Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864373
Jiyoung Kim, Jihyeon Yeom, Heather A. Calcaterra, Gongpu Zhao, Peijun Zhang, Jiyoun Munn, N. Kotov
Matured syntheses of inorganic nanocolloids today have allowed production of diverse asymmertic nanoparticles (NP) and even more complex assemblies, introducing a variety of nanomaterials with unique properties. Chirality is one of most intriguing symmetry groups in field of material science due to the optical rotatory power of chiral substances. Strong optical activity of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) afford photosynthetic routes to chiral superstructures using circularly polarized photons (1). Although plasmonic NPs are promising candidates for such synthetic routes due to the strong rotatory power of highly delocalized plasmonic states (2), realization of light- driven synthesis of chiral nanostructures has been more challenging for plasmonic NPs than for the semiconductor due to the short lifetime of the plasmonic states. The process also can be difficult to recognize, and therefore requires unconventional approaches for the quantification of chiral products. Here, we demonstrate that illumination of Au precursors in the presence of citric acid with right- (left-) handed circularly polarized light (CPL) induces the formation of chiral Au nanostructures. Despite seemingly irregular shape of the particles, the resulted colloids showed distinctive mirror-imaged opposite circular dichroism (CD) bands according to the handedness of illuminated CPL. Circular dichroic response and geometric chirality from these seemingly achiral structures were successfully demonstrated and quantified by implementing three-dimensional (3D) electron tomography (e-tomo) into computational model. The mechanism of the light-driven assembly of chiral nanostructures is based on the asymmetric displacement of NPs in dynamic assemblies by plasmonic fields fol-lowed by particle-to-particle attachment. The ability of Au nanostructures to retain the polarization information of incident photons can be applicable to light absorbing materials, thus to create a variety of chiral nanomaterials. Similar examination of seemingly irregular NP through suggested chirality measure can also elucidate previously puzzling optical response from unclear geometric asymmetry of nanomaterials.
{"title":"Light-Induced Assembly and Reconfiguration of Chiral Nanostructures","authors":"Jiyoung Kim, Jihyeon Yeom, Heather A. Calcaterra, Gongpu Zhao, Peijun Zhang, Jiyoun Munn, N. Kotov","doi":"10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864373","url":null,"abstract":"Matured syntheses of inorganic nanocolloids today have allowed production of diverse asymmertic nanoparticles (NP) and even more complex assemblies, introducing a variety of nanomaterials with unique properties. Chirality is one of most intriguing symmetry groups in field of material science due to the optical rotatory power of chiral substances. Strong optical activity of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) afford photosynthetic routes to chiral superstructures using circularly polarized photons (1). Although plasmonic NPs are promising candidates for such synthetic routes due to the strong rotatory power of highly delocalized plasmonic states (2), realization of light- driven synthesis of chiral nanostructures has been more challenging for plasmonic NPs than for the semiconductor due to the short lifetime of the plasmonic states. The process also can be difficult to recognize, and therefore requires unconventional approaches for the quantification of chiral products. Here, we demonstrate that illumination of Au precursors in the presence of citric acid with right- (left-) handed circularly polarized light (CPL) induces the formation of chiral Au nanostructures. Despite seemingly irregular shape of the particles, the resulted colloids showed distinctive mirror-imaged opposite circular dichroism (CD) bands according to the handedness of illuminated CPL. Circular dichroic response and geometric chirality from these seemingly achiral structures were successfully demonstrated and quantified by implementing three-dimensional (3D) electron tomography (e-tomo) into computational model. The mechanism of the light-driven assembly of chiral nanostructures is based on the asymmetric displacement of NPs in dynamic assemblies by plasmonic fields fol-lowed by particle-to-particle attachment. The ability of Au nanostructures to retain the polarization information of incident photons can be applicable to light absorbing materials, thus to create a variety of chiral nanomaterials. Similar examination of seemingly irregular NP through suggested chirality measure can also elucidate previously puzzling optical response from unclear geometric asymmetry of nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129706219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864424
A. Urbas
Metasurfaces have seen dramatic progress in broad band and large area systems recently and advances toward real applications are accelerating. While linear properties of metasurfaces are increasingly entering the engineering space, applications of nonlinear metasurface properties are emerging. Detecting optical signals in the mid and long wave infrared, and the generation, detection and conversion of single photons for quantum information applications are significant to a range of Air Force technologies and drive the research to increase performance and functionality. We explore how nonlinear properties of metasurfaces can be engineered for quantum information applications. We show that nonlinear multipolar interference allows both a non-reciprocal and unidirectional nonlinear generation from nanoelements, with the direction of nonlinear generation preserved with respect to a fixed laboratory coordinate system when reversing the direction of the fundamental field. This arises due to the existence of common (electric or magnetic) pathways inducing the electric and magnetic Mie resonances via a nonlinear interaction, such that switching the phase of one (electric or magnetic) of the vectors of the fundamental field can change simultaneously the phase of all (electric and magnetic) nonlinearly generated multipoles. These effects arise due to the nonlinear response of the component materials and we are actively pursuing novel materials systems and growth procedures to produce structures with controlled response. In order to develop such systems, precise control of structural dimensions at nanometric length scales is needed as well as plasmonic materials which are more resilient to nonlinear excitation intensities. A focus of our work is to explore novel materials systems that combine the functionality needed for nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces and dynamic optical systems. This system is a useful example of where the engineering of materials response through structure to achieve desired optical properties can enable new potential technologies.
{"title":"Nonlinear Metasurfaces for Optical Applications","authors":"A. Urbas","doi":"10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864424","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces have seen dramatic progress in broad band and large area systems recently and advances toward real applications are accelerating. While linear properties of metasurfaces are increasingly entering the engineering space, applications of nonlinear metasurface properties are emerging. Detecting optical signals in the mid and long wave infrared, and the generation, detection and conversion of single photons for quantum information applications are significant to a range of Air Force technologies and drive the research to increase performance and functionality. We explore how nonlinear properties of metasurfaces can be engineered for quantum information applications. We show that nonlinear multipolar interference allows both a non-reciprocal and unidirectional nonlinear generation from nanoelements, with the direction of nonlinear generation preserved with respect to a fixed laboratory coordinate system when reversing the direction of the fundamental field. This arises due to the existence of common (electric or magnetic) pathways inducing the electric and magnetic Mie resonances via a nonlinear interaction, such that switching the phase of one (electric or magnetic) of the vectors of the fundamental field can change simultaneously the phase of all (electric and magnetic) nonlinearly generated multipoles. These effects arise due to the nonlinear response of the component materials and we are actively pursuing novel materials systems and growth procedures to produce structures with controlled response. In order to develop such systems, precise control of structural dimensions at nanometric length scales is needed as well as plasmonic materials which are more resilient to nonlinear excitation intensities. A focus of our work is to explore novel materials systems that combine the functionality needed for nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces and dynamic optical systems. This system is a useful example of where the engineering of materials response through structure to achieve desired optical properties can enable new potential technologies.","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130188560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864429
R. Lemasters, H. Harutyunyan
Photoluminescence measurements from spatially confined resonant gap-mode plasmons in a metal-dielectric-metal geometry is performed. The PL signal is nonlinear and broadband in character, and the nonlinear power dependence is seen to deviate from spatially random systems such as rough metal films.
{"title":"Effects of Spatial Confinement on Nonlinear Light Emission from Plasmonic Nanostructures","authors":"R. Lemasters, H. Harutyunyan","doi":"10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864429","url":null,"abstract":"Photoluminescence measurements from spatially confined resonant gap-mode plasmons in a metal-dielectric-metal geometry is performed. The PL signal is nonlinear and broadband in character, and the nonlinear power dependence is seen to deviate from spatially random systems such as rough metal films.","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125374418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864260
Laura E. Bagge, D. Goldstein, Nicholas I. Rummelt, M. Wehling
Certain insect body and wing surfaces interact with light in unique ways to reflect circularly polarized light or to produce colorful interference patterns. Our study characterizes these optical signatures with the goal of testing whether insects can perceive these optical signatures (i.e. have matched filters).
{"title":"Circularly Polarized Light Reflectance of and Wing Interference Patterns from Insects","authors":"Laura E. Bagge, D. Goldstein, Nicholas I. Rummelt, M. Wehling","doi":"10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864260","url":null,"abstract":"Certain insect body and wing surfaces interact with light in unique ways to reflect circularly polarized light or to produce colorful interference patterns. Our study characterizes these optical signatures with the goal of testing whether insects can perceive these optical signatures (i.e. have matched filters).","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124265548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/rapid.2019.8864407
A. Flores, B. Anderson, N. Naderi, R. Holten, T. Ehrenreich, K. Rowland, I. Dajani
We present an overview of fiber amplifier power-scaling and beam-combining at AFRL. Nonlinear mitigation and power-scaling results of kW amplifiers is discussed. Here nonlinear suppression is attained through phase modulation and laser gain competition. Subsequently, five kW amplifiers were coherently combined into one 5kW beam.
{"title":"High Power All-Fiber Amplifiers at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)","authors":"A. Flores, B. Anderson, N. Naderi, R. Holten, T. Ehrenreich, K. Rowland, I. Dajani","doi":"10.1109/rapid.2019.8864407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rapid.2019.8864407","url":null,"abstract":"We present an overview of fiber amplifier power-scaling and beam-combining at AFRL. Nonlinear mitigation and power-scaling results of kW amplifiers is discussed. Here nonlinear suppression is attained through phase modulation and laser gain competition. Subsequently, five kW amplifiers were coherently combined into one 5kW beam.","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123315682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864270
O. Jurchescu
Organic semiconductors have sparked interest given their ease of processing, chemical diversity and tunable optoelectronic properties, which make them viable candidates for incorporation in low-cost, large-area flexible electronics. Nevertheless, transition to market place was not possible because the performance of organic devices has not reached the necessary benchmarks. Inefficient injection of charges from device electrodes into the semiconductor layer represents a significant hurdle in the pursuit of the promised potential of organic semiconductors. In this presentation I will discuss the origin and characterization of contact resistance in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and the impact on device performance and accuracy in extraction of charge carrier mobility. I will then present a strategy for reducing contact resistance in small molecule and polymeric OFETs, which consists of developing high work function domains at the surface of the injecting electrodes to promote channels of enhanced injection.1 By using this methodology, we demonstrated high-mobility transistors with near ideal current-voltage characteristics, contact resistances of 200 Ωcm, and device charge carrier mobilities of 20 cm2/Vs, independent of the applied gate voltage. I will further discuss fabrication of all-printed OFETs on conventional paper. For such devices, contacts were deposited using aerosol spray and patterned with a digitally printed mask from an office laser printer, at ambient temperature and pressure, while the organic semiconductor was deposited using an office laser printer.2 The method was successfully adopted for manufacturing different types of OFETs that showed an excellent tolerance to extreme bending, confirming its potential for emerging printed electronics applications.
{"title":"Charge Injection in Organic Transistors and its Impact on the Validity of the Extracted Device Parameters","authors":"O. Jurchescu","doi":"10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864270","url":null,"abstract":"Organic semiconductors have sparked interest given their ease of processing, chemical diversity and tunable optoelectronic properties, which make them viable candidates for incorporation in low-cost, large-area flexible electronics. Nevertheless, transition to market place was not possible because the performance of organic devices has not reached the necessary benchmarks. Inefficient injection of charges from device electrodes into the semiconductor layer represents a significant hurdle in the pursuit of the promised potential of organic semiconductors. In this presentation I will discuss the origin and characterization of contact resistance in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and the impact on device performance and accuracy in extraction of charge carrier mobility. I will then present a strategy for reducing contact resistance in small molecule and polymeric OFETs, which consists of developing high work function domains at the surface of the injecting electrodes to promote channels of enhanced injection.1 By using this methodology, we demonstrated high-mobility transistors with near ideal current-voltage characteristics, contact resistances of 200 Ωcm, and device charge carrier mobilities of 20 cm2/Vs, independent of the applied gate voltage. I will further discuss fabrication of all-printed OFETs on conventional paper. For such devices, contacts were deposited using aerosol spray and patterned with a digitally printed mask from an office laser printer, at ambient temperature and pressure, while the organic semiconductor was deposited using an office laser printer.2 The method was successfully adopted for manufacturing different types of OFETs that showed an excellent tolerance to extreme bending, confirming its potential for emerging printed electronics applications.","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132627530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864278
S. Ura, J. Inoue, K. Kintaka
Integration of a waveguide resonator can reduce an aperture of a grating coupler to enable its utilization in a channel waveguide. Resultantly obtained coupling characteristics such as selectivity or controllability are attractive for various applications including a compact WDM light source and micro-optic beam steering.
{"title":"Cavity-Resonator-Integrated Grating Couplers","authors":"S. Ura, J. Inoue, K. Kintaka","doi":"10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864278","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of a waveguide resonator can reduce an aperture of a grating coupler to enable its utilization in a channel waveguide. Resultantly obtained coupling characteristics such as selectivity or controllability are attractive for various applications including a compact WDM light source and micro-optic beam steering.","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133045763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864344
G. Ejzak, Miguel Hernandez, A. Landwehr, F. Kiamilev
We propose and show preliminary test results on a system to improve dynamic range and signal to noise ratio (SNR) in an infrared (IR) light-emitting diode (LED) display system by splitting the digital-to-analog conversion between the close-support electronics (CSE) and the read-in integrated-circuit (RIIC).
{"title":"“Hybrid DAC” Approach to Increasing Dynamic Range and Signal to Noise in IRSP Systems","authors":"G. Ejzak, Miguel Hernandez, A. Landwehr, F. Kiamilev","doi":"10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864344","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and show preliminary test results on a system to improve dynamic range and signal to noise ratio (SNR) in an infrared (IR) light-emitting diode (LED) display system by splitting the digital-to-analog conversion between the close-support electronics (CSE) and the read-in integrated-circuit (RIIC).","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128052376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864395
M. Sfeir, Abagail K. Williams, Dana B. Sulas, N. Eedugurala, J. Azoulay
A nascent challenge for organic semiconductors is their application in infrared optoelectronics. However, infrared absorption is linked to the formation of strong electronic correlations and open-shell character. We use ultrafast spectroscopy to identify and explain the unusual photophysics of these materials.
{"title":"Unique Photophysical Properties of Infrared Absorbing Polymers","authors":"M. Sfeir, Abagail K. Williams, Dana B. Sulas, N. Eedugurala, J. Azoulay","doi":"10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864395","url":null,"abstract":"A nascent challenge for organic semiconductors is their application in infrared optoelectronics. However, infrared absorption is linked to the formation of strong electronic correlations and open-shell character. We use ultrafast spectroscopy to identify and explain the unusual photophysics of these materials.","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129258796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864317
Cody Walnoha, M. Brothers, Taneha Littlejohn, A. Islam, B. Maruyama, Jennifer A. Martin, Claude C. Grigsby, R. Naik, Steve S. Kim
Inhalation of IPA impairs cognition and depresses the nervous system. Current gas-phase sensors are unable to selectively detect isopropyl alcohol from other volatile organic compounds. We present the development of bioinspired sensors using nanomaterials to provide real-time monitoring and differentiate IPA from background compounds.
{"title":"Bioinspired/Chemically Enhanced Biosensor for Detection of Gaseous Isopropyl Alcohol","authors":"Cody Walnoha, M. Brothers, Taneha Littlejohn, A. Islam, B. Maruyama, Jennifer A. Martin, Claude C. Grigsby, R. Naik, Steve S. Kim","doi":"10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID.2019.8864317","url":null,"abstract":"Inhalation of IPA impairs cognition and depresses the nervous system. Current gas-phase sensors are unable to selectively detect isopropyl alcohol from other volatile organic compounds. We present the development of bioinspired sensors using nanomaterials to provide real-time monitoring and differentiate IPA from background compounds.","PeriodicalId":143675,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125740342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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