Maria Chanioti, Georgios Lyrakos, Georgios Pilafas
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, profoundly impacts individuals, families, and society, characterized by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, speech, and motor behavior, as outlined in the DSM-5 criteria. Coined by Eugen Bleuler in 1911 to emphasize fragmented cognition, the term "schizophrenia" replaced Emile Kraepelin's "dementia praecox"(1908) reflecting its chronic nature, with an estimated prevalence of 1% in the general population and a significant heritability rate of around 79%. The dopamine hypothesis, central to schizophrenia research, suggests heightened dopaminergic transmission as a primary factor in its development, supported by the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs targeting dopamine receptors. However, recent studies have revealed complexities beyond dopamine dysfunction, including the glutamate hypothesis, which proposes deficits in glutamate activity as an alternative explanation. This essay critically evaluates the dopamine hypothesis within the broader biopsychosocial framework, emphasizing the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in schizophrenia etiology. Despite its foundational role, the dopamine hypothesis has limitations in fully clarifying the multifaceted nature of schizophrenia, highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches integrating diverse perspectives and methodologies to enhance understanding of this complex disorder. Keywords: Dopamine Hypothesis, Schizophrenia, Mental Illness, Psychotic Symptoms, GENE x ENVIROMENT Interaction
{"title":"The Dopamine Hypothesis as a Causal Explanation of Schizophrenia","authors":"Maria Chanioti, Georgios Lyrakos, Georgios Pilafas","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20240205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240205","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, profoundly impacts individuals, families, and society, characterized by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, speech, and motor behavior, as outlined in the DSM-5 criteria. Coined by Eugen Bleuler in 1911 to emphasize fragmented cognition, the term \"schizophrenia\" replaced Emile Kraepelin's \"dementia praecox\"(1908) reflecting its chronic nature, with an estimated prevalence of 1% in the general population and a significant heritability rate of around 79%. The dopamine hypothesis, central to schizophrenia research, suggests heightened dopaminergic transmission as a primary factor in its development, supported by the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs targeting dopamine receptors. However, recent studies have revealed complexities beyond dopamine dysfunction, including the glutamate hypothesis, which proposes deficits in glutamate activity as an alternative explanation. This essay critically evaluates the dopamine hypothesis within the broader biopsychosocial framework, emphasizing the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in schizophrenia etiology. Despite its foundational role, the dopamine hypothesis has limitations in fully clarifying the multifaceted nature of schizophrenia, highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches integrating diverse perspectives and methodologies to enhance understanding of this complex disorder.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Dopamine Hypothesis, Schizophrenia, Mental Illness, Psychotic Symptoms, GENE x ENVIROMENT Interaction","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zygoma implants, sometimes called zygomatic implants, are different from conventional dental implants in that they are affixed in the zygomatic bone, not the maxilla. They can be used in situations when there is not enough maxillary bone, either in terms of quantity or consistency, to support a dental implant. Insufficient maxillary bone volume may result from a combination of maxillary sinus pneumatization and bone resorption. To guarantee proper implant survival, the normal implant placement in the posterior maxilla requires a bone height of about 10 mm. Increased bone volume can be achieved by sinus elevation and bone grafting techniques in cases when there is insufficient bone available. The drawbacks of bone grafting procedures in the jaws include the need for prolonged care, restrictions on denture wear, morbidity at the donor surgical site, and graft rejection. Keywords: Zygomatic implants, Prosthodontic Rehabilitation, Prosthetically driven approach
{"title":"Zygomatic Implant Rehabilitation: A Prosthodontic Driven Approach: A Review","authors":"Grazina Fernandes, Meena A. Aras, I. Coutinho","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20240201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240201","url":null,"abstract":"Zygoma implants, sometimes called zygomatic implants, are different from conventional dental implants in that they are affixed in the zygomatic bone, not the maxilla. They can be used in situations when there is not enough maxillary bone, either in terms of quantity or consistency, to support a dental implant. Insufficient maxillary bone volume may result from a combination of maxillary sinus pneumatization and bone resorption. To guarantee proper implant survival, the normal implant placement in the posterior maxilla requires a bone height of about 10 mm. Increased bone volume can be achieved by sinus elevation and bone grafting techniques in cases when there is insufficient bone available. The drawbacks of bone grafting procedures in the jaws include the need for prolonged care, restrictions on denture wear, morbidity at the donor surgical site, and graft rejection.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Zygomatic implants, Prosthodontic Rehabilitation, Prosthetically driven approach","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pulmonary renal syndrome (PRS) is a rare, autoimmune disease, defined as combination of pulmonary symptoms (cough, chest pain and dyspnea- at acute stage) and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition caused by infectious agents leading to fever, cough and shortness of breath. We report a case of a 42 years old female suffering from PRS and recently diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. Medically she was managed through antibacterial and oral corticosteroids. At initial encounter of pneumonia, she was in intensive care unit and had cough, dyspnea, pyrexia and fatigue with oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 94% on 15 liters of oxygen via non rebreathable mask. Her chest x-ray demonstrated lobar pneumonia involving right upper lobe. Even after the resolution of pneumonia, she had fatigue, dyspnea and baseline SpO2 of 90-92% on room air. Thus, all the above traits were treated by pulmonary rehabilitation. Purpose: To study the effect of tailor-made pulmonary rehabilitation in pneumonia along with PRS. Method: Physiotherapy was divided into 2 phases: (1) Acute phase: chest physiotherapy (breathing exercises, nebulization, bronchial hygiene, percussion and vibration) (2) Subacute and Late phase: dyspnea management, energy conservation techniques, early mobilization, exercise training (aerobic and strength) Result: 4 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation resulted in significant improvement in radiological finding, St. George’s respiratory questionnaire (85.39 to 15.53), SpO2 at room air (90% to 99%), Modified Medical Research council score (4 to 1), fatigue severity scale (43 to 21) with an improved inspiratory capacity measured by incentive spirometer. Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation is a structured and multifaceted approach which improves respiratory function, enhance physical fitness, reduces fatigue and the length of hospital stay, prevent recurrence and optimize overall quality of life. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of pulmonary rehabilitation in the treatment of pneumonia alongside Pulmonary Renal Syndrome. Keywords: pulmonary rehabilitation, pneumonia, pulmonary renal syndrome
{"title":"Effect of 4-Week Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Dyspnea, Fatigue, Quality of Life and Radiological Findings in a Patient with Pulmonary Renal Syndrome Suffering from Pneumonia - A Case Study","authors":"Shreya Tripathi, Bharat Tiwari","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20240202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240202","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pulmonary renal syndrome (PRS) is a rare, autoimmune disease, defined as combination of pulmonary symptoms (cough, chest pain and dyspnea- at acute stage) and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition caused by infectious agents leading to fever, cough and shortness of breath. We report a case of a 42 years old female suffering from PRS and recently diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. Medically she was managed through antibacterial and oral corticosteroids. At initial encounter of pneumonia, she was in intensive care unit and had cough, dyspnea, pyrexia and fatigue with oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 94% on 15 liters of oxygen via non rebreathable mask. Her chest x-ray demonstrated lobar pneumonia involving right upper lobe. Even after the resolution of pneumonia, she had fatigue, dyspnea and baseline SpO2 of 90-92% on room air. Thus, all the above traits were treated by pulmonary rehabilitation.\u0000Purpose: To study the effect of tailor-made pulmonary rehabilitation in pneumonia along with PRS.\u0000Method: Physiotherapy was divided into 2 phases: (1) Acute phase: chest physiotherapy (breathing exercises, nebulization, bronchial hygiene, percussion and vibration) (2) Subacute and Late phase: dyspnea management, energy conservation techniques, early mobilization, exercise training (aerobic and strength)\u0000Result: 4 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation resulted in significant improvement in radiological finding, St. George’s respiratory questionnaire (85.39 to 15.53), SpO2 at room air (90% to 99%), Modified Medical Research council score (4 to 1), fatigue severity scale (43 to 21) with an improved inspiratory capacity measured by incentive spirometer.\u0000Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation is a structured and multifaceted approach which improves respiratory function, enhance physical fitness, reduces fatigue and the length of hospital stay, prevent recurrence and optimize overall quality of life. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of pulmonary rehabilitation in the treatment of pneumonia alongside Pulmonary Renal Syndrome.\u0000\u0000Keywords: pulmonary rehabilitation, pneumonia, pulmonary renal syndrome","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease of the developed country and cause of chronic disability, and may cause joint failure. Osteoarthritis of knee joint is common musculoskeletal problem nowdays in Indian population. OA is ranked among top 20 diseases in 40-45 years of age group. Purpose: Osteoarthritis is responsible for major burden of disease and is one of the leading causes of global disability. People delay accessing health care for Knee Osteoarthritis due to lack of knowledge. Therefore early diagnosis, signs and symptoms and awareness to delay/stall future disease process is essential for enhancing quality of life and function. Objective: Objective of this study was to assess the knowledge about preventive measures of OA. Setting: Different parts of Pune city. Method: The study is undertaken to assess knowledge about preventives measures of OA with the help of self-made questionnaire in urban population of Pune, approved by ethical committee. The study was commenced with a sample size of 200 among urban residents of Pune. The questionnaire was circulated via google form through mails and other social media platforms and data analysis was done. Participants: Age group 25-50 years were taken for the study. Population who were clinically pre diagnosed with osteoarthritis were excluded from the study. Outcome measure: The primary outcome measure of this study was to assess the knowledge about preventive measures of OA where they have good knowledge about OA. Results: Maximum population is aware about Osteoarthritis Conclusion: There is lack of awareness regarding, signs and symptoms like crepitus, deformity, tenderness, joint enlargement, and risk factors, including age, trauma, family history and also the importance of posture correction and environmental awareness. Most of the population are not aware of surgical and conventional treatment for osteoarthritis. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, prevention, bones and joints, awareness
背景：骨关节炎（OA）是发达国家最常见的关节疾病，也是造成慢性残疾的原因，并可能导致关节功能衰竭。膝关节骨性关节炎是当今印度人常见的肌肉骨骼问题。目的：骨关节炎是主要的疾病负担，也是导致全球残疾的主要原因之一。由于缺乏相关知识，人们延误了对膝关节骨性关节炎的治疗。因此，早期诊断、症状和体征以及推迟/阻止未来疾病进程的意识对于提高生活质量和功能至关重要：本研究旨在评估有关 OA 预防措施的知识：地点：普纳市不同地区：本研究采用自制的调查问卷，评估浦那城市居民对 OA 预防措施的了解程度。研究以 200 名浦那城市居民为样本量开始。问卷通过电子邮件和其他社交媒体平台以谷歌表格的形式分发，并进行了数据分析：研究对象：年龄在 25-50 岁之间。结果测量：本研究的主要结果测量是评估人们对骨性关节炎预防措施的了解程度，以及他们对骨性关节炎的了解程度：结果：大多数人都了解骨关节炎：结论：人们对骨性关节炎的症状和体征缺乏认识，如皱褶、畸形、压痛、关节肿大和风险因素，包括年龄、外伤、家族史以及姿势矫正和环境意识的重要性。大多数人并不了解骨关节炎的手术和传统治疗方法：骨关节炎、预防、骨骼和关节、认识
{"title":"Awareness of Preventive Measures in Osteoarthritis Among Urban Population in Pune City","authors":"Yashvi Jain, Mahendra Shende","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20240203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240203","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease of the developed country and cause of chronic disability, and may cause joint failure. Osteoarthritis of knee joint is common musculoskeletal problem nowdays in Indian population. OA is ranked among top 20 diseases in 40-45 years of age group.\u0000Purpose: Osteoarthritis is responsible for major burden of disease and is one of the leading causes of global disability. People delay accessing health care for Knee Osteoarthritis due to lack of knowledge. Therefore early diagnosis, signs and symptoms and awareness to delay/stall future disease process is essential for enhancing quality of life and function.\u0000Objective: Objective of this study was to assess the knowledge about preventive measures of OA.\u0000Setting: Different parts of Pune city.\u0000Method: The study is undertaken to assess knowledge about preventives measures of OA with the help of self-made questionnaire in urban population of Pune, approved by ethical committee. The study was commenced with a sample size of 200 among urban residents of Pune. The questionnaire was circulated via google form through mails and other social media platforms and data analysis was done.\u0000Participants: Age group 25-50 years were taken for the study. Population who were clinically pre diagnosed with osteoarthritis were excluded from the study.\u0000Outcome measure: The primary outcome measure of this study was to assess the knowledge about preventive measures of OA where they have good knowledge about OA.\u0000Results: Maximum population is aware about Osteoarthritis\u0000Conclusion: There is lack of awareness regarding, signs and symptoms like crepitus, deformity, tenderness, joint enlargement, and risk factors, including age, trauma, family history and also the importance of posture correction and environmental awareness. Most of the population are not aware of surgical and conventional treatment for osteoarthritis.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Osteoarthritis, prevention, bones and joints, awareness","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":"46 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Made Wicitra Winansari, Ni Putu Ayu Pande Arista Dewi, Ni Made Indah Kencanawati
Background: A corneal ulcer is a pathological discontinuity of corneal epithelium surface. The incidence in developing countries reached 1.5-2 million per year and one of the causes of blindness. Corneal ulcers can occur at any age and gender which is influenced by geographic conditions. The causes of corneal ulcers vary depend on the region, predisposing factors, and microorganisms in the particular community. Purpose: To know the characteristics of corneal ulcers particularly at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital and as a basic data for further research. Methods: A total of 77 selected medical records at Bali Mandara Hospital from January 2021–May 2022 were used in this descriptive study using a retrospective method. Patient characteristics, etiology, clinical characteristics, management, and complications were identified in this study. Descriptive analysis was performed on all data and presented in frequency tabulation. Results: In this study, 52 cases (67.5%) were male and 25 cases (32.5%) were female. The largest age group was 24-64 years with 34 cases (44.2%). All cases with corneal ulcers (100%) complained of red eye symptoms. Trauma (61.0%) as the most common predisposing factors that was caused by plants (24.7%). The most common etiologies were bacteria (46.8%) followed by fungi (5.2%), and mixed (28.6%). Most of the cases were managed without treatment (66.2%) with the outcome of improvement (55.8%), without complications (53.2%), perforation (28.6%), and descemetocele (15.6%). Conclusion: Most patients with corneal ulcers at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital are male than female with range of 24-64 years and trauma being the most common predisposing factor. This is because it is the range for productive age and the majority of the population in Indonesia, especially Bali, works as farmers. Most microorganisms that cause corneal ulcers are bacteria. Most patients receive non-surgical treatment with more than 50% of patients experiencing improvements in vision and no complications. Keywords: Corneal Ulcers, keratitis, ocular trauma, visual impairment
{"title":"Characteristics of Corneal Ulcer Patients at Bali Mandara Eye Hospital in 2021-2022","authors":"Made Wicitra Winansari, Ni Putu Ayu Pande Arista Dewi, Ni Made Indah Kencanawati","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20240204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A corneal ulcer is a pathological discontinuity of corneal epithelium surface. The incidence in developing countries reached 1.5-2 million per year and one of the causes of blindness. Corneal ulcers can occur at any age and gender which is influenced by geographic conditions. The causes of corneal ulcers vary depend on the region, predisposing factors, and microorganisms in the particular community.\u0000Purpose: To know the characteristics of corneal ulcers particularly at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital and as a basic data for further research.\u0000Methods: A total of 77 selected medical records at Bali Mandara Hospital from January 2021–May 2022 were used in this descriptive study using a retrospective method. Patient characteristics, etiology, clinical characteristics, management, and complications were identified in this study. Descriptive analysis was performed on all data and presented in frequency tabulation.\u0000Results: In this study, 52 cases (67.5%) were male and 25 cases (32.5%) were female. The largest age group was 24-64 years with 34 cases (44.2%). All cases with corneal ulcers (100%) complained of red eye symptoms. Trauma (61.0%) as the most common predisposing factors that was caused by plants (24.7%). The most common etiologies were bacteria (46.8%) followed by fungi (5.2%), and mixed (28.6%). Most of the cases were managed without treatment (66.2%) with the outcome of improvement (55.8%), without complications (53.2%), perforation (28.6%), and descemetocele (15.6%).\u0000Conclusion: Most patients with corneal ulcers at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital are male than female with range of 24-64 years and trauma being the most common predisposing factor. This is because it is the range for productive age and the majority of the population in Indonesia, especially Bali, works as farmers. Most microorganisms that cause corneal ulcers are bacteria. Most patients receive non-surgical treatment with more than 50% of patients experiencing improvements in vision and no complications.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Corneal Ulcers, keratitis, ocular trauma, visual impairment","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Injury prevention and exercise prescription are critical components of healthcare for older adults. Physical therapists play a critical role in fall risk screening, assessment, and prevention in elderly communities. By incorporating STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries) and other evidence-based tools and resources, physical therapists can help identify and address fall risk factors, link older adults with community-based programs and resources, and reduce the incidence of falls and related injuries in this population. Evidence-based interventions for fall prevention include exercise interventions that are tailored and include a combination of exercise types, considering individual abilities and preferences. Exercise programs can reduce falls in older people living in residential aged care facilities, but exercise has little or no lasting effect on falls after the end of a program. Physical therapists should consider the patient's fall risk, functional limitations, and comorbidities when prescribing exercises for balance and falls prevention. Physical therapists can help elderly communities implement evidence-based strategies for injury prevention and exercise prescription by adopting a person-centered approach, challenging ageist stereotypes, using sound outcome measures, prioritizing physical activity, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals. By doing so, physical therapists can promote the health, independence, and well-being of older adults, and help them lead active, fulfilling lives. A combination of strength, balance, and functional training exercises, as well as other evidence-based strategies, can significantly reduce the risk of falls in elderly communities. Physical therapists and healthcare providers should consider these interventions when developing fall prevention programs for older adults. Exercise interventions for preventing falls in elderly communities should be implemented regularly, with a frequency of at least three sessions per week, and for a duration of up to 12 months. Keywords: Elderly communities, injury prevention, exercise prescription in elderly, falls prevention, aging
{"title":"Evidence-Based Strategies for Injury Prevention and Exercise Prescription in Elderly Communities: The Physical Therapist's Perspective","authors":"Charumathi Polavarapu","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20211052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20211052","url":null,"abstract":"Injury prevention and exercise prescription are critical components of healthcare for older adults. Physical therapists play a critical role in fall risk screening, assessment, and prevention in elderly communities. By incorporating STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries) and other evidence-based tools and resources, physical therapists can help identify and address fall risk factors, link older adults with community-based programs and resources, and reduce the incidence of falls and related injuries in this population.\u0000Evidence-based interventions for fall prevention include exercise interventions that are tailored and include a combination of exercise types, considering individual abilities and preferences. Exercise programs can reduce falls in older people living in residential aged care facilities, but exercise has little or no lasting effect on falls after the end of a program. Physical therapists should consider the patient's fall risk, functional limitations, and comorbidities when prescribing exercises for balance and falls prevention.\u0000Physical therapists can help elderly communities implement evidence-based strategies for injury prevention and exercise prescription by adopting a person-centered approach, challenging ageist stereotypes, using sound outcome measures, prioritizing physical activity, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals. By doing so, physical therapists can promote the health, independence, and well-being of older adults, and help them lead active, fulfilling lives.\u0000A combination of strength, balance, and functional training exercises, as well as other evidence-based strategies, can significantly reduce the risk of falls in elderly communities. Physical therapists and healthcare providers should consider these interventions when developing fall prevention programs for older adults. Exercise interventions for preventing falls in elderly communities should be implemented regularly, with a frequency of at least three sessions per week, and for a duration of up to 12 months.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Elderly communities, injury prevention, exercise prescription in elderly, falls prevention, aging","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":"23 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141041416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand hygiene is the primary measure proven to be effective in precluding HCAI and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. However, it has been shown that HCWs encounter difficulties in complying with hand hygiene suggestions at different situations. Thus, looking into the intensity of the problem and investigator experience, it's important to find out the knowledge and practice of ward attendants regarding hand hygiene to prevent hospital acquired infections. A quantitative research approach with descriptive research design was used to conduct this study. 60 ward attendants were assessed by using convenient sampling technique. The result showed that means % of knowledge was 35 with SD 3.61 and mean percentage of practice was 49.58 with SD2.21. Study revealed that 53.33 samples had poor knowledge and 60 had poor practice for hand hygiene. There was weak positive correlation (‘r’ value 0.10) between knowledge and practice score of ward attendants. Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, Hand Hygiene, Ward attendants, Demonstration.
{"title":"A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Hand Washing Among Ward Attendants in Selected Hospital at Jaipur with a View to Conduct a Demonstration on Hand Washing","authors":"Jogendra Kumar Sharma, Vishram Meena","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20240142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240142","url":null,"abstract":"Hand hygiene is the primary measure proven to be effective in precluding HCAI and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. However, it has been shown that HCWs encounter difficulties in complying with hand hygiene suggestions at different situations. Thus, looking into the intensity of the problem and investigator experience, it's important to find out the knowledge and practice of ward attendants regarding hand hygiene to prevent hospital acquired infections. A quantitative research approach with descriptive research design was used to conduct this study. 60 ward attendants were assessed by using convenient sampling technique. The result showed that means % of knowledge was 35 with SD 3.61 and mean percentage of practice was 49.58 with SD2.21. Study revealed that 53.33 samples had poor knowledge and 60 had poor practice for hand hygiene. There was weak positive correlation (‘r’ value 0.10) between knowledge and practice score of ward attendants.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, Hand Hygiene, Ward attendants, Demonstration.","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmud Abdulkadir Magashi, Huazhong Cai, Z. Shaibu
Background: Due to its dismal survival rates and limited treatment choices, pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to be one of the most difficult and aggressive cancers in the world. The potential of immunotherapy (IT) in treating different forms of cancer has led to research on how effective it is in treating advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). Aims: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of IT in conjunction with chemotherapy for the management of APC. Method: Using electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, a thorough literature search was carried out to find pertinent papers published up until March 20, 2023. Research on the effectiveness and safety of IT in conjunction with chemotherapy for APC were included. The Review manager 5.4.1 was used to conducted an analysis of the included studies. Results: The odd ratio of the stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) was 1.22 (95% CI: 0.95–1.57), and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.61–1.00), respectively, indicating that there was no significant difference between IT plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone. Also, the partial response (PR) of the IT plus chemotherapy did not differ from chemotherapy alone. The odd ratio of partial response was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.80–1.79). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was no significant difference in the rates of SD, PD, or PR between the treatment of IT combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in APC patients. This indicates that the outcomes were similar between the two treatment approaches. However, it is important to note that further analysis and consideration of the full study data are necessary to validate this conclusion. Keywords: Advanced pancreas cancer, adenocarcinoma, Immunotherapy, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, Chemotherapy
{"title":"Treatment Response of Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Mahmud Abdulkadir Magashi, Huazhong Cai, Z. Shaibu","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20240106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to its dismal survival rates and limited treatment choices, pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to be one of the most difficult and aggressive cancers in the world. The potential of immunotherapy (IT) in treating different forms of cancer has led to research on how effective it is in treating advanced pancreatic cancer (APC).\u0000Aims: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of IT in conjunction with chemotherapy for the management of APC.\u0000Method: Using electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, a thorough literature search was carried out to find pertinent papers published up until March 20, 2023. Research on the effectiveness and safety of IT in conjunction with chemotherapy for APC were included. The Review manager 5.4.1 was used to conducted an analysis of the included studies.\u0000Results: The odd ratio of the stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) was 1.22 (95% CI: 0.95–1.57), and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.61–1.00), respectively, indicating that there was no significant difference between IT plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone. Also, the partial response (PR) of the IT plus chemotherapy did not differ from chemotherapy alone. The odd ratio of partial response was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.80–1.79).\u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was no significant difference in the rates of SD, PD, or PR between the treatment of IT combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in APC patients. This indicates that the outcomes were similar between the two treatment approaches. However, it is important to note that further analysis and consideration of the full study data are necessary to validate this conclusion.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Advanced pancreas cancer, adenocarcinoma, Immunotherapy, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, Chemotherapy","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":"71 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections has become a devastating publi6c health problem. In response, many governments have taken measures to reduce the transmission of HIV and the number of deaths from HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study aims to investigate spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS in Vietnam in 2017 with the help of a histogram and Geographic Information System (GIS). Materials and Methods: Datasets of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS in Vietnam in 2017 were first collected from website of the Vietnam Ministry of Health. Histogram was then used to study distribution of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS. It will go on to analyze the spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS. Finally, the results will be discussed and concluded. Results: It was found that a high number of HIV/AIDS cases was mainly concentrated in the provinces of the north central region, Da Nang and some provinces in the south of Vietnam. High number of deaths due to AIDS was mainly concentrated in the provinces/cities of the northeast and north central regions of Vietnam. Meanwhile, low and very low numbers of deaths due to AIDS were mainly found in the south central and south-central regions of Vietnam. Conclusion: Histogram and GIS-based mapping technique can be useful tools for mapping spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS. Findings in this study can also provide an insight into the spread patterns of HIV/AIDS. Keywords: Spatial distribution, HIV/AIDS, Infectious diseases, Deaths, Histogram, Geographic Information System.
{"title":"A Study on Spatial Distribution of HIV/AIDS Using Histogram and Geographic Information System","authors":"Thi-Hong Dao, Thi-Bich-Thuy Luong","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20240109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240109","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections has become a devastating publi6c health problem. In response, many governments have taken measures to reduce the transmission of HIV and the number of deaths from HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study aims to investigate spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS in Vietnam in 2017 with the help of a histogram and Geographic Information System (GIS).\u0000Materials and Methods: Datasets of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS in Vietnam in 2017 were first collected from website of the Vietnam Ministry of Health. Histogram was then used to study distribution of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS. It will go on to analyze the spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS. Finally, the results will be discussed and concluded.\u0000Results: It was found that a high number of HIV/AIDS cases was mainly concentrated in the provinces of the north central region, Da Nang and some provinces in the south of Vietnam. High number of deaths due to AIDS was mainly concentrated in the provinces/cities of the northeast and north central regions of Vietnam. Meanwhile, low and very low numbers of deaths due to AIDS were mainly found in the south central and south-central regions of Vietnam.\u0000Conclusion: Histogram and GIS-based mapping technique can be useful tools for mapping spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS. Findings in this study can also provide an insight into the spread patterns of HIV/AIDS.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Spatial distribution, HIV/AIDS, Infectious diseases, Deaths, Histogram, Geographic Information System.","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Hand function evaluations form an important element of extremity assessment, which helps to define the patient’s problem. Many functional hand evaluations described in the literature. However, cultural differences, expenses incurred, non-availability of Indian normative data makes clinical application of these tests difficult in Indian scenario. An attempt is made in the said study to construct an inexpensive, culture based, easy to administer, hand function test, which can be used for evaluation of the functioning of the upper extremity, for daily living tasks. Hence, the formulation of CAT (Comprehensive assessment tool) for evaluation of hand function. Objectives: To construct a simple, but comprehensive test for assessment of hand function. (CAT for hand function evaluation) 2. To check the reliability of the CAT test. Materials and methods: CAT test proforma was prepared based on available literature. The test that was constructed, consisted of 14 unilateral and 16 bilateral items. The study was conducted in the Occupational therapy department of a tertiary care hospital. Inclusion criteria were Normal, healthy individuals, between 20-60 years of age, with no known musculoskeletal upper extremity problems were recruited for the study. Total 30 people were evaluated on the newly constructed test and retested after a period of 3 weeks on the 30 test items after obtaining written informed consent. Standard method was employed while performance of the test. Scoring was done in time in seconds, and performance on CAT results noted. Results: Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from .798 to .976 suggesting excellent test-retest reliability for most test items. For bilateral test items, Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .573 to .941 suggesting from fair for some items and excellent test-retest reliability for most test items. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that the results of the CAT test are reproducible, hence CAT is a reliable test. Keywords: CAT test, Comprehensive test, Functional hand evaluation, Hand function
{"title":"CAT (Comprehensive Assessment Tool) for Assessment of Functional Capacity of the Hand","authors":"Shilpshree Palsule, Jayashri Kale","doi":"10.52403/ijshr.20240103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hand function evaluations form an important element of extremity assessment, which helps to define the patient’s problem. Many functional hand evaluations described in the literature. However, cultural differences, expenses incurred, non-availability of Indian normative data makes clinical application of these tests difficult in Indian scenario.\u0000An attempt is made in the said study to construct an inexpensive, culture based, easy to administer, hand function test, which can be used for evaluation of the functioning of the upper extremity, for daily living tasks. Hence, the formulation of CAT (Comprehensive assessment tool) for evaluation of hand function.\u0000Objectives: To construct a simple, but comprehensive test for assessment of hand function. (CAT for hand function evaluation)\u00002. To check the reliability of the CAT test.\u0000Materials and methods: CAT test proforma was prepared based on available literature. The test that was constructed, consisted of 14 unilateral and 16 bilateral items. The study was conducted in the Occupational therapy department of a tertiary care hospital. Inclusion criteria were Normal, healthy individuals, between 20-60 years of age, with no known musculoskeletal upper extremity problems were recruited for the study. Total 30 people were evaluated on the newly constructed test and retested after a period of 3 weeks on the 30 test items after obtaining written informed consent. Standard method was employed while performance of the test. Scoring was done in time in seconds, and performance on CAT results noted.\u0000Results: Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from .798 to .976 suggesting excellent test-retest reliability for most test items. For bilateral test items, Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .573 to .941 suggesting from fair for some items and excellent test-retest reliability for most test items.\u0000Conclusion: The above findings suggest that the results of the CAT test are reproducible, hence CAT is a reliable test.\u0000\u0000Keywords: CAT test, Comprehensive test, Functional hand evaluation, Hand function","PeriodicalId":14300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research","volume":"58 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：