同时使用。为了证明其原理，我们将该模型应用于国家级中长跑运动员的数据。我们从已公布的IR模型参数值中指定先验，然后从先验和运动员数据中估计后验分布。贝叶斯方法比非线性最小二乘法的参数估计更精确、更可信。我们的结论是，IR模型的贝叶斯实现在解决其对运动员监测有用性的主要挑战方面显示出希望。作者感谢加拿大太平洋体育学院和维多利亚大学的Marc D. Klimstra博士的支持和指导。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究由Own The Podium-Mitacs加速奖学金资助RTB和DCC，并由加拿大统计科学研究所体育分析合作研究小组资助。TBS和DCC由加拿大自然科学与工程研究委员会资助。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2268475
Ju-Pil Choe, In-Whi Hwang, Jeong-Hui Park, Christina Amo, Jung-Min Lee
ABSTRACTThe present study examines the validity of the SwingVision application by comparing SwingVision’s data to criterion data. Also, we investigated the difference in recording angles of SwingVision (optimal and suboptimal). Six college students played four matches, and every match was recorded from two different angles. After the data collection, recorded videos were analysed by SwingVision and human analysts (criterion). A total of 1065 strokes were analysed in the agreement of SwingVision and human analysts. Cross-tabulation with a column proportion test, Cochran’s Q test, and Kappa statistics were utilised to demonstrate the association of categorical variables (stroke, hit depth, hit zone, bounce depth, bounce zone, spin, result) between the three data (i.e. optimal, suboptimal, and criterion). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were used to compare speed data. SwingVision data in most variables showed high proportional similarity and percent agreement with criterion data. Additionally, the optimal angle data had much more similar results to the criterion data than the suboptimal data. Therefore, this present study documented that SwingVision is trustworthy, and users should be aware of possible errors derived from angle differences.KEYWORDS: Measurementsport analyticssmartphone applicationtennisvalidity AcknowledgementsWe want to thank for participants who took part in our experiments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Korea Creative Content Agency [SR202107001].
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