Pub Date : 2021-08-29DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1970275
B. Sagar, M. Sivakumar
ABSTRACT In the construction field, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have brought about a technological revolution in the manufacturing of concrete as a partial replacement or addition to conventional binder mass. Keeping this in mind, this paper aims to summarise and discuss the reported findings on the mechanical and durability properties of alccofine-1203 based concretes. It is also aimed to give a better understanding of the behaviour and effect of alccofine-1203 as an SCM in various types of concretes. The alccofine-1203 has ultra-fine particles with a unique chemical composition that improves the hydration process and pozzolanic reaction. Therefore, its incorporation in concrete has resulted in good workability, reduction in segregation, reduction in heat of hydration, and reduction in permeability to concrete, and increased the rate of hydration process and improved the pozzolanic reaction to achieve high strength to concrete at the early curing stage. The presence of calcium (CaO) and silica (SiO2) in alccofine-1203 improved the mechanical and durability properties of concrete better than the other SCMs. From the literature review, the optimum dosage of alccofine-1203 is obtained between 8% to 12%, and at these percentages, the improvement in mechanical and durability properties of the concrete is highest.
{"title":"Use of alccofine-1203 in concrete: review on mechanical and durability properties","authors":"B. Sagar, M. Sivakumar","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1970275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1970275","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the construction field, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have brought about a technological revolution in the manufacturing of concrete as a partial replacement or addition to conventional binder mass. Keeping this in mind, this paper aims to summarise and discuss the reported findings on the mechanical and durability properties of alccofine-1203 based concretes. It is also aimed to give a better understanding of the behaviour and effect of alccofine-1203 as an SCM in various types of concretes. The alccofine-1203 has ultra-fine particles with a unique chemical composition that improves the hydration process and pozzolanic reaction. Therefore, its incorporation in concrete has resulted in good workability, reduction in segregation, reduction in heat of hydration, and reduction in permeability to concrete, and increased the rate of hydration process and improved the pozzolanic reaction to achieve high strength to concrete at the early curing stage. The presence of calcium (CaO) and silica (SiO2) in alccofine-1203 improved the mechanical and durability properties of concrete better than the other SCMs. From the literature review, the optimum dosage of alccofine-1203 is obtained between 8% to 12%, and at these percentages, the improvement in mechanical and durability properties of the concrete is highest.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"2060 - 2073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47566644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-29DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1970274
M. Rossi, C. Favi, M. Germani, Matteo Omicioli
ABSTRACT Refrigeration applications is responsible for approximately 17% of the total electricity and around 8% of greenhouse gas emissions. This study presents a comparative life cycle assessment between two refrigeration systems, the first operating with a traditional fluid and the second with a natural refrigerant. The analysis was performed in accordance with international standards ISO 14040/14044 and adopted the attributional life cycle assessment approach. The functional unit was: ‘the storage of meat products, at the temperature of 0°C for a lifetime of 10 years, in refrigerating cells of a medium city supermarket’. Three different scenarios were analysed to investigate the effect of the energy mix in relation to the use of the machines. Results highlight how the choice of the refrigerating fluid has a higher effect on the environmental performances of the machine with a reduction of approximately 10% in a whole life cycle. Scenario analysis shows how the use of such machines in different countries allows a significant reduction of environmental impacts mostly related to the use phase. Eco-design actions were listed and connected with environmental hot spots specifying the life cycle phases and the environmental indicators involved.
{"title":"Comparative life cycle assessment of refrigeration systems for food cooling: eco-design actions towards machines with natural refrigerants","authors":"M. Rossi, C. Favi, M. Germani, Matteo Omicioli","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1970274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1970274","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Refrigeration applications is responsible for approximately 17% of the total electricity and around 8% of greenhouse gas emissions. This study presents a comparative life cycle assessment between two refrigeration systems, the first operating with a traditional fluid and the second with a natural refrigerant. The analysis was performed in accordance with international standards ISO 14040/14044 and adopted the attributional life cycle assessment approach. The functional unit was: ‘the storage of meat products, at the temperature of 0°C for a lifetime of 10 years, in refrigerating cells of a medium city supermarket’. Three different scenarios were analysed to investigate the effect of the energy mix in relation to the use of the machines. Results highlight how the choice of the refrigerating fluid has a higher effect on the environmental performances of the machine with a reduction of approximately 10% in a whole life cycle. Scenario analysis shows how the use of such machines in different countries allows a significant reduction of environmental impacts mostly related to the use phase. Eco-design actions were listed and connected with environmental hot spots specifying the life cycle phases and the environmental indicators involved.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"1623 - 1646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1972181
M. A. Aboulhassan, S. Harif, S. Souabi, A. Yaacoubi
Paint, tannery and textile manufacturing wastewaters contain highly toxic and organic biorefractory compounds and have adverse effects on human health. These effluents require efficient and environ...
{"title":"Efficient and sustainable treatment of industrial wastewater using a tannin-based polymer","authors":"M. A. Aboulhassan, S. Harif, S. Souabi, A. Yaacoubi","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1972181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1972181","url":null,"abstract":"Paint, tannery and textile manufacturing wastewaters contain highly toxic and organic biorefractory compounds and have adverse effects on human health. These effluents require efficient and environ...","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48355337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1970276
T. Ayodele, A. A. Yusuff, T. Mosetlhe, M. Ntombela
ABSTRACT This paper presents prospective of using solar energy resources to produce hydrogen for feeding hydrogen vehicles at a refuelling station in South Africa. Solar energy sources from Vredendal, located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, were used for the study. Assessment was performed for a refuelling station having capacity to meet the hydrogen needs of 25, 50 and 100 number of vehicles per day. The results showed that the annual daily average solar irradiation on the horizontal surfaces and optimally tilted surfaces were 5.77 kWh/m2 and 5.933 kWh/m2, respectively. The solar power required to meet the hydrogen production demand for each of the three refuelling number of vehicles were determined to be 2.24, 4.24 and 8.95 MW, respectively. The cost of energy from the solar PV system as well as the cost of hydrogen production at the refuelling station for each of the three hydrogen vehicle capacities was calculated as (0.24, 0.239 and 0.237) $/kWh and (16.52, 15.95 and 15.67) $/kg, respectively. The PV system would displace 387, 774 and 1548 tons of coal per annum for each of the capacity, respectively. This will result in the avoidance of 780, 1560 and 3120 tons/yr of CO2, respectively.
{"title":"Hydrogen production using solar energy resources for the South African transport sector","authors":"T. Ayodele, A. A. Yusuff, T. Mosetlhe, M. Ntombela","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1970276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1970276","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents prospective of using solar energy resources to produce hydrogen for feeding hydrogen vehicles at a refuelling station in South Africa. Solar energy sources from Vredendal, located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, were used for the study. Assessment was performed for a refuelling station having capacity to meet the hydrogen needs of 25, 50 and 100 number of vehicles per day. The results showed that the annual daily average solar irradiation on the horizontal surfaces and optimally tilted surfaces were 5.77 kWh/m2 and 5.933 kWh/m2, respectively. The solar power required to meet the hydrogen production demand for each of the three refuelling number of vehicles were determined to be 2.24, 4.24 and 8.95 MW, respectively. The cost of energy from the solar PV system as well as the cost of hydrogen production at the refuelling station for each of the three hydrogen vehicle capacities was calculated as (0.24, 0.239 and 0.237) $/kWh and (16.52, 15.95 and 15.67) $/kg, respectively. The PV system would displace 387, 774 and 1548 tons of coal per annum for each of the capacity, respectively. This will result in the avoidance of 780, 1560 and 3120 tons/yr of CO2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"1843 - 1857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47720804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1964632
B. Malleeswaran, R. Uthayakumar
ABSTRACT Most business organizations aim is to make as much profit as possible. In this consignment stock model, we discuss the reworking of waste items and reductions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Here, we determine the GHGs and GHG penalty costs for each manufacturing and remanufacturing lot size. This proposed model is developed to reduce the manufacturer’s total cost per unit time without shortages. Also, we introduced a warehouse capacity constraint (CC) for minimizing the holding cost. For the promotional efforts, retailer promotional activity becomes prevalent in the business world, and here the promotional efforts dependent on demand. We exhibit the numerical instance by performing a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters and discussing specific managerial insights using optimization techniques.
{"title":"Consignment stock management for reducing waste items and GHG emissions using remanufacturing, emission penalties and promotional efforts under capacity constraints","authors":"B. Malleeswaran, R. Uthayakumar","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1964632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1964632","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most business organizations aim is to make as much profit as possible. In this consignment stock model, we discuss the reworking of waste items and reductions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Here, we determine the GHGs and GHG penalty costs for each manufacturing and remanufacturing lot size. This proposed model is developed to reduce the manufacturer’s total cost per unit time without shortages. Also, we introduced a warehouse capacity constraint (CC) for minimizing the holding cost. For the promotional efforts, retailer promotional activity becomes prevalent in the business world, and here the promotional efforts dependent on demand. We exhibit the numerical instance by performing a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters and discussing specific managerial insights using optimization techniques.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"1538 - 1550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45619940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1970272
Vikrant Sharma, Vikram Sharma, Kritika Karwasra
{"title":"A decision framework for green manufacturing indicators using fuzzy AHP - ELECTRE I: a case study of the steering system manufacturer","authors":"Vikrant Sharma, Vikram Sharma, Kritika Karwasra","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1970272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1970272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60118719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-22DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1962426
H. Aida, R. Nadlene, M. Mastura, L. Yusriah, D. Sivakumar, R. A. Ilyas
ABSTRACT Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) gets the most attention in development and manufacturing industries. The demand for FDM in industries increases gradually over time and attracts many researchers to enhance the quality of the FDM’s fillers. The most popular filler reinforcements in use are synthetic or carbon fibre. However, these fibres are harmful to the environment. To overcome the issue and replace the current fibres and achieve the bio-composites filler, researchers suggested using natural fibre to replace the synthetic and carbon fibres as the reinforcement, which is also combined with bio-polymer matrix such as thermoplastics as the polymer matrix in FDM’s industries. Many experiments and tests are conducted to prove the capability of the natural fibre as the main material in composite industries. FDM is a world-wide technology that aims to be environmentally friendly, thus, this paper focuses on biodegradable fillers for FDM.
{"title":"Natural fibre filament for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): a review","authors":"H. Aida, R. Nadlene, M. Mastura, L. Yusriah, D. Sivakumar, R. A. Ilyas","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1962426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1962426","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) gets the most attention in development and manufacturing industries. The demand for FDM in industries increases gradually over time and attracts many researchers to enhance the quality of the FDM’s fillers. The most popular filler reinforcements in use are synthetic or carbon fibre. However, these fibres are harmful to the environment. To overcome the issue and replace the current fibres and achieve the bio-composites filler, researchers suggested using natural fibre to replace the synthetic and carbon fibres as the reinforcement, which is also combined with bio-polymer matrix such as thermoplastics as the polymer matrix in FDM’s industries. Many experiments and tests are conducted to prove the capability of the natural fibre as the main material in composite industries. FDM is a world-wide technology that aims to be environmentally friendly, thus, this paper focuses on biodegradable fillers for FDM.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"1988 - 2008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1966122
J. Rodrigues, P. A. Z. Suarez, G. Ghesti, O. Iha, I. B. Reis, R. R. Lavich
ABSTRACT Based on Brazilian isolated communities’ situation about absence energy distribution, mainly in the Amazon, northeastern semi-arid and isolated regions of the Savana, some alternatives should be developed to produce electric power for energy supply. Looking for the capacities and sources of these communities, the oilseed production capacity is the most promised. So, a easy to handle pilot plant for cracking oils and fats was developed to produce biofuels. This study aimed to analyse the mass and energy balances of the pilot plant to check its viability for sustainable energy supply. For this, three different cracking temperatures (663 K, 678 K and 693 K) were studied, and reaction data was collected. The physicochemical properties are similar to those of petroleum diesel, indicating that thermal cracking fuel may be a viable alternative to this fossil fuel in diesel cycle engines. The best temperature for the cracking reaction was 678 K, due to the physicochemical parameters of the biofuel produced being similar to those of fossil diesel. So, according to energy production system, the cracking temperatures 678 and 693 K are recommended.
{"title":"Case study: plant design to obtain a diesel-like fuel from soybean oil cracking for decentralised energy generation to Brazilian isolated communities","authors":"J. Rodrigues, P. A. Z. Suarez, G. Ghesti, O. Iha, I. B. Reis, R. R. Lavich","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1966122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1966122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on Brazilian isolated communities’ situation about absence energy distribution, mainly in the Amazon, northeastern semi-arid and isolated regions of the Savana, some alternatives should be developed to produce electric power for energy supply. Looking for the capacities and sources of these communities, the oilseed production capacity is the most promised. So, a easy to handle pilot plant for cracking oils and fats was developed to produce biofuels. This study aimed to analyse the mass and energy balances of the pilot plant to check its viability for sustainable energy supply. For this, three different cracking temperatures (663 K, 678 K and 693 K) were studied, and reaction data was collected. The physicochemical properties are similar to those of petroleum diesel, indicating that thermal cracking fuel may be a viable alternative to this fossil fuel in diesel cycle engines. The best temperature for the cracking reaction was 678 K, due to the physicochemical parameters of the biofuel produced being similar to those of fossil diesel. So, according to energy production system, the cracking temperatures 678 and 693 K are recommended.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"1800 - 1808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42953819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1966128
Nikkhil Pandey, Manas Bhatnagar, Dibyajyoti Ghosh
ABSTRACT Appropriate consideration and selection of practices, success factors are of utmost importance of the best use of resources, time and money to facilitate Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) development. This study presents an integrated framework based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) to evaluate potential alternatives for the SSCM. The criteria used for the selection of various enhancers of sustainability, which are developed along with the categories are environmental, economic, social, technical, organisational and business. An Indian-based engine manufacturing industry is taken to build up the model. AHP is employed to select the best criteria from the various Critical Success Factors (CSFs) listed under the categories based on the calculated weights. ISM and Matrice d’impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment (MICMAC) analysis are employed to model the relationship among the various CSFs and to select the best from the developed matrix. The result indicates ‘support from senior management for environmental activities’, ‘environmental teamwork’ and ‘government support’ are the main CSFs for the achievement of sustainability of the supply chain.
{"title":"An analysis of critical success factors towards sustainable supply chain management – in the context of an engine manufacturing industry","authors":"Nikkhil Pandey, Manas Bhatnagar, Dibyajyoti Ghosh","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1966128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1966128","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Appropriate consideration and selection of practices, success factors are of utmost importance of the best use of resources, time and money to facilitate Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) development. This study presents an integrated framework based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) to evaluate potential alternatives for the SSCM. The criteria used for the selection of various enhancers of sustainability, which are developed along with the categories are environmental, economic, social, technical, organisational and business. An Indian-based engine manufacturing industry is taken to build up the model. AHP is employed to select the best criteria from the various Critical Success Factors (CSFs) listed under the categories based on the calculated weights. ISM and Matrice d’impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment (MICMAC) analysis are employed to model the relationship among the various CSFs and to select the best from the developed matrix. The result indicates ‘support from senior management for environmental activities’, ‘environmental teamwork’ and ‘government support’ are the main CSFs for the achievement of sustainability of the supply chain.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"1496 - 1508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48587355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1966123
Saurabh Shinkhede, Vasudha D. Katare, Saurabh N. Joglekar, M. Madurwar, S. Mandavgane
Researchers across the globe are developing different admixtures compositions to enhance sustainability of product. Fair sustainability assessment of these compositions still remains a major obstac...
{"title":"Comparison of different concrete compositions based on sustainability score","authors":"Saurabh Shinkhede, Vasudha D. Katare, Saurabh N. Joglekar, M. Madurwar, S. Mandavgane","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1966123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1966123","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers across the globe are developing different admixtures compositions to enhance sustainability of product. Fair sustainability assessment of these compositions still remains a major obstac...","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44732556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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