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Youtube traffic content analysis in the perspective of clip category and duration 基于片段类别和时长的Youtube流量内容分析
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724518
Jie Li, A. Aurelius, Manxing Du, Hantao Wang, Å. Arvidsson, M. Kihl
In this work, we study YouTube traffic characteristics in a medium-sized Swedish residential municipal network that has - 2600 mainly FTTH broadband-connected households. YouTube traffic analyses were carried out in the perspective of video clip category and duration, in order to understand their impact on the potential local network caching gains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time systematic analysis of YouTube traffic content in the perspective of video clip category and duration in a residential broadband network. Our results show that the requested YouTube video clips from the end users in the studied network were imbalanced in regarding the video categories and durations. The dominating video category was Music, both in terms of the total traffic share as well as the contribution to the overall potential local network caching gain. In addition, most of the requested video clips were between 2-5 min in duration, despite video clips with durations over 15 min were also popular among certain video categories, e.g. film videos.
在这项工作中,我们在一个中型瑞典住宅市政网络中研究了YouTube的流量特征,该网络有2,600个主要是FTTH宽带连接的家庭。从视频剪辑类别和持续时间的角度对YouTube流量进行了分析,以了解它们对潜在本地网络缓存收益的影响。据我们所知,这是第一次从视频片段类别和时长的角度在住宅宽带网络中对YouTube流量内容进行系统分析。我们的研究结果表明,在研究的网络中,最终用户请求的YouTube视频剪辑在视频类别和持续时间方面是不平衡的。在总流量份额和对整体潜在本地网络缓存收益的贡献方面,占主导地位的视频类别是音乐。此外,大多数要求的视频片段的长度在2-5分钟之间,尽管长度超过15分钟的视频片段在某些视频类别中也很受欢迎,例如电影视频。
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引用次数: 8
Solving virtual network resource allocation problems using a constraint satisfaction problem model 用约束满足问题模型求解虚拟网络资源分配问题
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724513
F. Guenane, Pierre-Yves Dumas, M. N. Lima, G. Pujolle
We define virtualization as a set of techniques to run multiple operating systems on the same physical machine (physical node) sharing its resources. These technologies have a huge success because they improve safety, reliability and flexibility. Several studies in the field have been made by different teams, but the allocation of physical resources remains an open problem in the field of network virtualization. We identified this problem as a graph matching problem. We express and solve it like a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). Our CSP model includes Qos requirements and energy saving. To our knowledge, no previous work used CSP approach and combined Qos and Green aspects to allocate resources.
我们将虚拟化定义为在共享资源的同一物理机器(物理节点)上运行多个操作系统的一组技术。这些技术取得了巨大的成功,因为它们提高了安全性、可靠性和灵活性。不同的团队已经在该领域进行了一些研究,但物理资源的分配仍然是网络虚拟化领域的一个开放问题。我们认为这个问题是一个图匹配问题。我们将其表述为约束满足问题(CSP)并加以求解。我们的CSP模型包括Qos要求和节能。据我们所知,以前没有工作使用CSP方法并结合Qos和Green方面来分配资源。
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引用次数: 1
A contention/collision resolution scheme for large-scale sensor networks based on IEEE 802.15.4 基于IEEE 802.15.4的大规模传感器网络争用/冲突解决方案
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724529
Hyo-Ryun Lee, Kyoung-Hak Jung, Young-Joo Suh
IEEE 802.15.4 has prominent advantages that are the low cost and low energy consumption. It is suitable to several energy critical applications suffered from limited resources. For this reason, many studies proposed energy-efficient solutions, however, they may waste energy caused by the frequent packet collisions since they do not consider the contentions in multi-coordinator environments. In response, we proposed a new contention resolution scheme to enhance the energy efficiency by reducing the contention among nearby coordinators. In the proposed scheme, the coordinators exchange schedules based on the collected information. It leads that the coordinators isolate the superframe duration by staggering own beacon transmission. This can mitigate significant contentions among burst packets at the beginning of the superframe to reduce energy consumption. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing solutions.
IEEE 802.15.4具有低成本、低能耗的突出优点。它适用于一些资源有限的能源关键应用。为此,许多研究提出了节能的解决方案,但由于没有考虑多协调器环境下的争用问题,可能会造成频繁的包冲突而浪费能源。为此,我们提出了一种新的争用解决方案,通过减少附近协调器之间的争用来提高能源效率。在提议的方案中,协调者根据收集到的信息交换时间表。它导致协调器通过错开自己的信标传输来隔离超帧持续时间。这可以减轻在超帧开始时突发数据包之间的显著争用,以减少能量消耗。仿真结果表明,该方案优于现有方案。
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引用次数: 0
HLA — A hierarchical layer application for OpenFlow management abstraction OpenFlow管理抽象的分层层应用程序
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724521
Marc Körner, H. Almus
This paper introduces a new approach for a hierarchical OpenFlow management layer. This concept proposes a controller application which hides the complexity of the underlying network for the next higher management instance in order to reduce the management overhead and present a domain specific encapsulated control level. It is focused on real world network infrastructures and takes the design of today multiple-layer-network-providers into account. Moreover, this approach covers the management in typical multi-tenant network provider environment and unifies the control concept by using an open software defined networking control standard as communication protocol.
本文介绍了一种分层OpenFlow管理层的新方法。该概念提出了一种控制器应用程序,该应用程序为下一个更高的管理实例隐藏底层网络的复杂性,以减少管理开销并提供特定于域的封装控制级别。它专注于现实世界的网络基础设施,并考虑了当今多层网络提供商的设计。此外,该方法涵盖了典型的多租户网络提供商环境中的管理,并通过使用开放的软件定义的网络控制标准作为通信协议来统一控制概念。
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引用次数: 6
QoS-based network virtualization to future networks: An approach based on network constraints 面向未来网络的基于qos的网络虚拟化:基于网络约束的方法
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724515
Ines Ayadi, G. Diaz, N. Simoni
Network virtualization is recently becoming increasingly relevant for designing future networks. It enables network providers to select appropriate network services according to application needs. In addition, virtualization technologies are used by the SDN (Software Defined Networking) paradigm to decouple control plane from forwarding plane. The convergence of SDN and network virtualization allows to conceive on-demand virtual network by personalizing its services and even its control plane. In this context, a key challenge faced by network providers is how to place virtual network components while ensuring QoS requirements of application flows. To surpass this issue, we propose in this paper a constraint placement language used when mapping virtual network components (node and links) over the substrate infrastructure. Particularly, we define network constraints including QoS, isolation, security, affinity, anti-affinity, etc. in the node-level and link-level.
最近,网络虚拟化与未来网络的设计越来越相关。它使网络提供商能够根据应用程序的需要选择合适的网络服务。此外,SDN(软件定义网络)范式还使用虚拟化技术将控制平面与转发平面解耦。SDN和网络虚拟化的融合可以通过个性化服务甚至控制平面来构想按需虚拟网络。在这种情况下,网络提供者面临的一个关键挑战是如何在确保应用程序流的QoS要求的同时放置虚拟网络组件。为了解决这个问题,我们在本文中提出了一种约束放置语言,用于在底层基础设施上映射虚拟网络组件(节点和链路)。特别是,我们在节点级和链路级定义了网络约束,包括QoS、隔离、安全性、亲和性、反亲和性等。
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引用次数: 9
Architecture for resource controllable NVE to meet service providers' dynamic QoS demands 满足服务提供商动态QoS需求的资源可控NVE体系结构
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724517
M. Shimamura, Hiroaki Yamanaka, Yoshiyuki Uratani, Akira Nagata, S. Ishii, K. Iida, Eiji Kawai, M. Tsuru
To accommodate a wide variety of application services, the network virtualization environment (NVE) has received much attention. In an NVE, infrastructure providers (InPs) provide service providers (SPs) with virtual networks (VNs) using the InPs' substrate resources for the SPs' application services. Service providers have flexible requirements of topology, quality of service (QoS), and their dynamic changes on VNs. To meet all these requirements, traditional approaches based on performance guarantee relying only on InPs are inefficient and sometimes infeasible because they result in significant operational cost. We propose an architecture in which SPs can select appropriate resources from available resources and dynamically use the allocated resources depending on their application characteristics and user situations to meet their demands. In the proposed architecture, SPs can improve VN performance through resource control, and InPs are not required to have any performance guaranteed networks. Therefore, the proposed architecture can balance QoS and resource efficiency. We also present the basic design of the proposed architecture and show use cases and a prototype implementation using OpenFlow technologies.
为了适应各种各样的应用服务,网络虚拟化环境(NVE)受到了越来越多的关注。在NVE中,inp (infrastructure provider)利用inp的基板资源向服务提供商(service provider)提供虚拟网络(virtual network),用于服务提供商(service provider)的应用服务。业务提供商在vpn上对拓扑、QoS (quality of Service)及其动态变化有着灵活的需求。为了满足所有这些需求,基于性能保证的传统方法仅依赖于inp是低效的,有时是不可行的,因为它们会导致巨大的运营成本。我们提出了一种架构,在该架构中,服务提供商可以从可用资源中选择适当的资源,并根据其应用程序特征和用户情况动态使用分配的资源来满足其需求。在该架构中,sp可以通过资源控制来提高VN的性能,而inp不需要有任何性能保证的网络。因此,所提出的体系结构可以平衡QoS和资源效率。我们还介绍了所提议的体系结构的基本设计,并展示了使用OpenFlow技术的用例和原型实现。
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引用次数: 4
Content-centric networking for telematics services 用于远程信息处理服务的以内容为中心的网络
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724530
Taeyeol Jeong, J. W. Hong
As the wireless communication and the vehicular networking technologies have rapidly developed, researches on telematics have been carried out extensively. Even though most of telematics services are delivered via cellular network between a base station and a vehicle in the current stage, the advent of DSRC/WAVE standard in vehicular communications will change the paradigm of telematics applications and create a new demand for telematics services. However, DSRC/WAVE still utilizes TCP/IP protocol which is considered inappropriate for dynamic network environment like vehicular networks. To resolve the inherent limitations of TCP/IP protocol, we propose to adopt Content-Centric Networking (CCN) for DSRC/WAVE protocol stack and suggest its system architecture, naming structure and the naming examples for telematics services. We also provide a proper data request cycle and the practicality of CCN caching mechanism based on the understanding of current telematics services.
随着无线通信和车联网技术的迅速发展,远程信息处理的研究得到了广泛的开展。尽管目前大多数远程信息处理服务都是通过基站和车辆之间的蜂窝网络提供的,但车载通信中DSRC/WAVE标准的出现将改变远程信息处理应用的范例,并产生对远程信息处理服务的新需求。然而,DSRC/WAVE仍然使用TCP/IP协议,这被认为不适合汽车网络这样的动态网络环境。为解决TCP/IP协议固有的局限性,提出DSRC/WAVE协议栈采用内容中心网络(Content-Centric Networking, CCN),并提出其系统架构、命名结构和远程信息服务命名示例。在了解当前远程信息服务的基础上,提出了合适的数据请求周期和CCN缓存机制的实用性。
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引用次数: 1
Improving IEEE 802.11 PSM for smartphones by exploiting Hidden Tail-time 利用隐藏尾时间改进智能手机IEEE 802.11 PSM
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724528
Young Deok Park, Kyoung-Hak Jung, Young-Joo Suh
WiFi interface is a significant contributor to battery draining on mobile device such as WiFi smartphone. Since distinguishing between unwanted packet and active packet is not feasible at MAC layer, the power management mechanism is equally affected by unwanted packets (packets with unreachable destination port). In this paper, we propose a probing and discarding scheme. It forces unwanted packet to be delivered through the “Hidden Tail-time” that is an additional awake time immediately before smartphone switches from awake-state to sleep-state. Thus, unwanted packets never affect the PSM mechanism. Our proposed scheme improves power saving by up to 67% under mixed setting of unwanted packet and active packet.
WiFi接口是WiFi智能手机等移动设备耗电的重要因素。由于在MAC层无法区分无用报文和活动报文,因此电源管理机制同样受到无用报文(目的端口不可达的报文)的影响。本文提出了一种探测丢弃方案。它迫使不需要的数据包通过“隐藏尾巴时间”传递,这是智能手机从清醒状态切换到睡眠状态之前的额外清醒时间。因此,不需要的数据包永远不会影响PSM机制。我们提出的方案在无用数据包和活动数据包混合设置的情况下,可节省高达67%的电力。
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引用次数: 0
Multisource dissemination in content-centric networking 以内容为中心的网络中的多源传播
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724510
Waixi Liu, Shunzheng Yu, P. Zhu
As one novel network architecture for future Internet, Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is centered around content distribution and retrieval based on in-network caching. However, the potential advantage of in-network caching does not be fully unleashed in the original sketch of CCN. Network coding improves performance by introducing computing into current Internet. This paper proposes CCN-NC (Content-Centric Networking with Built-in Network Coding). In this architecture, in-network caching is collaborating with network coding to achieve multisource dissemination at network level. Firstly, this paper addresses some key challenges of CCN-NC's design, such as format of data message, naming, forwarding strategy and communication scheme. Then, we validate the architecture in the final part of the paper. The experiment results show that CCN-NC improves throughput by 35.5% compared to the current TCP/IP and by 17.4% compared to original CCN. The robustness of network also is increased.
内容中心网络(content - centric Networking, CCN)是面向未来Internet的一种新型网络体系结构,其核心是基于网络内缓存的内容分发和检索。然而,网络内缓存的潜在优势并没有在CCN的原始草图中完全释放出来。网络编码通过将计算引入当前的互联网来提高性能。本文提出了CCN-NC (Content-Centric Networking with Built-in Network Coding)。在该体系结构中,网络内缓存与网络编码协同实现网络级的多源分发。本文首先讨论了CCN-NC系统设计中的一些关键问题,如数据报文的格式、命名、转发策略和通信方案。然后,我们在论文的最后一部分验证了体系结构。实验结果表明,CCN- nc与现有TCP/IP相比,吞吐量提高了35.5%,与原始CCN相比,吞吐量提高了17.4%。增强了网络的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 7
Software cybernetics to infuse adaptation intelligence in networked systems 在网络系统中注入适应性智能的软件控制论
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NOF.2013.6724499
K. Ravindran, M. Rabby
Future network systems are expected to have various levels of adaptation capabilities: at parametric level, service-level, and application-level. These capabilities are often realized in multiple system layers, with the control logic needed for a specific capability residing in the application agents interfacing with the underlying network system services. We employ a software cybernetics approach, where an intelligent physical system module (IPW) embodies the core adaptation functionality to respond to the changing environment conditions and user inputs. The IPW exhibits an intelligent behavior over a limited operating region of the system. And, it is augmented by a supervisory module (ICW) that houses external feedback loops for situational assessment of the changing environment conditions. Our autonomic management of various hierarchical control loops comes under the ambit of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The ICW patches the IPW with suitable control parameters and rules/procedures when the system operating conditions change. The paper illuminates our concept of IPW with a software engineering-oriented case study of multi-source video transfer over a bandwidth-limited network path.
未来的网络系统预计将具有不同级别的适应能力:参数级、服务级和应用级。这些功能通常在多个系统层中实现,特定功能所需的控制逻辑驻留在与底层网络系统服务接口的应用程序代理中。我们采用软件控制论方法,其中智能物理系统模块(IPW)体现了核心适应功能,以响应不断变化的环境条件和用户输入。IPW在系统的有限工作区域内表现出智能行为。此外,它还增加了一个监控模块(ICW),该模块可容纳外部反馈回路,用于对不断变化的环境条件进行态势评估。我们对各种层次控制回路的自主管理属于信息物理系统(CPS)的范畴。当系统运行情况发生变化时,ICW用合适的控制参数和规则/程序修补IPW。本文通过一个基于软件工程的多源视频传输在带宽有限的网络路径上的案例研究阐明了IPW的概念。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
2013 Fourth International Conference on the Network of the Future (NoF)
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