Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2834
C. King, Anna E. A. Surace, G. Jeffers, D. Hawcutt, I. Sinha
Background: Children are particularly susceptible to hazardous effects of air pollution, even at low concentrations. Acute respiratory illness is a significant cause of unscheduled healthcare resource utilisation (HRU) in children. Method: An overview of systematic reviews was undertaken. The exposures of interest were particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO). The primary outcome was the association between these pollutants and unscheduled HRU (hospital admissions, ED visits, or both) for asthma, lower respiratory infection (pneumonia and bronchiolitis), bronchitis, acute wheeze, croup, influenza and pertussis in children. Secondary outcomes were risk of critical care admission, unscheduled primary care visits, and mortality. GRADE methodology was used to determine validity of evidence based on quality of the reviews. Results: Eleven systematic reviews were included. Moderate quality evidence that HRU for asthma exacerbations in children is associated with increased concentrations of all air pollutants studied (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, SO2, CO) was identified. For pneumonia, increased HRU was correlated with increased concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and O3. For bronchiolitis the quality was low to moderate, and the associations less clear. No studies captured the secondary outcomes. No systematic reviews considered the concentration of the ambient air pollutants in relation to outcomes and WHO concentrations guidelines. Conclusion: Increased concentrations of a range of ambient air pollutants is associated with increased risk of unscheduled HRU for asthma and pneumonia.
{"title":"The effects of ambient air pollution on the risk of hospitalisation with acute respiratory illnesses in children: an overview of systematic reviews","authors":"C. King, Anna E. A. Surace, G. Jeffers, D. Hawcutt, I. Sinha","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2834","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children are particularly susceptible to hazardous effects of air pollution, even at low concentrations. Acute respiratory illness is a significant cause of unscheduled healthcare resource utilisation (HRU) in children. Method: An overview of systematic reviews was undertaken. The exposures of interest were particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO). The primary outcome was the association between these pollutants and unscheduled HRU (hospital admissions, ED visits, or both) for asthma, lower respiratory infection (pneumonia and bronchiolitis), bronchitis, acute wheeze, croup, influenza and pertussis in children. Secondary outcomes were risk of critical care admission, unscheduled primary care visits, and mortality. GRADE methodology was used to determine validity of evidence based on quality of the reviews. Results: Eleven systematic reviews were included. Moderate quality evidence that HRU for asthma exacerbations in children is associated with increased concentrations of all air pollutants studied (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, SO2, CO) was identified. For pneumonia, increased HRU was correlated with increased concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and O3. For bronchiolitis the quality was low to moderate, and the associations less clear. No studies captured the secondary outcomes. No systematic reviews considered the concentration of the ambient air pollutants in relation to outcomes and WHO concentrations guidelines. Conclusion: Increased concentrations of a range of ambient air pollutants is associated with increased risk of unscheduled HRU for asthma and pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74409771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1983
J. Pourazar, M. Sehlstedt, Gregory D. Rankin, O. Uski, C. Boman, Natxo García López, R. Lindgren, T. Sandström, A. Blomberg, A. Behndig, A. Muala
{"title":"Exposure to wood smoke induced activation of lymphocyte subtypes in peripheral blood","authors":"J. Pourazar, M. Sehlstedt, Gregory D. Rankin, O. Uski, C. Boman, Natxo García López, R. Lindgren, T. Sandström, A. Blomberg, A. Behndig, A. Muala","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1983","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79580689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa5249
G. Guarnieri, Mauro Salasnich, P. Lucernoni, M. Sbaraglia, M. G. Putzu, P. Zuliani, S. Vio, F. Liviero, P. Maculan, P. Mason, P. Maestrelli
Introduction: Diagnosis of silicosis is a resurgent issue since clusters of this occupational disease have been reported in relation to fabrication of quartz conglomerates. Aim: To evaluate the sensitivity of different diagnostic tools in the detection of silicosis. Methods: Active search of pneumoconiosis was performed in 4 companies of North-Eastern Italy involved in the fabrication of benchtops made of artificial quartz conglomerates. Occupational history, silica cumulative exposure, chest x-ray, spirometry, carbon monoxide lung diffusion (DLco) and chest HRCT (classified according to International Classification of HRCT for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases) were obtained. In selected cases, trans-bronchial biopsies were taken for histological evaluation and identification of silica crystals in the tissue by Electron Microscopy. Results: Twenty-two cases of silicosis were diagnosed. Mean age at diagnosis was 43 years and duration of exposure to quartz conglomerate dust was 3.5 to 20 years. The range of silica cumulative exposure was 1.74-5.40 mg/m3/years. Abnormal findings were detected in 41% of chest x-ray, in 38% of spirometry (restrictive pattern) and 57% of DLco. HRCTs were abnormal in all cases showing well-defined rounded opacities (size p), irregular/linear intralobular opacities and bilateral enlarged mediastinal lymph-nodes. Histological findings consistent with silicosis were observed in 18 cases. Numerous silica particles (diameter 0.1-5 μm) were identified in lung tissue. Conclusions: Chest HRCT is the most sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of silicosis, while reduction in DLco is the most frequent functional abnormality. The results suggest that chest HRCT is indicated for screening of workers with high cumulative exposure to silica.
{"title":"Sensitivity of diagnostic tools for silicosis associated to fabrication of quartz conglomerates","authors":"G. Guarnieri, Mauro Salasnich, P. Lucernoni, M. Sbaraglia, M. G. Putzu, P. Zuliani, S. Vio, F. Liviero, P. Maculan, P. Mason, P. Maestrelli","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa5249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa5249","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diagnosis of silicosis is a resurgent issue since clusters of this occupational disease have been reported in relation to fabrication of quartz conglomerates. Aim: To evaluate the sensitivity of different diagnostic tools in the detection of silicosis. Methods: Active search of pneumoconiosis was performed in 4 companies of North-Eastern Italy involved in the fabrication of benchtops made of artificial quartz conglomerates. Occupational history, silica cumulative exposure, chest x-ray, spirometry, carbon monoxide lung diffusion (DLco) and chest HRCT (classified according to International Classification of HRCT for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases) were obtained. In selected cases, trans-bronchial biopsies were taken for histological evaluation and identification of silica crystals in the tissue by Electron Microscopy. Results: Twenty-two cases of silicosis were diagnosed. Mean age at diagnosis was 43 years and duration of exposure to quartz conglomerate dust was 3.5 to 20 years. The range of silica cumulative exposure was 1.74-5.40 mg/m3/years. Abnormal findings were detected in 41% of chest x-ray, in 38% of spirometry (restrictive pattern) and 57% of DLco. HRCTs were abnormal in all cases showing well-defined rounded opacities (size p), irregular/linear intralobular opacities and bilateral enlarged mediastinal lymph-nodes. Histological findings consistent with silicosis were observed in 18 cases. Numerous silica particles (diameter 0.1-5 μm) were identified in lung tissue. Conclusions: Chest HRCT is the most sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of silicosis, while reduction in DLco is the most frequent functional abnormality. The results suggest that chest HRCT is indicated for screening of workers with high cumulative exposure to silica.","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"s3-36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90826931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2843
L. Miyashita, G. Foley, R. Dobson, A. Rule, S. Semple, J. Grigg
{"title":"Household Biomass Particulate Matter Increases Susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection","authors":"L. Miyashita, G. Foley, R. Dobson, A. Rule, S. Semple, J. Grigg","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91237595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2816
J. Vanoirbeek, Lore Pollaris, T. Decaesteker, Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere, Hung-Chang Tsui, G. Velde, B. Nemery, P. Hoet
{"title":"The role of the innate immune system in a mouse model of chemical-induced asthma","authors":"J. Vanoirbeek, Lore Pollaris, T. Decaesteker, Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere, Hung-Chang Tsui, G. Velde, B. Nemery, P. Hoet","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79589035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1993
J. Jaakkola, A. Rantala, H. Antikainen, T. Hugg, J. Kukkonen, L. Kangas, M. Sofiev, M. Jaakkola
{"title":"Prenatal and early-life exposure to PM2.5 and O3 and the development of asthma in the first 27 years of life","authors":"J. Jaakkola, A. Rantala, H. Antikainen, T. Hugg, J. Kukkonen, L. Kangas, M. Sofiev, M. Jaakkola","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1993","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86053618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa3280
A. Niranjala, V. Moore, G. Walters, A. Robertson, S. Burge
{"title":"Why are specific inhalation challenges (SIC) negative in workers with suspected occupational asthma?","authors":"A. Niranjala, V. Moore, G. Walters, A. Robertson, S. Burge","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa3280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa3280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79960331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2830
J. Bassein, S. Ganesh, Myra G. dela Pena-Ponce, J. Backer, M. Lanclus, D. Belmans, C. V. Holsbeke, L. Miller
Rationale: Wildfires are predicted to increase in frequency as a result of climate change. The impact of acute wildfire smoke inhalation on development of chronic disease is unknown. Previously, we have reported lung function decrements in a cohort of adolescent rhesus macaque monkeys that were exposed as infants to the Northern California wildfires (Black, et. al. 2017). For this current study, we hypothesized that pulmonary changes due to early life wildfire smoke exposure would persist into adulthood and lead to transmission of maternal phenotype into offspring. Methods: Adult female rhesus monkeys were born and reared in an outdoor environment within three months prior to the Trinity and Humboldt County summer wildfires in 2008, which produced significant episodes of PM2.5 exposures within one mile of the primate colony. High resolution computerized tomography (CT) imaging of the thoracic cavity was conducted on adult animals only. CT scans were analyzed using Functional Respiratory Imaging to quantify structural changes and functional deficits. A second cohort born in the spring of 2009 served as a control group; biospecimen collection and imaging were conducted in subsequent years to normalize age. Results: CT scans from wildfire smoke-exposed adult monkeys showed significant reductions in lung volume, inspiratory capacity, and ventilation perfusion relative to controls. A significant increase in specific airway radius and blood vessel density was also detected in wildfire smoke-exposed adult monkeys. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that early life ambient wildfire smoke exposure results in pulmonary responses that persist into adulthood. Funding: California Air Resources Board and NIEHS T32 ES007059
理由:据预测，由于气候变化，野火发生的频率会增加。急性野火烟雾吸入对慢性疾病发展的影响尚不清楚。此前，我们曾报道过一组青少年恒河猴的肺功能下降，这些恒河猴在婴儿时期暴露于北加州的野火中(Black, et al. 2017)。在目前的研究中，我们假设由于早期暴露于野火烟雾导致的肺部变化将持续到成年，并导致母体表型遗传给后代。方法:在2008年三一县和洪堡县夏季野火发生前的三个月内，成年雌性恒河猴出生并在室外环境中饲养，这些野火在灵长类动物聚居区一英里内产生了严重的PM2.5暴露事件。高分辨率计算机断层扫描(CT)仅对成年动物进行了胸腔成像。CT扫描分析使用功能呼吸成像量化结构变化和功能缺陷。2009年春天出生的第二组人作为对照组;在随后的几年中进行生物标本收集和成像以使年龄正常化。结果:野火烟雾暴露的成年猴子的CT扫描显示，与对照组相比，肺容量、吸气量和通气灌注显著减少。在野火烟雾暴露的成年猴子中，也发现了比气道半径和血管密度的显著增加。结论:我们的研究结果表明，早期生活环境野火烟雾暴露导致肺部反应持续到成年期。资助:加州空气资源委员会和NIEHS T32 ES007059
{"title":"Wildfire Smoke Exposure During Infancy Results in Impaired Lung Function","authors":"J. Bassein, S. Ganesh, Myra G. dela Pena-Ponce, J. Backer, M. Lanclus, D. Belmans, C. V. Holsbeke, L. Miller","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2830","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Wildfires are predicted to increase in frequency as a result of climate change. The impact of acute wildfire smoke inhalation on development of chronic disease is unknown. Previously, we have reported lung function decrements in a cohort of adolescent rhesus macaque monkeys that were exposed as infants to the Northern California wildfires (Black, et. al. 2017). For this current study, we hypothesized that pulmonary changes due to early life wildfire smoke exposure would persist into adulthood and lead to transmission of maternal phenotype into offspring. Methods: Adult female rhesus monkeys were born and reared in an outdoor environment within three months prior to the Trinity and Humboldt County summer wildfires in 2008, which produced significant episodes of PM2.5 exposures within one mile of the primate colony. High resolution computerized tomography (CT) imaging of the thoracic cavity was conducted on adult animals only. CT scans were analyzed using Functional Respiratory Imaging to quantify structural changes and functional deficits. A second cohort born in the spring of 2009 served as a control group; biospecimen collection and imaging were conducted in subsequent years to normalize age. Results: CT scans from wildfire smoke-exposed adult monkeys showed significant reductions in lung volume, inspiratory capacity, and ventilation perfusion relative to controls. A significant increase in specific airway radius and blood vessel density was also detected in wildfire smoke-exposed adult monkeys. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that early life ambient wildfire smoke exposure results in pulmonary responses that persist into adulthood. Funding: California Air Resources Board and NIEHS T32 ES007059","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83212865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1990
N. Easton, M. Cooper, S. Bray, F. Bulot, S. Cox, J. Whiteside, D. Teagle, Steven J. Johnston, D. Davies, G. Foster, M. Loxham
{"title":"Shipping-related particulate matter air pollution – source-specific effects on bronchial epithelial cells","authors":"N. Easton, M. Cooper, S. Bray, F. Bulot, S. Cox, J. Whiteside, D. Teagle, Steven J. Johnston, D. Davies, G. Foster, M. Loxham","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89047990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2832
R. F. Mizutani, M. Terra-Filho, T. Nery, C. Lopes, R. Arbex, M. Arbex, R. Stelmach, U. Santos
{"title":"Evaluation of respiratory symptoms and lung function in adolescents living in a ceramic industrial park zone","authors":"R. F. Mizutani, M. Terra-Filho, T. Nery, C. Lopes, R. Arbex, M. Arbex, R. Stelmach, U. Santos","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14308,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87241860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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