Pub Date : 2016-03-01DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844964
Yong-Cheol Kwon, S. Sul, Noor Aamir Baloch, S. Murakami, S. Morimoto
In this paper, two designs of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) for sensorless drive with absolute rotor position estimation capability are proposed. A conventional IPMSM design prepared for the same purpose had a demerit that for absolute position estimation, saying that the rotor should initially stroke for 100° in the worst case. In order to reduce the initial stroke of the rotor, two new IPMSM designs featuring asymmetric winding and asymmetric rotor geometry are proposed and constructed as prototype motors. With the prototype motors, initial stroke of the rotor has been reduced to 30°. Moreover, basic characteristics of the motor such as torque ripples and harmonics of EMF have been also conspicuously improved. The overall performances of the proposed designs have been evaluated by rigorous finite element analysis and experimental test.
{"title":"Improved design of IPMSM for sensorless drive with absolute rotor position estimation capability","authors":"Yong-Cheol Kwon, S. Sul, Noor Aamir Baloch, S. Murakami, S. Morimoto","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844964","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, two designs of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) for sensorless drive with absolute rotor position estimation capability are proposed. A conventional IPMSM design prepared for the same purpose had a demerit that for absolute position estimation, saying that the rotor should initially stroke for 100° in the worst case. In order to reduce the initial stroke of the rotor, two new IPMSM designs featuring asymmetric winding and asymmetric rotor geometry are proposed and constructed as prototype motors. With the prototype motors, initial stroke of the rotor has been reduced to 30°. Moreover, basic characteristics of the motor such as torque ripples and harmonics of EMF have been also conspicuously improved. The overall performances of the proposed designs have been evaluated by rigorous finite element analysis and experimental test.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130726319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-17DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844972
Y. Iwaji, R. Takahata, Takahiro Suzuki, M. Hano
A new position sensorless method is proposed for surface permanent magnet synchronous motors in all speed regions. In this method, two sensorless methods are switched in accordance with the rotating speed. In low speed regions, an Induced Voltage caused by a Magnetic Saturation (IVMS) based method is used. This method is switched to a back EMF based sinusoidal current method at a medium or high speed. Some control blocks are commonly used for both methods. Therefore, the methods can be switched smoothly and rapidly. The basic idea and the experimental results are described.
{"title":"All-speed-range drive for surface permanent magnet synchronous motors by combined use of two position sensorless methods","authors":"Y. Iwaji, R. Takahata, Takahiro Suzuki, M. Hano","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844972","url":null,"abstract":"A new position sensorless method is proposed for surface permanent magnet synchronous motors in all speed regions. In this method, two sensorless methods are switched in accordance with the rotating speed. In low speed regions, an Induced Voltage caused by a Magnetic Saturation (IVMS) based method is used. This method is switched to a back EMF based sinusoidal current method at a medium or high speed. Some control blocks are commonly used for both methods. Therefore, the methods can be switched smoothly and rapidly. The basic idea and the experimental results are described.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115995814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-17DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844969
A. Boehm, I. Hahn
A prerequisite for self-sensing field oriented control of PMSM for standstill operation is a sufficient saliency ratio (magnetic anisotropy) of the differential inductances over the desired operating area. High frequency injection methods are very common in order to perform saliency tracking based self-sensing operation. Vanishing saliency for certain operating points or a change of the sign of the inductance difference, which needs to be known for the self-sensing algorithm, causes loss of stability of the self-sensing control method. This paper uses a simple, parameterized Finite-Element model in order to simulate the influence of geometric parameters and cutting edge deterioration. The simulations have shown that the cutting edge deterioration has only a slight influence on the saliency ratio of the differential inductances, although worst case conditions are assumed for the deterioration. This result is verified on a FE-model of a real PMSM. The most significant influence on the saliency ratio derives from the size of the tooth tip. For low ratios between stator yoke height and tooth width the area with vanishing magnetic anisotropy is increased. The area of magnetic anisotropy is increased with the width of the magnets, however the value of the anisotropy is decreased for large magnet widths.
{"title":"Influence of geometric parameters and cutting edge deterioration on the differential inductances","authors":"A. Boehm, I. Hahn","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844969","url":null,"abstract":"A prerequisite for self-sensing field oriented control of PMSM for standstill operation is a sufficient saliency ratio (magnetic anisotropy) of the differential inductances over the desired operating area. High frequency injection methods are very common in order to perform saliency tracking based self-sensing operation. Vanishing saliency for certain operating points or a change of the sign of the inductance difference, which needs to be known for the self-sensing algorithm, causes loss of stability of the self-sensing control method. This paper uses a simple, parameterized Finite-Element model in order to simulate the influence of geometric parameters and cutting edge deterioration. The simulations have shown that the cutting edge deterioration has only a slight influence on the saliency ratio of the differential inductances, although worst case conditions are assumed for the deterioration. This result is verified on a FE-model of a real PMSM. The most significant influence on the saliency ratio derives from the size of the tooth tip. For low ratios between stator yoke height and tooth width the area with vanishing magnetic anisotropy is increased. The area of magnetic anisotropy is increased with the width of the magnets, however the value of the anisotropy is decreased for large magnet widths.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129403872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-17DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844971
J. Graus, I. Hahn
Sensorless position estimation based on signal-injection methods always requires a resistance- or inductance-based anisotropy. Therefore, a short-circuited electrical winding can be attached on the rotor. This paper proposes a simplified machine model by which the influence of one or more short-circuited rotor windings can be calculated and optimized with little effort. Simulations for the optimized rotor winding configurations are presented and compared to measurement results from an experimental machine.
{"title":"Modelling and optimization of a short-circuited rotor winding of a PMSM for saliency tracking","authors":"J. Graus, I. Hahn","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844971","url":null,"abstract":"Sensorless position estimation based on signal-injection methods always requires a resistance- or inductance-based anisotropy. Therefore, a short-circuited electrical winding can be attached on the rotor. This paper proposes a simplified machine model by which the influence of one or more short-circuited rotor windings can be calculated and optimized with little effort. Simulations for the optimized rotor winding configurations are presented and compared to measurement results from an experimental machine.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114147971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-17DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844968
A. Darba, Pieter D'haese, F. De Belie, J. Melkebeek
This paper presents a load torque estimation method for self-sensing brushless DC drives. Torque ripples in brushless DC machines can be reduced using load torque information. This method uses the terminal voltage, the virtual neutral point voltage and the DC-bus current of the machine. The algorithm uses the variation of successive back-emf samples to estimate the rotor speed. The rotor position is estimated by defining an intermediate function of estimated speed and back-emf samples. An estimate of acceleration is used to estimate load torque. The mathematical background is given and discussed and the simulation results prove the performance of the proposed method.
{"title":"Rotor speed, position and load torque estimation using back-emf sampling for self-sensing brushless DC machine drives","authors":"A. Darba, Pieter D'haese, F. De Belie, J. Melkebeek","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844968","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a load torque estimation method for self-sensing brushless DC drives. Torque ripples in brushless DC machines can be reduced using load torque information. This method uses the terminal voltage, the virtual neutral point voltage and the DC-bus current of the machine. The algorithm uses the variation of successive back-emf samples to estimate the rotor speed. The rotor position is estimated by defining an intermediate function of estimated speed and back-emf samples. An estimate of acceleration is used to estimate load torque. The mathematical background is given and discussed and the simulation results prove the performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125683166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-17DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844970
Genta Sugimori, Y. Inoue, S. Morimoto, M. Sanada
This paper proposes speed ripple reduction for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) controlling phase difference between the armature voltage and current. The IPMSMs are controlled with a rotor position sensor or by a sensorless control method. Voltage-current phase difference control is one of the sensorless drives with low cost and simple structure. However, if the load varies depending on the rotor position the speed ripple occurs by torque fluctuation. This is because the voltage-current phase difference control is based on the V/f control and it uses neither position sensor nor speed estimation. In this paper, the amplitude of armature voltage is changed according to the load torque variation. Both simulation and experimental results show effectiveness of the proposed system.
{"title":"Speed ripple reduction for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor based on sensorless voltage-current phase difference control","authors":"Genta Sugimori, Y. Inoue, S. Morimoto, M. Sanada","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844970","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes speed ripple reduction for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) controlling phase difference between the armature voltage and current. The IPMSMs are controlled with a rotor position sensor or by a sensorless control method. Voltage-current phase difference control is one of the sensorless drives with low cost and simple structure. However, if the load varies depending on the rotor position the speed ripple occurs by torque fluctuation. This is because the voltage-current phase difference control is based on the V/f control and it uses neither position sensor nor speed estimation. In this paper, the amplitude of armature voltage is changed according to the load torque variation. Both simulation and experimental results show effectiveness of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122346644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-17DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844973
K. Kondo
Rotational sensorless control methods which are particular to the railway vehicle applications are presented in this paper. An induction motor speed sensorless control method for railway vehicle traction is introduced, including the re-powering control method. Especially, a mechanical simulator method which is utilized for stating induction motors at zero speed condition are presented. A permanent magnet permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) rotor angle sensorless control method with the induced voltage are also introduced, including harmonics current injection method for starting at zero speed condition. A modified inverter short circuit method for re-powering control method of PMSMs is presented in this paper.
{"title":"PMSM and IM rotational sensorless technologies specialized for railway vehicles traction","authors":"K. Kondo","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844973","url":null,"abstract":"Rotational sensorless control methods which are particular to the railway vehicle applications are presented in this paper. An induction motor speed sensorless control method for railway vehicle traction is introduced, including the re-powering control method. Especially, a mechanical simulator method which is utilized for stating induction motors at zero speed condition are presented. A permanent magnet permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) rotor angle sensorless control method with the induced voltage are also introduced, including harmonics current injection method for starting at zero speed condition. A modified inverter short circuit method for re-powering control method of PMSMs is presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127472384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-17DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844963
Shintaro Tanpo, Ryota Takahashi, K. Ohishi, Shingo Makishima, Keiichi Uezono
When position-speed sensorless control is used, the estimation error of the position often becomes large because of inductance value fluctuation due to the current. Therefore, this paper proposes a online parameter identification method to identify the static inductance and the dynamic inductance and magnet flux by using fixed trace algorithm. In the proposed method, the harmonic is superimposed into the motor voltage reference or motor current reference. As the result, the estimation error of the position is reduced by the proposed method because the identified inductance is reflected in the position-speed sensorless control. The validity of proposed method is confirmed by the numerical simulation results and the experiment results in this paper.
{"title":"Online identification method of static & dynamic inductance of IPMSM for fine position sensorless control","authors":"Shintaro Tanpo, Ryota Takahashi, K. Ohishi, Shingo Makishima, Keiichi Uezono","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844963","url":null,"abstract":"When position-speed sensorless control is used, the estimation error of the position often becomes large because of inductance value fluctuation due to the current. Therefore, this paper proposes a online parameter identification method to identify the static inductance and the dynamic inductance and magnet flux by using fixed trace algorithm. In the proposed method, the harmonic is superimposed into the motor voltage reference or motor current reference. As the result, the estimation error of the position is reduced by the proposed method because the identified inductance is reflected in the position-speed sensorless control. The validity of proposed method is confirmed by the numerical simulation results and the experiment results in this paper.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129435194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-17DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844966
Shogo Konaka, Y. Inoue, S. Morimoto, M. Sanada
This paper discusses effects of short control period on control characteristics in an ultra-high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system based on direct torque control (DTC). High-performance control in ultra-high-speed region requires fast response time of control system and also short computation time. The DTC-based drive system has several advantages, including simple structure and sensorless drive, which are important for ultra-high-speed drives. In addition, short control period is achieved by using high-speed logic circuit. In this study, the DTC is implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Simulation and experiment are performed to discuss the effects of short control period in the steady-state. In particular, this paper shows control characteristics such as torque ripple and harmonics of the phase current under various control periods.
{"title":"Comparative study of control characteristics in ultra-high-speed PMSM drives","authors":"Shogo Konaka, Y. Inoue, S. Morimoto, M. Sanada","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844966","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses effects of short control period on control characteristics in an ultra-high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system based on direct torque control (DTC). High-performance control in ultra-high-speed region requires fast response time of control system and also short computation time. The DTC-based drive system has several advantages, including simple structure and sensorless drive, which are important for ultra-high-speed drives. In addition, short control period is achieved by using high-speed logic circuit. In this study, the DTC is implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Simulation and experiment are performed to discuss the effects of short control period in the steady-state. In particular, this paper shows control characteristics such as torque ripple and harmonics of the phase current under various control periods.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129458607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-17DOI: 10.1109/SLED.2014.6844967
Alexander Rambetius, Sven Luthardt, B. Piepenbreier
The conventional approach to control synchronous machines without a motion sensor in medium and high speed range is model-based and evaluates the electromotive force (EMF). In this case the information about the rotor position is included in the fundamental wave of the EMF and therefore the presence of harmonics will distort the estimation result. In order to compensate for harmonics information about their frequency is a prerequisite. In the case of wound rotor synchronous machines it is possible to obtain an accurate estimate of the speed by tracking the effect of the stator slots in the rotor current. For the rotor winding the stator slots represent a position dependent reluctance variation and therefore the rotor current will contain a harmonic component which is related to the rotor speed. The frequency of this harmonic component is tracked using an adaptive tracking filter and is then used to compensate for harmonics in the stator currents. The compensation is done by using adaptive resonant controllers. The suggested approach is verified experimentally by a highly utilized machine which is designed for automotive traction applications and features an extra-low voltage DC-link.
{"title":"Speed estimation and compensation for harmonics in sensorless wound rotor synchronous machines","authors":"Alexander Rambetius, Sven Luthardt, B. Piepenbreier","doi":"10.1109/SLED.2014.6844967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SLED.2014.6844967","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional approach to control synchronous machines without a motion sensor in medium and high speed range is model-based and evaluates the electromotive force (EMF). In this case the information about the rotor position is included in the fundamental wave of the EMF and therefore the presence of harmonics will distort the estimation result. In order to compensate for harmonics information about their frequency is a prerequisite. In the case of wound rotor synchronous machines it is possible to obtain an accurate estimate of the speed by tracking the effect of the stator slots in the rotor current. For the rotor winding the stator slots represent a position dependent reluctance variation and therefore the rotor current will contain a harmonic component which is related to the rotor speed. The frequency of this harmonic component is tracked using an adaptive tracking filter and is then used to compensate for harmonics in the stator currents. The compensation is done by using adaptive resonant controllers. The suggested approach is verified experimentally by a highly utilized machine which is designed for automotive traction applications and features an extra-low voltage DC-link.","PeriodicalId":143142,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133519405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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