Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150401
Sumathi Thangarajan, Akila Murugan, Selvi Rajavel, Suganya S Perumal
Heavy metal exposure to lead is associated with severe neuronal impairment through oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of esculin on the lead (Pb)-induced brain neurotoxicity C57bl/6 model. Four groups of mice were used for the study (control, lead acetate-treated (10 mg/kg), lead acetate and esculin (10 mg/kg +15 mg/kg) and esculin (15 mg/kg) alone treated for 14 consecutive days. Lead-induced alterations in the level of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity were measured in brain homogenates. Histological changes in the hippocampus and cortex were also examined. The results documented that PbAc significantly increased hippocampal and cortical lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and decreased glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity. Histological observations of lead-induced neurotoxicity revealed severe damage and a reduction in neuronal density in the hippocampus and cortex. However, treatment with esculin rescued hippocampal and cortical neurons from PbAc-induced neurotoxicity by restoring the balance between oxidants and antioxidants and improvise motor coordination and memory activity. Esculin also attenuates the morphological damage and neuronal density in the hippocampal and cortex regions of C57bl/6 mice. Hence, the study suggests that esculin may be useful in combating lead acetate-induced neuronal injury.
{"title":"The Antioxidative Effect of Esculin on Lead Acetate-induced Neurotoxicity in the Hippocampus and Cortex of C57BL/6 Mice","authors":"Sumathi Thangarajan, Akila Murugan, Selvi Rajavel, Suganya S Perumal","doi":"10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150401","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal exposure to lead is associated with severe neuronal impairment through oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of esculin on the lead (Pb)-induced brain neurotoxicity C57bl/6 model. Four groups of mice were used for the study (control, lead acetate-treated (10 mg/kg), lead acetate and esculin (10 mg/kg +15 mg/kg) and esculin (15 mg/kg) alone treated for 14 consecutive days. Lead-induced alterations in the level of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity were measured in brain homogenates. Histological changes in the hippocampus and cortex were also examined. The results documented that PbAc significantly increased hippocampal and cortical lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and decreased glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity. Histological observations of lead-induced neurotoxicity revealed severe damage and a reduction in neuronal density in the hippocampus and cortex. However, treatment with esculin rescued hippocampal and cortical neurons from PbAc-induced neurotoxicity by restoring the balance between oxidants and antioxidants and improvise motor coordination and memory activity. Esculin also attenuates the morphological damage and neuronal density in the hippocampal and cortex regions of C57bl/6 mice. Hence, the study suggests that esculin may be useful in combating lead acetate-induced neuronal injury.","PeriodicalId":14278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150404
Arpan Chakraborty, Manas Chakraborty, Goutam Mukhopadhyay, A. Bhattacharjee, B. Mondal
Eclipta alba (Asteraceae family) is a widely recognized medicinal plant found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is one of the plants that is most frequently utilized in traditional medical systems, including Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy, Unani, and folk medicine. Many significant phytochemical components, including triterpenes, flavonoids, coumestans, steroids, saponins, and polypeptides, are present in each portion of this medicinal plant. Several herbal and ayurvedic formulations, like Indulekha bringha oil and Liv.52 Gnx pill, contain E. alba as an important therapeutic ingredient. The objective of the current work was to create a validated and consistent HPTLC technique for the simultaneous measurement of linoleic acid and oleanolic acid in E. alba. The procedure used silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate, toluene, and formic acid at a ratio of 4:7:0.2 (v/v/v) as the mobile phase, which produced compact bands upon derivatization with anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid reagent. The correlation coefficient (r2) for the linear regression data for the standard linoleic and oleanolic acids calibration curves was 0.9966 and 0.9964, respectively, and it demonstrated a good linear relation over a range of concentrations of 300-1500 ng/spot and 450–1600 ng/spot with respect to the area. The approach’s precision, accuracy, robustness, and selectivity were all assessed. LoD and LoQ for linoleic and oleanolic acids were measured to be 108.47 and 182.33 ng/spot and 258.30 and 327.54 ng/spot, respectively. We came to the conclusion that this approach, which uses HPTLC to quantify linoleic and oleanolic acids, is effective, straightforward, accurate, and reproducible
{"title":"Design of a Validated HPTLC Methodology for the Measurement of Linoleic and Oleanolic Acid in Eclipta alba","authors":"Arpan Chakraborty, Manas Chakraborty, Goutam Mukhopadhyay, A. Bhattacharjee, B. Mondal","doi":"10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150404","url":null,"abstract":"Eclipta alba (Asteraceae family) is a widely recognized medicinal plant found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is one of the plants that is most frequently utilized in traditional medical systems, including Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy, Unani, and folk medicine. Many significant phytochemical components, including triterpenes, flavonoids, coumestans, steroids, saponins, and polypeptides, are present in each portion of this medicinal plant. Several herbal and ayurvedic formulations, like Indulekha bringha oil and Liv.52 Gnx pill, contain E. alba as an important therapeutic ingredient. The objective of the current work was to create a validated and consistent HPTLC technique for the simultaneous measurement of linoleic acid and oleanolic acid in E. alba. The procedure used silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate, toluene, and formic acid at a ratio of 4:7:0.2 (v/v/v) as the mobile phase, which produced compact bands upon derivatization with anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid reagent. The correlation coefficient (r2) for the linear regression data for the standard linoleic and oleanolic acids calibration curves was 0.9966 and 0.9964, respectively, and it demonstrated a good linear relation over a range of concentrations of 300-1500 ng/spot and 450–1600 ng/spot with respect to the area. The approach’s precision, accuracy, robustness, and selectivity were all assessed. LoD and LoQ for linoleic and oleanolic acids were measured to be 108.47 and 182.33 ng/spot and 258.30 and 327.54 ng/spot, respectively. We came to the conclusion that this approach, which uses HPTLC to quantify linoleic and oleanolic acids, is effective, straightforward, accurate, and reproducible","PeriodicalId":14278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150411
G. Sivakumar, K. Aswin
Objective: The crux of the present research work was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Cucumis melo var. agrestis (ELECM)on ulcerative colitis in rats. Material and Methods: The successful induction of ulcerative colitis was done by intra-rectal administration of 500 μL of acetic acid (4% v/v), rats were euthanized on day 8 by cervical dislocation under anesthesia. The pathological parameters such as colon weight, colon antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), lipid peroxidase enzymes (MDA, MPO), inflammatory markers (TNF- α and IL-6), and histopathological aspects were estimated to evaluate the ELECM against the disease control. Sulfasalazine was used as a positive control to compare the protective effect of the ELECM. Key findings: The GC-MS analysis of ELECM confirms the presence of about 12 specific phytochemicals. Induction of ulcerative colitis was evidenced in the control group due to increased colon weight, lipid peroxidase enzymes, and immune markers by alleviating antioxidant enzyme levels in the rat colon. However, ELECM treated group almost reversed the effect of the disease control group. Above all the histopathological response of the ELECM-treated group against the acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis was almost the same as that of the control group, indicating a significant protective effect. Conclusion: Our present study suggests that ELECM extract has significant protective activity against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis due to its higher antioxidant, moderate anti-inflammatory, and mild immune-suppressive effects, and the protective action might be due to the presence of active constituents such as flavonoids and total phenols as presented on the GC-MS analysis report.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF CUCUMIS MELO VAR. AGRESTIS IN ACETIC ACID-INDUCED ULCERATIVE COLITIS ON RATS","authors":"G. Sivakumar, K. Aswin","doi":"10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150411","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The crux of the present research work was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Cucumis melo var. agrestis (ELECM)on ulcerative colitis in rats. Material and Methods: The successful induction of ulcerative colitis was done by intra-rectal administration of 500 μL of acetic acid (4% v/v), rats were euthanized on day 8 by cervical dislocation under anesthesia. The pathological parameters such as colon weight, colon antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), lipid peroxidase enzymes (MDA, MPO), inflammatory markers (TNF- α and IL-6), and histopathological aspects were estimated to evaluate the ELECM against the disease control. Sulfasalazine was used as a positive control to compare the protective effect of the ELECM. Key findings: The GC-MS analysis of ELECM confirms the presence of about 12 specific phytochemicals. Induction of ulcerative colitis was evidenced in the control group due to increased colon weight, lipid peroxidase enzymes, and immune markers by alleviating antioxidant enzyme levels in the rat colon. However, ELECM treated group almost reversed the effect of the disease control group. Above all the histopathological response of the ELECM-treated group against the acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis was almost the same as that of the control group, indicating a significant protective effect. Conclusion: Our present study suggests that ELECM extract has significant protective activity against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis due to its higher antioxidant, moderate anti-inflammatory, and mild immune-suppressive effects, and the protective action might be due to the presence of active constituents such as flavonoids and total phenols as presented on the GC-MS analysis report.","PeriodicalId":14278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150417
Amitabh Tripathi, Bhupendra Chauhan, Vinit K Sharma, Alok Mukerjee
To investigate the effective dose combination of modafinil and caffeine by estimating nootropic activity for the management of narcolepsy. The effective dose combination of modafinil and caffeine was determined by the evaluation of nootropic activity in male albino rats of the wistar strain. Modafinil and caffeine were administered in combination to test group 1, II and III orally, followed by scopolamine to induce amnesia. The dose of modafinil was kept constant at 50 mg/day, while the dose of caffeine was reduced gradually in all the treatment groups. Modafinil alone at a dose of 200 mg/day was used as a standard drug. Different parameters like body weight, transfer latency, and escape latency were considered for the evaluation of nootropic activity. The combinational index was determined by the method of Chou-Talalay. The result indicates that the reduction in escape and transfer latency (p<0.001 respectively) of group VI (modafinil at a dose of 50 mg/day with caffeine at a dose of 30 mg/day) was evident as compared to the negative control group on day 28. The evaluation of the effective dose combination of modafinil and caffeine for the management of narcolepsy against scopolamine-induced amnesia demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive performance, as indicated by reduced escape and transfer latency levels
{"title":"Evaluation of Effective Dose Combination of Modafinil and Caffeine for the Management of Narcolepsy against Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia","authors":"Amitabh Tripathi, Bhupendra Chauhan, Vinit K Sharma, Alok Mukerjee","doi":"10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150417","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effective dose combination of modafinil and caffeine by estimating nootropic activity for the management of narcolepsy. The effective dose combination of modafinil and caffeine was determined by the evaluation of nootropic activity in male albino rats of the wistar strain. Modafinil and caffeine were administered in combination to test group 1, II and III orally, followed by scopolamine to induce amnesia. The dose of modafinil was kept constant at 50 mg/day, while the dose of caffeine was reduced gradually in all the treatment groups. Modafinil alone at a dose of 200 mg/day was used as a standard drug. Different parameters like body weight, transfer latency, and escape latency were considered for the evaluation of nootropic activity. The combinational index was determined by the method of Chou-Talalay. The result indicates that the reduction in escape and transfer latency (p<0.001 respectively) of group VI (modafinil at a dose of 50 mg/day with caffeine at a dose of 30 mg/day) was evident as compared to the negative control group on day 28. The evaluation of the effective dose combination of modafinil and caffeine for the management of narcolepsy against scopolamine-induced amnesia demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive performance, as indicated by reduced escape and transfer latency levels","PeriodicalId":14278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150416
Shalaka S Shendage, Sayali Jadhav, Kirankumar Dhawale, Sameer H Sawant
The present study aimed to evaluate methanolic extract of Cordia dichotoma (MECD) leaves (MECD) for anxiolytic activity in rats. Elevated plus maze test (EPM) and light and dark test used to evaluate the antianxiety property of MECD. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) and methanolic extract of C. dichotoma (50, 100, and 200 mg/Kg, p.o.) were administered daily for 21 days. EPM and light and dark test were assessed on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. On the 21st day, animals were killed, and the Hippocampus was excised for the estimation of various biochemical parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as histopathological study. In this study, the (MECD) demonstrated a significant and dose-dependent increase in time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and the time spent in the light compartment in the light and dark test. It is also significantly decreased the MDA level and increased CAT, GSH, and SOD levels significantly (p < 0.001) in the MECD-treated group compared to the control group. Furthermore, MECD significantly restored histological abnormalities, revealing reduced stress-induced damage. It is suggested that MECD possessed an anxiolytic effect via modulation of endogenous enzymes in experimentally induced anxiety in rats.
{"title":"Anxiolytic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Cardia dichotoma Leaves in Rats","authors":"Shalaka S Shendage, Sayali Jadhav, Kirankumar Dhawale, Sameer H Sawant","doi":"10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150416","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate methanolic extract of Cordia dichotoma (MECD) leaves (MECD) for anxiolytic activity in rats. Elevated plus maze test (EPM) and light and dark test used to evaluate the antianxiety property of MECD. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) and methanolic extract of C. dichotoma (50, 100, and 200 mg/Kg, p.o.) were administered daily for 21 days. EPM and light and dark test were assessed on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. On the 21st day, animals were killed, and the Hippocampus was excised for the estimation of various biochemical parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as histopathological study. In this study, the (MECD) demonstrated a significant and dose-dependent increase in time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and the time spent in the light compartment in the light and dark test. It is also significantly decreased the MDA level and increased CAT, GSH, and SOD levels significantly (p < 0.001) in the MECD-treated group compared to the control group. Furthermore, MECD significantly restored histological abnormalities, revealing reduced stress-induced damage. It is suggested that MECD possessed an anxiolytic effect via modulation of endogenous enzymes in experimentally induced anxiety in rats.","PeriodicalId":14278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150308
Sharath K P, Raja Naika
Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser is a hemiparasitic angiosperm shrub commonly called Macrosolen parasiticus and a member of the Loranthaceae family. The members of Loranthaceae are utilized globally in conventional medicine to cure a variety of ailments. The current study aimed to assess the qualitative screening of E. parasitica for its secondary metabolites and also in-vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential. The fresh leaf samples were collected and extracted with the help of a soxhlet extractor. The in-vitro anti-inflammatory potential was determined by protein denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilization assays, and evaluation of antibacterial properties by agar well diffusion assay. The results of the qualitative evaluation of phytoconstituents revealed a presence of wide range of secondary metabolites. The methanolic leaf extracts of Elytranthe parasitica exhibited significant protein denaturation activity with 82.46 ± 1.37 % of inhibition of protein denaturation at 250 μg mL-1 concentration and showed significant membrane stabilization activity with 65.57 ± 2.60 % of membrane stabilization at 500 μg mL-1 concentration. It also shows considerable antibacterial potential with the maximum inhibition zone against Xanthomonas campestris (18.16 ± 0.44 mm) followed by Escherichia coli (15.33 ± 0.88 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (11.16 ± 0.44 mm), and Salmonella typhi (10.66 ± 0.66 mm) at higher concentrations. To conclude, it was found that E. parasitica (L.) Danser has a variety of secondary metabolites that have potent antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties based on the experiments carried out.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF ELYTRANTHE PARASITICA (L.) DANSER (LORANTHACEAE) – A HEMIPARASITIC ANGIOSPERM","authors":"Sharath K P, Raja Naika","doi":"10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150308","url":null,"abstract":"Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser is a hemiparasitic angiosperm shrub commonly called Macrosolen parasiticus and a member of the Loranthaceae family. The members of Loranthaceae are utilized globally in conventional medicine to cure a variety of ailments. The current study aimed to assess the qualitative screening of E. parasitica for its secondary metabolites and also in-vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential. The fresh leaf samples were collected and extracted with the help of a soxhlet extractor. The in-vitro anti-inflammatory potential was determined by protein denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilization assays, and evaluation of antibacterial properties by agar well diffusion assay. The results of the qualitative evaluation of phytoconstituents revealed a presence of wide range of secondary metabolites. The methanolic leaf extracts of Elytranthe parasitica exhibited significant protein denaturation activity with 82.46 ± 1.37 % of inhibition of protein denaturation at 250 μg mL-1 concentration and showed significant membrane stabilization activity with 65.57 ± 2.60 % of membrane stabilization at 500 μg mL-1 concentration. It also shows considerable antibacterial potential with the maximum inhibition zone against Xanthomonas campestris (18.16 ± 0.44 mm) followed by Escherichia coli (15.33 ± 0.88 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (11.16 ± 0.44 mm), and Salmonella typhi (10.66 ± 0.66 mm) at higher concentrations. To conclude, it was found that E. parasitica (L.) Danser has a variety of secondary metabolites that have potent antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties based on the experiments carried out.","PeriodicalId":14278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150302
Jyothi S. Pillai, Padmakumaran Nair K G, Nandakumar S, Robin J. Thomson, Saumya S Pillai
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and is gravely troubling human health and quality of life. Side effects of synthetic hypoglycemic agents have led to investigations on alternative sources such as herbal drugs in treating diabetes. Anti-diabetic properties of Clerodendrum infortunatum in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes were evaluated and compared with the standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. Aqueous extract of C. infortunatum on carbohydrate metabolism revealed its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic conditions. Furthermore, it could significantly modulate insulin secretion, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism for effective glucose homeostasis. Notably, the drug could accelerate the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products in the pancreas. The study proves the efficacy of C. infortunatum as a potent source of phytochemicals in ameliorating diabetic complications and suggests the medicinal plant as a nutraceutical agent.
{"title":"CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM ATTENUATES PANCREATIC OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DYSREGULATED CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES","authors":"Jyothi S. Pillai, Padmakumaran Nair K G, Nandakumar S, Robin J. Thomson, Saumya S Pillai","doi":"10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150302","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and is gravely troubling human health and quality of life. Side effects of synthetic hypoglycemic agents have led to investigations on alternative sources such as herbal drugs in treating diabetes. Anti-diabetic properties of Clerodendrum infortunatum in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes were evaluated and compared with the standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. Aqueous extract of C. infortunatum on carbohydrate metabolism revealed its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic conditions. Furthermore, it could significantly modulate insulin secretion, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism for effective glucose homeostasis. Notably, the drug could accelerate the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products in the pancreas. The study proves the efficacy of C. infortunatum as a potent source of phytochemicals in ameliorating diabetic complications and suggests the medicinal plant as a nutraceutical agent.","PeriodicalId":14278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150307
Sushruta Mulay, D. Mehta
Curcumin is a natural compound found in turmeric and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Topical delivery of curcumin through an organic emulsion-based gel can effectively target inflammation at specific sites on the body. The current study aims to formulate Pluronic based organogel of curcumin, whose absorption is further assisted by microneedles technology. Nine organogel formulations were prepared and optimized by 32 full factorization model to fix the ratio of lecithin[A] and Pluronic[B] concentration in order to get optimum drug release after 2 hours (Q2) and maximum release of drug after 8 hours (Q8). The in-vitro study through the Franz diffusion cell indicated a significant impact of Pluronic F-127 concentration on the release of drug. As increased concentration of Pluronic increased the viscosity of formulations which ultimately retarded the release of drug. Based on Design of Experiment (DoE) study, optimized batch containing 6.5% lecithin and 20.6% Pluronic was further studied for microneedle assisted ex-vivo skin permeation through rat skin. Permeation without microneedle poration was around 70.26% after 8 hours, which was significantly increased (around 25%) after microneedle treatment of the skin. The results indicated promising application microneedle assisted skin permeation as a non-invasive and controlled delivery of curcumin through the transdermal route. Further, in-vivo studies are recommended to further establish this promising concept, targeting a variety of inflammatory conditions, including arthritis, psoriasis, and eczema, etc., through non-invasive transdermal drug delivery systems.
{"title":"Microneedles Assisted Enhancement of Transdermal Delivery of Curcumin through Organogel Formulation","authors":"Sushruta Mulay, D. Mehta","doi":"10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150307","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin is a natural compound found in turmeric and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Topical delivery of curcumin through an organic emulsion-based gel can effectively target inflammation at specific sites on the body. The current study aims to formulate Pluronic based organogel of curcumin, whose absorption is further assisted by microneedles technology. Nine organogel formulations were prepared and optimized by 32 full factorization model to fix the ratio of lecithin[A] and Pluronic[B] concentration in order to get optimum drug release after 2 hours (Q2) and maximum release of drug after 8 hours (Q8). The in-vitro study through the Franz diffusion cell indicated a significant impact of Pluronic F-127 concentration on the release of drug. As increased concentration of Pluronic increased the viscosity of formulations which ultimately retarded the release of drug. Based on Design of Experiment (DoE) study, optimized batch containing 6.5% lecithin and 20.6% Pluronic was further studied for microneedle assisted ex-vivo skin permeation through rat skin. Permeation without microneedle poration was around 70.26% after 8 hours, which was significantly increased (around 25%) after microneedle treatment of the skin. The results indicated promising application microneedle assisted skin permeation as a non-invasive and controlled delivery of curcumin through the transdermal route. Further, in-vivo studies are recommended to further establish this promising concept, targeting a variety of inflammatory conditions, including arthritis, psoriasis, and eczema, etc., through non-invasive transdermal drug delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":14278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150306
Deepjyoti Dev, Ashish Sarkar, Kanmoni Malakar, Bishnupada Roy
In the rural areas of Assam, the leaves of Calamus floribundus are in use among the traditional healers to treat different skin-related problems. Assessment of the plant’s in-vivo wound healing activity was undertaken to unearth the extent of its healing potential. Methanolic extracts of the leaves of C. floribundus was applied topically on the mice having excision wounds. Different parameters such as rate of wound contraction, epithelialization period, tensile strength, content of DNA, protein, hydroxyproline, expression level of the growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokines, histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations were carried out for the wound healing potential assessment. The results indicated that the application of the extract lead to the significant increase in the rate of wound contraction, tensile strength, DNA, protein and hydroxyproline content. The expression of PDGF-AA was upregulated and the cytokines levels were downregulated in the extract-treated group. All the values were comparable to that of the reference drugtreated group. Morphometric, histological and ultrastructural observations further supported the results. The findings of our in-vivo study indicate that the methanolic crude extracts of the leaves of C. floribundus positively affect the healing of excision wounds in swiss albino mice.
在阿萨姆邦的农村地区，传统治疗师使用菖蒲叶治疗各种皮肤相关问题。我们对该植物的体内伤口愈合活性进行了评估，以了解其愈合潜力的程度。将 C. floribundus 叶子的甲醇提取物局部涂抹在有切除伤口的小鼠身上。在评估伤口愈合潜力时，采用了不同的参数，如伤口收缩率、上皮化时间、拉伸强度、DNA、蛋白质、羟脯氨酸含量、生长因子和促炎细胞因子的表达水平、组织病理学和超微结构评估。结果表明，应用萃取物后，伤口收缩率、拉伸强度、DNA、蛋白质和羟脯氨酸含量均显著增加。提取物处理组的 PDGF-AA 表达上调，细胞因子水平下调。所有数值均与参考药物处理组相当。形态计量学、组织学和超微结构观察进一步证实了上述结果。我们的体内研究结果表明，花叶香椿叶的甲醇粗提取物对瑞士白化小鼠切除伤口的愈合有积极影响。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25004/ijpsdr.2023.150319
Jeline Rani J, Nandagopalan V
Vanda spathulata (L.) Spreng. is an important plant of the orchid family of botanical and horticultural importance in the Ayurvedic medicinal system. The Maturase K (matK) gene of plant chloroplast is a strong marker in studying plant molecular systematics, evolution, and genetic polymorphism and is considered as the standard DNA barcode for plants. The gene has an important role in the phylogenetic reconstruction of terrestrial plants. The present study investigated the phylogenetic characterization of matK gene obtained from the plant species V. spathulata (L.) through extraction, purification, PCR amplification, and gel elution. The nucleotide BLAST search revealed similarity with 103 sequences in various closely and distantly related orchid taxa. Mega software and a real-time divergence tree discovered Apostasia odorata has the primitive species for all the sequences, including the V. spathulata which diverged about 114 million years ago. Limited gene flow was observed among the vanda and related taxa and the Tajima neutrality test was negative, indicating the purifying selection in the matK gene sequence, that evolutionary selection had played a major role rather than the neutral evolution. The species and related other species exhibited higher polymorphism at the nucleotide level. Secondary structure was predicted for the single-stranded matK gene of V. spathulata and the ancestor plant species A. odorata using the Zucker MFold web server and translated through a comparison of ORF with NCBI and BLASTN. The protein was modeled in SWISS MODELLER and compared between the two species. The sequence had high similarity with its ancestor gene sequence and the protein modeled showed a complex structure than the ancestor protein due to significant evolutionary changes.
Vanda spathulata (L.) Spreng.是一种重要的兰科植物，在阿育吠陀医药系统中具有重要的植物学和园艺学价值。植物叶绿体中的 Maturase K（matK）基因是研究植物分子系统学、进化和遗传多态性的有力标记，被认为是植物的标准 DNA 条形码。该基因在陆生植物系统发育重建中具有重要作用。本研究通过提取、纯化、PCR 扩增和凝胶洗脱等步骤，研究了从植物物种 V. spathulata (L.) 中获得的 matK 基因的系统发育特征。核苷酸 BLAST 搜索结果显示，该基因与各种近缘和远缘兰花类群中的 103 个序列具有相似性。通过 Mega 软件和实时分化树，发现 Apostasia odorata 是所有序列的原始物种，包括约 1.14 亿年前分化的 V. spathulata。该物种及相关类群之间的基因流动有限，田岛中性检验为阴性，表明 matK 基因序列中存在纯化选择，进化选择起了主要作用，而不是中性进化。该物种和相关的其他物种在核苷酸水平上表现出较高的多态性。利用 Zucker MFold 网络服务器预测了 V. spathulata 和祖先植物 A. odorata 的单链 matK 基因的二级结构，并通过 ORF 与 NCBI 和 BLASTN 的比较进行了翻译。蛋白质在 SWISS MODELLER 中建模，并在两个物种之间进行比较。该序列与其祖先基因序列具有很高的相似性，而且由于发生了重大的进化变化，与祖先蛋白相比，建模蛋白显示出复杂的结构。
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