A. Biria, B. Navidshad, F. M. Aghjehgheshlag, S. Nikbin
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the hatchability, production performance and immune responses of broilers. A total of 192 fertile eggs obtained from a Ross 308 broiler breeder flock were used. The eggs were divided into 4 experimental groups including a positive control group with normal saline injection, and injection of 50, 75 and 100 ppm nano-ZnO on the first day of incubation period in the air cell and were placed in the incubator. The hatched chicks were allocated to a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates for a 42-day experiment. In ovo injection of nano-ZnO increased hatchability of eggs compared to the control group (p 0.05). The results of antibody titer against the influenza virus at 10 days of age did not differ between the experimental treatments (P>0.05). The heterophil, lymphocytes, monocytes and hematocrit number in the blood of broiler chickens at 10 days of age did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). The results of the present study suggest that in ovo injection of nano ZnO particles had positive effects on early embryo mortality rate, total white blood cells, however the performance traits of the hatched chicks were not significantly affected through in ovo injection of nano ZnO particles.
{"title":"The Effect of in ovo Supplementation of Nano Zinc Oxide Particles on Hatchability and Post-Hatch Immune System of Broiler Chicken","authors":"A. Biria, B. Navidshad, F. M. Aghjehgheshlag, S. Nikbin","doi":"10.26181/601CDB02BECA4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26181/601CDB02BECA4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the hatchability, production performance and immune responses of broilers. A total of 192 fertile eggs obtained from a Ross 308 broiler breeder flock were used. The eggs were divided into 4 experimental groups including a positive control group with normal saline injection, and injection of 50, 75 and 100 ppm nano-ZnO on the first day of incubation period in the air cell and were placed in the incubator. The hatched chicks were allocated to a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates for a 42-day experiment. In ovo injection of nano-ZnO increased hatchability of eggs compared to the control group (p 0.05). The results of antibody titer against the influenza virus at 10 days of age did not differ between the experimental treatments (P>0.05). The heterophil, lymphocytes, monocytes and hematocrit number in the blood of broiler chickens at 10 days of age did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). The results of the present study suggest that in ovo injection of nano ZnO particles had positive effects on early embryo mortality rate, total white blood cells, however the performance traits of the hatched chicks were not significantly affected through in ovo injection of nano ZnO particles.","PeriodicalId":14497,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42788982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-07DOI: 10.22067/IJASR.V8I1.21117
Hossain, E. A. Awad
Introduction Oxidative stress is metabolic and physiologic status caused by imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense of body. In some physiological status such as rapid growth, parturition, disease and high production rate that imbalance would occur. High producing dairy animals are suspected to oxidative stress and require to antioxidant supplementation. Negative energy balance in early lactation force the nutrition specialist to apply oil and high NFC diet to exceed the requirement of high producing dairy animals such as Holstein cows and Saanen goats. In recent years, the attention to the use of herbal or organic antioxidant in animal nutrition has increased. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding oxidized soybean oil (OSO) plus pomegranate seed (PS) as a natural antioxidant, on metabolism and physiology of Preparturient Saanen Goats. Materials and Methods Eighteen Saanen dairy goats with initial body weight of 47 ± 9 kg were assigned to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements for 21 days before anticipated parturition. Experimental treatments including: 1) base diet and 4% fresh soybean oil (FSO), 2) base diet and 4% oxidized soybean oil (DM basis) respectively, and 3) base diet plus 4% OSO and 8% Pomegranate seed (OSO-PS). After 2 weeks of feeding trial diets, goats were sampled for blood, rumen liquor, faeces and urine for measuring parameters of blood glucose, BHBA, lipid and nitrogen profile, rumen liquor ammonia nitrogen, urine pH and volume, faeces qualitative and quantitative variables and other responses such as nutrients digestibility. The GLM procedure of SAS software v.9.2 were used for statistical analysis. Initial body weight and metabolic variables were used as covariate in the model. Results and discussion All nutrients digestibility, Ruminal ammonia nitrogen and voluntary feed intake were decreased by OSO (p<0.05) and increased significantly by OSO-PS vs. FSO. Urinary pH was significantly decreased by OSO-PS in comparison with other treatments. Urinary volume was increased (p<0.05) and the faeces bolus Volume and humidity significantly reduced by OSO vs. other treatments. Triiodothyronine and creatinine concentration were significantly decreased by oxidized soybean oil (treatment 2) and OSO-PS (treatment 3) compared to sham control (FSO), and fasting glucose was significantly decreased and increased by OSO and OSO-PS vs. FSO (p<0.05), respectively. The metabolism of all types of Cholesterol was significantly altered by the treatments but the fluctuations of other parameters were not significantly differed among diets. This result is in accordance with other studies on herbal antioxidant feeding to ruminant, but the difference is in study situation of stimulated oxidative stress in this trial. Its might be suggested that antioxidant capacity of pomegranate seed could be an effective agent on saving turnover rate of epithelium agai
{"title":"اثر تغذیه روغن سویای اکسید شده در تقابل با نقش آنتی اکسیدانی هسته انار بر فیزیولوژی و متابولیسم بزهای سانن در دوره انتقال","authors":"Hossain, E. A. Awad","doi":"10.22067/IJASR.V8I1.21117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJASR.V8I1.21117","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Oxidative stress is metabolic and physiologic status caused by imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense of body. In some physiological status such as rapid growth, parturition, disease and high production rate that imbalance would occur. High producing dairy animals are suspected to oxidative stress and require to antioxidant supplementation. Negative energy balance in early lactation force the nutrition specialist to apply oil and high NFC diet to exceed the requirement of high producing dairy animals such as Holstein cows and Saanen goats. In recent years, the attention to the use of herbal or organic antioxidant in animal nutrition has increased. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding oxidized soybean oil (OSO) plus pomegranate seed (PS) as a natural antioxidant, on metabolism and physiology of Preparturient Saanen Goats. \u0000Materials and Methods Eighteen Saanen dairy goats with initial body weight of 47 ± 9 kg were assigned to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements for 21 days before anticipated parturition. Experimental treatments including: 1) base diet and 4% fresh soybean oil (FSO), 2) base diet and 4% oxidized soybean oil (DM basis) respectively, and 3) base diet plus 4% OSO and 8% Pomegranate seed (OSO-PS). After 2 weeks of feeding trial diets, goats were sampled for blood, rumen liquor, faeces and urine for measuring parameters of blood glucose, BHBA, lipid and nitrogen profile, rumen liquor ammonia nitrogen, urine pH and volume, faeces qualitative and quantitative variables and other responses such as nutrients digestibility. The GLM procedure of SAS software v.9.2 were used for statistical analysis. Initial body weight and metabolic variables were used as covariate in the model. \u0000Results and discussion All nutrients digestibility, Ruminal ammonia nitrogen and voluntary feed intake were decreased by OSO (p<0.05) and increased significantly by OSO-PS vs. FSO. Urinary pH was significantly decreased by OSO-PS in comparison with other treatments. Urinary volume was increased (p<0.05) and the faeces bolus Volume and humidity significantly reduced by OSO vs. other treatments. Triiodothyronine and creatinine concentration were significantly decreased by oxidized soybean oil (treatment 2) and OSO-PS (treatment 3) compared to sham control (FSO), and fasting glucose was significantly decreased and increased by OSO and OSO-PS vs. FSO (p<0.05), respectively. The metabolism of all types of Cholesterol was significantly altered by the treatments but the fluctuations of other parameters were not significantly differed among diets. This result is in accordance with other studies on herbal antioxidant feeding to ruminant, but the difference is in study situation of stimulated oxidative stress in this trial. Its might be suggested that antioxidant capacity of pomegranate seed could be an effective agent on saving turnover rate of epithelium agai","PeriodicalId":14497,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68587508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9881.1000109
V. G. Stanley, Dacian Nelson, M. Daley
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two laying systems (floor versus cage) on egg production, egg quality, and microbial safety. One hundred and eighty 42 wk old laying hens were separated into two groups of 90 hens each, and housed in laying cages and a floor laying system. Eggs from the hens were collected for 2 weeks, and hen-day egg production, egg quality (whole egg, albumen, yolk and shell weights), saleability, and marketability were measured. Total bacteria counts on the egg shell surface were also enumerated at 0, 4 and 8 h after laying. Results indicated that hen-day egg production by hens in the cage system (95%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than production by hens from the floor system (85%), but there was no significant differences in egg weight, albumen, yolk, or shell weights. Hens housed in the cage laying systems produced significantly (P<0.05) more marketable eggs (95%) than hens housed in the floor laying system (89%). Significantly (P<0.05) more unsaleable eggs were also produced by hens in the floor laying system (11%) than in the cage system (4%). Bacteria counts on egg shells from hens of the cage laying system were significantly (P<0.05) lower at 0 and 4 h after laying (4.02 and 5.90 log cfu/mL, respectively) than counts on shells of eggs from the floor laying system (6.58 and 7.25 log cfu/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference in contamination of eggs collected 8 h after laying. Findings indicate hens housed in cages produce more eggs with higher quality and less bacterial contamination than hens house in floors laying systems.
{"title":"Evaluation of Two Laying Systems (Floor vs. Cage) on Egg Production, Quality and Safety","authors":"V. G. Stanley, Dacian Nelson, M. Daley","doi":"10.4172/2168-9881.1000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9881.1000109","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two laying systems (floor versus cage) on egg production, egg quality, and microbial safety. One hundred and eighty 42 wk old laying hens were separated into two groups of 90 hens each, and housed in laying cages and a floor laying system. Eggs from the hens were collected for 2 weeks, and hen-day egg production, egg quality (whole egg, albumen, yolk and shell weights), saleability, and marketability were measured. Total bacteria counts on the egg shell surface were also enumerated at 0, 4 and 8 h after laying. Results indicated that hen-day egg production by hens in the cage system (95%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than production by hens from the floor system (85%), but there was no significant differences in egg weight, albumen, yolk, or shell weights. Hens housed in the cage laying systems produced significantly (P<0.05) more marketable eggs (95%) than hens housed in the floor laying system (89%). Significantly (P<0.05) more unsaleable eggs were also produced by hens in the floor laying system (11%) than in the cage system (4%). Bacteria counts on egg shells from hens of the cage laying system were significantly (P<0.05) lower at 0 and 4 h after laying (4.02 and 5.90 log cfu/mL, respectively) than counts on shells of eggs from the floor laying system (6.58 and 7.25 log cfu/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference in contamination of eggs collected 8 h after laying. Findings indicate hens housed in cages produce more eggs with higher quality and less bacterial contamination than hens house in floors laying systems.","PeriodicalId":14497,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2168-9881.1000109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70874122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Pourseif, G. Moghaddam, Seyed Abbas Rafat, H. Daghighkia, A. Pourseif
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the photoperiod on the seminal traits of crossbreed wool-producing rams throughout one year period. For the effect of photoperiod, two periods were considered: decreasing daylight length (summer and autumn) and increasing daylight length (winter and spring). For this study, 5 Baluchi × Moghani (BL × MG) and 5 Arkharmerino × Moghani (AM × MG) rams were used. Semen collections were performed from first of October, 2010 to the end of September, 2011. After a training period of 2 weeks, semen ejaculates were evaluated for volume, total sperm count/ejaculate (TSE), sperm concentration, semen color, wave motion, percentage of progressive motility, percentage of live and abnormal sperm, pH, methylene blue reduction time (MBRT) and semen index (semen volume × sperm concentration/ml × live sperm% × progressive motility%). Analysis of the yearlong data showed that semen samples with the best quality were collected in September to November (P 0.05), significant seasonal variations of semen traits were observed for all seminal traits except for progressive motility, percentage of live sperm and MBRT. Although there were significant seasonal changes in seminal traits of the crosses; the fresh semen showed adequate quality to be used for breeding purposes throughout the year.
{"title":"Photoperiod as a Factor for Studying Fluctuations ofSeminal Traits during Breeding and Non-BreedingSeason","authors":"M. M. Pourseif, G. Moghaddam, Seyed Abbas Rafat, H. Daghighkia, A. Pourseif","doi":"10.5897/JCAB12.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.052","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the photoperiod on the seminal traits of crossbreed wool-producing rams throughout one year period. For the effect of photoperiod, two periods were considered: decreasing daylight length (summer and autumn) and increasing daylight length (winter and spring). For this study, 5 Baluchi × Moghani (BL × MG) and 5 Arkharmerino × Moghani (AM × MG) rams were used. Semen collections were performed from first of October, 2010 to the end of September, 2011. After a training period of 2 weeks, semen ejaculates were evaluated for volume, total sperm count/ejaculate (TSE), sperm concentration, semen color, wave motion, percentage of progressive motility, percentage of live and abnormal sperm, pH, methylene blue reduction time (MBRT) and semen index (semen volume × sperm concentration/ml × live sperm% × progressive motility%). Analysis of the yearlong data showed that semen samples with the best quality were collected in September to November (P 0.05), significant seasonal variations of semen traits were observed for all seminal traits except for progressive motility, percentage of live sperm and MBRT. Although there were significant seasonal changes in seminal traits of the crosses; the fresh semen showed adequate quality to be used for breeding purposes throughout the year.","PeriodicalId":14497,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JCAB12.052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71138264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-20DOI: 10.22067/IJASR.V5I4.33766
صمد صادقی, رضا ولی زاده, عباسعلی ناصریان, عبدالمنصور طهماسبی
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی جایگزینی سیلوی ذرت با سطوح متفاوت کاه گندم غنی شده با گاز آمونیاک برعملکرد، قابلیت هضم و فراسنجه های تخمیری شکمبه ای، فراسنجه های خونی فعالیت جویدن و ارزیابی اقتصادی استفاده از این دو علوفه در جیره تلیسه های هلشتاینانجام شد. 15 راس تلیسه با سن حدود 10-9 ماه در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار به مدت 2 ماه با جیره های دارای (1) 36 درصد سیلاژ ذرت،(2) 18 درصد سیلاژ ذرت + 18 درصد کاه عمل آوری شده و (3) 36درصد کاه عمل آوری شده تغذیه شدند. پرسهای کاه با 4 درصد گاز آمونیاک به مدت 30 روز عمل آوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت بین میانگین ماده خشک مصرفی و افزایش وزن روزانه و ارتفاع جدوگاه در بین تیمارها معنی دار نیست. قابلیت هضم DM، CP،ADF و NDF در تیمار 1 به طور معنی داری نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر بیشترشد. pH شکمبه ای و نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه ای در تیمار3 نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر به طور معنی داری بیشتر شدند. زمان های مصرف خوراک، نشخوار و کل جویدن در تیمار 3 بطور معنی داری بیشتر از دو تیمار دیگر بود. BUN در تیمار 3 نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر و نیز آلبومین خون در تیمار 2 نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر بطور معنی داری بیشتر شدند. غلظت گلوکز، کلسترول، TG،AST و ALT بین تیمارها تفاوت معنی داری نداشت. به طورکلی، برای هرکیلوگرم افزایش وزن، در تیمار 3 و تیمار 2 نسبت به تیمار 1 به ترتیب و 3935 ریال صرفه جویی صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کاه عمل آوری شده را می توان به طور کامل جایگزین سیلاژ ذرت در جیره تلیسه های هلشتاین کرد بدون اینکه اثر منفی بر عملکرد آنها داشته باشد.
{"title":"اثر جایگزینی سیلوی ذرت با سطوح متفاوت کاه گندم عمل آوری شده با گاز آمونیاک برعملکرد، فراسنجههای تخمیر شکمبه ای و فراسنجه های خونی تلیسه های هلشتاین","authors":"صمد صادقی, رضا ولی زاده, عباسعلی ناصریان, عبدالمنصور طهماسبی","doi":"10.22067/IJASR.V5I4.33766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJASR.V5I4.33766","url":null,"abstract":"این تحقیق به منظور بررسی جایگزینی سیلوی ذرت با سطوح متفاوت کاه گندم غنی شده با گاز آمونیاک برعملکرد، قابلیت هضم و فراسنجه های تخمیری شکمبه ای، فراسنجه های خونی فعالیت جویدن و ارزیابی اقتصادی استفاده از این دو علوفه در جیره تلیسه های هلشتاینانجام شد. 15 راس تلیسه با سن حدود 10-9 ماه در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار به مدت 2 ماه با جیره های دارای (1) 36 درصد سیلاژ ذرت،(2) 18 درصد سیلاژ ذرت + 18 درصد کاه عمل آوری شده و (3) 36درصد کاه عمل آوری شده تغذیه شدند. پرسهای کاه با 4 درصد گاز آمونیاک به مدت 30 روز عمل آوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت بین میانگین ماده خشک مصرفی و افزایش وزن روزانه و ارتفاع جدوگاه در بین تیمارها معنی دار نیست. قابلیت هضم DM، CP،ADF و NDF در تیمار 1 به طور معنی داری نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر بیشترشد. pH شکمبه ای و نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه ای در تیمار3 نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر به طور معنی داری بیشتر شدند. زمان های مصرف خوراک، نشخوار و کل جویدن در تیمار 3 بطور معنی داری بیشتر از دو تیمار دیگر بود. BUN در تیمار 3 نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر و نیز آلبومین خون در تیمار 2 نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر بطور معنی داری بیشتر شدند. غلظت گلوکز، کلسترول، TG،AST و ALT بین تیمارها تفاوت معنی داری نداشت. به طورکلی، برای هرکیلوگرم افزایش وزن، در تیمار 3 و تیمار 2 نسبت به تیمار 1 به ترتیب و 3935 ریال صرفه جویی صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کاه عمل آوری شده را می توان به طور کامل جایگزین سیلاژ ذرت در جیره تلیسه های هلشتاین کرد بدون اینکه اثر منفی بر عملکرد آنها داشته باشد.","PeriodicalId":14497,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68587794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.21608/JAPPMU.2011.83374
H. Gaafar, E. Abdel-Raouf, M. Bendary, G. Ghanem, K. F. El-Reidy
Sixteen multiparous lactating buffaloes after 8 weeks of calving and weighing 500 to 600 kg were used in a complete switch-back design with four groups. Buffaloes in the first group were fed the control ration (R1) consisted of DM basis of 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM)+20% rice straw (RS)+20% berseem hay (BH), while in the other groups the rations consisted of DM basis of 40% CFM+20% RS+40% sugar beet tops silage (SBTS) and corn silage (CS) in different ratios; 2:1 (R2), 1:1 (R3) and 1:2 (R4), respectively. The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CF, EE and NFE, TDN value and the intake of DM and TDN increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing the level of corn silage, however, CP digestibility, DCP value and CP and DCP intake increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of sugar beet tops silage in the rations. The pH value and NH3-N concentration increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of sugar beet tops silage, however, TVFA's concentration increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of corn silage in the rations. Buffaloes fed R3 recorded the highest (P<0.05) milk and 7% FCM yield, however, those fed R1, had the lowest yield. The percentages of fat, lactose and TS increased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of corn silage, however, the percentages of protein, SNF and ash increased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of sugar beet tops silage in rations. Animals fed R3 showed the lowest amounts of DM and TDN required per kg 7% FCM and R4 the lowest amounts of CP and DCP required per kg 7% FCM, however, those fed R1 revealed the highest amounts (P<0.05).
{"title":"Productive Performance of Lactating Buffaloes Fed Ration Containing Sugar Beet Tops and Corn Silages","authors":"H. Gaafar, E. Abdel-Raouf, M. Bendary, G. Ghanem, K. F. El-Reidy","doi":"10.21608/JAPPMU.2011.83374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JAPPMU.2011.83374","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen multiparous lactating buffaloes after 8 weeks of calving and weighing 500 to 600 kg were used in a complete switch-back design with four groups. Buffaloes in the first group were fed the control ration (R1) consisted of DM basis of 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM)+20% rice straw (RS)+20% berseem hay (BH), while in the other groups the rations consisted of DM basis of 40% CFM+20% RS+40% sugar beet tops silage (SBTS) and corn silage (CS) in different ratios; 2:1 (R2), 1:1 (R3) and 1:2 (R4), respectively. The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CF, EE and NFE, TDN value and the intake of DM and TDN increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing the level of corn silage, however, CP digestibility, DCP value and CP and DCP intake increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of sugar beet tops silage in the rations. The pH value and NH3-N concentration increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of sugar beet tops silage, however, TVFA's concentration increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of corn silage in the rations. Buffaloes fed R3 recorded the highest (P<0.05) milk and 7% FCM yield, however, those fed R1, had the lowest yield. The percentages of fat, lactose and TS increased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of corn silage, however, the percentages of protein, SNF and ash increased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of sugar beet tops silage in rations. Animals fed R3 showed the lowest amounts of DM and TDN required per kg 7% FCM and R4 the lowest amounts of CP and DCP required per kg 7% FCM, however, those fed R1 revealed the highest amounts (P<0.05).","PeriodicalId":14497,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68513911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-01DOI: 10.21608/JAPPMU.2011.83371
H. Gaafar, E. Abdel-Raouf, M. Bendary, G. Ghanem, K. El-Riedy
Twenty eight lactating buffaloes were used in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement of four experimental diets including low protein-low energy (LP-LE), low protein-high energy (LPHE), high protein-low energy (HP-LE) and high protein-high energy (HP-HE). Results showed that the HPHE diet recorded the highest digestibility coefficients of CP, EE, NFE, nutritive values, TDN and DCP intake, while HP-LE diet had the highest CF digestibility (P<0.05). The HP-HE diet had the highest (P<0.05) actual milk and 7% FCM yield and the contents of protein, lactose, SNF and TS in milk, HP-LE diet had the highest fat content (P<0.05). The HP-HE diet showed the lowest amounts of DM and TDN per kg, 7% FCM, while LP-HE diet had the lowest amount of DCP per kg 7% FCM (P<0.05). The LP-HE diet recorded the lowest average daily feed cost, while HP-HE diet showed the lowest feed cost/kg 7% FCM and the highest total revenue and economic efficiency (P<0.05). Buffaloes fed HP-HE diet showed short periods from parturition to first estrus and first service, service period, days open, the lowest number of services per conception and the highest conception rate (P<0.05).
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Pub Date : 2007-05-16DOI: 10.22067/IJASR.V2I1.35243
سعید کامل ارومیه, عباسعلی ناصریان, رضا ولی زاده, فاطمه هلن قانع استادقاسمی, محمد بنایان اول
جهت تعیین سطح مناسب کربوهیدراتهای غیر الیافی و اثر آن بر ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، قابلیت هضم ظاهری ترکیبات خوراک، فراسنجههای شکمبهای و وزن بدن تعداد 8 رأس گاو شیری هلشتاین با چند شکم زایش و میانگین روزهای شیردهی 28±107 و میانگین وزن 68±644 کیلوگرم در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 4×4 تکرار شده با دورههای آزمایش 21 روزه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش به ترتیب شامل 33، 36، 39 و 42 درصد NFC در ماده خشک جیره بود. از جایگزینی ذرت و کنجاله سویا با سبوس گندم جهت دستیابی به سطح مورد نیاز کربوهیدرات غیر الیافی استفاده شد. افزایش NFC جیره منجر به افزایش معنیدار در میزان مصرف ماده خشک، تولید شیر روزانه، FCM 5/3 درصد و پروتئین، لاکتوز و مواد جامد فاقد چربی شیر شد. این در صورتی بود که درصد چربی شیر به طور معنیداری کاهش یافت. با افزایش NFC وزن بدن افزایش یافت با این حال تیمارها تأثیر معنیداری بر آن نداشتند. درصد ماده خشک مصرفی به ازای وزن بدن تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. میزان کل پروتئین شیر با افزایش NFC، افزایش یافت. همچنین با افزایش NFC میزان کل چربی شیر افزایش یافت، اما تأثیر معنیداری مشاهده نشد. افزایش NFC منجر به افزایش معنیدار قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام، کربوهیدرات غیر الیافی، ماده خشک و ماده آلی خوراک شد. pH و نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه با افزایش NFC کاهش پیدا کردند به طوری که این کاهش برای نیتروژن آمونیاکی معنیدار بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان میدهد که افزایش کربوهیدراتهای غیر الیافی به طور معنیداری موجب افزایش تولید و اغلب ترکیبات شیر میشود. به نظر میرسد جیرههای گاوهای شیری در ابتدای دوره شیردهی میبایست حاوی بیش از 36 درصد NFC در ماده خشک جیره باشد.
{"title":"اثر کربوهیدراتهای غیر الیافی بر قابلیت عملکرد و خصوصیات هضمی مواد مغذی در گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین","authors":"سعید کامل ارومیه, عباسعلی ناصریان, رضا ولی زاده, فاطمه هلن قانع استادقاسمی, محمد بنایان اول","doi":"10.22067/IJASR.V2I1.35243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IJASR.V2I1.35243","url":null,"abstract":"جهت تعیین سطح مناسب کربوهیدراتهای غیر الیافی و اثر آن بر ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، قابلیت هضم ظاهری ترکیبات خوراک، فراسنجههای شکمبهای و وزن بدن تعداد 8 رأس گاو شیری هلشتاین با چند شکم زایش و میانگین روزهای شیردهی 28±107 و میانگین وزن 68±644 کیلوگرم در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 4×4 تکرار شده با دورههای آزمایش 21 روزه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش به ترتیب شامل 33، 36، 39 و 42 درصد NFC در ماده خشک جیره بود. از جایگزینی ذرت و کنجاله سویا با سبوس گندم جهت دستیابی به سطح مورد نیاز کربوهیدرات غیر الیافی استفاده شد. افزایش NFC جیره منجر به افزایش معنیدار در میزان مصرف ماده خشک، تولید شیر روزانه، FCM 5/3 درصد و پروتئین، لاکتوز و مواد جامد فاقد چربی شیر شد. این در صورتی بود که درصد چربی شیر به طور معنیداری کاهش یافت. با افزایش NFC وزن بدن افزایش یافت با این حال تیمارها تأثیر معنیداری بر آن نداشتند. درصد ماده خشک مصرفی به ازای وزن بدن تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. میزان کل پروتئین شیر با افزایش NFC، افزایش یافت. همچنین با افزایش NFC میزان کل چربی شیر افزایش یافت، اما تأثیر معنیداری مشاهده نشد. افزایش NFC منجر به افزایش معنیدار قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام، کربوهیدرات غیر الیافی، ماده خشک و ماده آلی خوراک شد. pH و نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه با افزایش NFC کاهش پیدا کردند به طوری که این کاهش برای نیتروژن آمونیاکی معنیدار بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان میدهد که افزایش کربوهیدراتهای غیر الیافی به طور معنیداری موجب افزایش تولید و اغلب ترکیبات شیر میشود. به نظر میرسد جیرههای گاوهای شیری در ابتدای دوره شیردهی میبایست حاوی بیش از 36 درصد NFC در ماده خشک جیره باشد.","PeriodicalId":14497,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2007-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68587109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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