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The Effect of in ovo Supplementation of Nano Zinc Oxide Particles on Hatchability and Post-Hatch Immune System of Broiler Chicken 蛋中添加纳米氧化锌颗粒对肉仔鸡孵化率及孵化后免疫系统的影响
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.26181/601CDB02BECA4
A. Biria, B. Navidshad, F. M. Aghjehgheshlag, S. Nikbin
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the hatchability, production performance and immune responses of broilers. A total of 192 fertile eggs obtained from a Ross 308 broiler breeder flock were used. The eggs were divided into 4 experimental groups including a positive control group with normal saline injection, and injection of 50, 75 and 100 ppm nano-ZnO on the first day of incubation period in the air cell and were placed in the incubator. The hatched chicks were allocated to a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates for a 42-day experiment. In ovo injection of nano-ZnO increased hatchability of eggs compared to the control group (p 0.05). The results of antibody titer against the influenza virus at 10 days of age did not differ between the experimental treatments (P>0.05). The heterophil, lymphocytes, monocytes and hematocrit number in the blood of broiler chickens at 10 days of age did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). The results of the present study suggest that in ovo injection of nano ZnO particles had positive effects on early embryo mortality rate, total white blood cells, however the performance traits of the hatched chicks were not significantly affected through in ovo injection of nano ZnO particles.
本研究旨在评价卵内注射氧化锌纳米颗粒对肉鸡孵化能力、生产性能和免疫反应的影响。使用从罗斯308肉鸡繁殖群获得的总共192个可育蛋。将鸡蛋分为4个实验组,包括阳性对照组,注射生理盐水,并在培养期的第一天在空气细胞中注射50、75和100ppm的纳米ZnO,并将其放置在培养箱中。孵化的小鸡被分配到一个完全随机的设计中,有4个处理和4个重复,用于42天的实验。与对照组相比,卵内注射纳米ZnO提高了鸡蛋的孵化率(p0.05)。10日龄时对流感病毒的抗体滴度结果在实验处理之间没有差异(p>0.05),10日龄肉鸡血液中单核细胞和红细胞压积数无显著差异(P>0.05),卵内注射纳米氧化锌对雏鸡的生产性能没有明显影响。
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引用次数: 10
اثر تغذیه روغن سویای اکسید شده در تقابل با نقش آنتی اکسیدانی هسته انار بر فیزیولوژی و متابولیسم بزهای سانن در دوره انتقال 在过渡期,太阳日粮对蜜蜂生理和代谢的影响与原子氧的光合作用相反。
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2016-09-07 DOI: 10.22067/IJASR.V8I1.21117
Hossain, E. A. Awad
Introduction Oxidative stress is metabolic and physiologic status caused by imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense of body. In some physiological status such as rapid growth, parturition, disease and high production rate that imbalance would occur. High producing dairy animals are suspected to oxidative stress and require to antioxidant supplementation. Negative energy balance in early lactation force the nutrition specialist to apply oil and high NFC diet to exceed the requirement of high producing dairy animals such as Holstein cows and Saanen goats. In recent years, the attention to the use of herbal or organic antioxidant in animal nutrition has increased. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding oxidized soybean oil (OSO) plus pomegranate seed (PS) as a natural antioxidant, on metabolism and physiology of Preparturient Saanen Goats. Materials and Methods Eighteen Saanen dairy goats with initial body weight of 47 ± 9 kg were assigned to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements for 21 days before anticipated parturition. Experimental treatments including: 1) base diet and 4% fresh soybean oil (FSO), 2) base diet and 4% oxidized soybean oil (DM basis) respectively, and 3) base diet plus 4% OSO and 8% Pomegranate seed (OSO-PS). After 2 weeks of feeding trial diets, goats were sampled for blood, rumen liquor, faeces and urine for measuring parameters of blood glucose, BHBA, lipid and nitrogen profile, rumen liquor ammonia nitrogen, urine pH and volume, faeces qualitative and quantitative variables and other responses such as nutrients digestibility. The GLM procedure of SAS software v.9.2 were used for statistical analysis. Initial body weight and metabolic variables were used as covariate in the model. Results and discussion All nutrients digestibility, Ruminal ammonia nitrogen and voluntary feed intake were decreased by OSO (p<0.05) and increased significantly by OSO-PS vs. FSO. Urinary pH was significantly decreased by OSO-PS in comparison with other treatments. Urinary volume was increased (p<0.05) and the faeces bolus Volume and humidity significantly reduced by OSO vs. other treatments. Triiodothyronine and creatinine concentration were significantly decreased by oxidized soybean oil (treatment 2) and OSO-PS (treatment 3) compared to sham control (FSO), and fasting glucose was significantly decreased and increased by OSO and OSO-PS vs. FSO (p<0.05), respectively. The metabolism of all types of Cholesterol was significantly altered by the treatments but the fluctuations of other parameters were not significantly differed among diets. This result is in accordance with other studies on herbal antioxidant feeding to ruminant, but the difference is in study situation of stimulated oxidative stress in this trial. Its might be suggested that antioxidant capacity of pomegranate seed could be an effective agent on saving turnover rate of epithelium agai
氧化应激是机体自由基生成与抗氧化防御失衡所引起的代谢和生理状态。在某些生理状态下,如快速生长、分娩、疾病和高产率时,会发生这种不平衡。高产奶牛可能存在氧化应激,需要补充抗氧化剂。哺乳期早期的负能量平衡迫使营养专家使用油和高NFC日粮,以超过高产奶牛(如荷斯坦奶牛和萨宁山羊)的需求。近年来,草药或有机抗氧化剂在动物营养中的应用受到越来越多的关注。本试验旨在研究氧化大豆油(OSO)加石榴籽(PS)作为天然抗氧化剂对育肥山羊代谢和生理的影响。材料与方法选用18只初生体重为47±9 kg的沙嫩奶山羊,采用完全随机设计,在预产期前21 d内分别饲喂3种饲粮,重复测量。试验包括:1)基础饲粮加4%鲜豆油(FSO), 2)基础饲粮加4%氧化豆油(DM), 3)基础饲粮加4%鲜豆油和8%石榴籽(OSO- ps)。饲喂试验饲粮2周后,采集山羊血液、瘤胃液、粪便和尿液,测定血糖、BHBA、脂质和氮谱、瘤胃液氨氮、尿液pH值和体积、粪便定性和定量变量及营养物质消化率等参数。采用SAS软件v.9.2的GLM程序进行统计分析。模型中使用初始体重和代谢变量作为协变量。结果与讨论OSO降低了所有营养物质的消化率、瘤胃氨氮和自愿采食量(p<0.05), OSO- ps显著提高了瘤胃氨氮和自愿采食量(p<0.05)。与其他治疗相比,OSO-PS显著降低了尿pH值。与其他处理相比,OSO组尿量增加(p<0.05),粪便体积和湿度显著降低。氧化大豆油(处理2)和OSO- ps(处理3)与假对照(FSO)相比显著降低了三碘甲状腺原氨酸和肌酐浓度,OSO和OSO- ps与假对照(FSO)相比显著降低和升高了空腹血糖(p<0.05)。所有类型胆固醇的代谢均显著改变,但其他参数的波动在不同饮食之间无显著差异。这一结果与其他反刍动物草药抗氧化喂养的研究结果一致,但不同之处在于本试验中受刺激氧化应激的研究情况。提示石榴籽的抗氧化能力可能是降低上皮细胞对自由基和其他脂质过氧化物的周转率的有效因素。结论OSO总体上刺激了氧化应激代谢指标和状态,但PS的激素和抗氧化作用改善了大部分代谢和生理指标,提高了营养物质消化率、血液参数、尿液参数和面部参数以及瘤胃状态,提示石榴籽或其衍生物,无论是生的还是加工的,都可能对家畜的经济和健康参数产生潜在影响。另外,在预备乳用动物中添加石榴籽对降低pH值可能是一种酸化日粮和动物体以预防代谢紊乱的良好策略。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Two Laying Systems (Floor vs. Cage) on Egg Production, Quality and Safety 两种产蛋系统(地板和笼)产蛋质量和安全性的评价
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.4172/2168-9881.1000109
V. G. Stanley, Dacian Nelson, M. Daley
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two laying systems (floor versus cage) on egg production, egg quality, and microbial safety. One hundred and eighty 42 wk old laying hens were separated into two groups of 90 hens each, and housed in laying cages and a floor laying system. Eggs from the hens were collected for 2 weeks, and hen-day egg production, egg quality (whole egg, albumen, yolk and shell weights), saleability, and marketability were measured. Total bacteria counts on the egg shell surface were also enumerated at 0, 4 and 8 h after laying. Results indicated that hen-day egg production by hens in the cage system (95%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than production by hens from the floor system (85%), but there was no significant differences in egg weight, albumen, yolk, or shell weights. Hens housed in the cage laying systems produced significantly (P<0.05) more marketable eggs (95%) than hens housed in the floor laying system (89%). Significantly (P<0.05) more unsaleable eggs were also produced by hens in the floor laying system (11%) than in the cage system (4%). Bacteria counts on egg shells from hens of the cage laying system were significantly (P<0.05) lower at 0 and 4 h after laying (4.02 and 5.90 log cfu/mL, respectively) than counts on shells of eggs from the floor laying system (6.58 and 7.25 log cfu/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference in contamination of eggs collected 8 h after laying. Findings indicate hens housed in cages produce more eggs with higher quality and less bacterial contamination than hens house in floors laying systems.
本研究旨在评估两种产蛋系统(地板产蛋和笼产蛋)对蛋产量、蛋品质和微生物安全性的影响。180只42周龄的蛋鸡被分成两组,每组90只鸡,分别饲养在鸡蛋笼和地板上。采蛋2周,测定母鸡日产蛋量、蛋品质(全蛋、蛋白、蛋黄和壳重)、适销性和市场性。分别于产蛋后0、4、8 h对蛋壳表面细菌总数进行计数。结果表明,笼制母鸡日产蛋量(95%)显著(P<0.05)高于楼制母鸡(85%),但蛋重、蛋白、蛋黄和壳重差异不显著。笼式蛋鸡产蛋率(95%)显著高于地板式蛋鸡产蛋率(89%)(P<0.05)。地板制下蛋率(11%)显著高于笼制下蛋率(4%)(P<0.05)。在产蛋后0和4 h,笼式蛋鸡蛋壳上的细菌数量(分别为4.02和5.90 log cfu/mL)显著低于地板式蛋鸡蛋壳上的细菌数量(分别为6.58和7.25 log cfu/mL) (P<0.05)。产蛋后8 h采集的鸡蛋污染程度无显著差异。研究结果表明,笼养的母鸡比地板下的母鸡产的蛋更多,质量更好,细菌污染更少。
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引用次数: 10
Photoperiod as a Factor for Studying Fluctuations ofSeminal Traits during Breeding and Non-BreedingSeason 光周期作为研究种子性状在繁殖期和非繁殖期波动的因素
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2012-11-30 DOI: 10.5897/JCAB12.052
M. M. Pourseif, G. Moghaddam, Seyed Abbas Rafat, H. Daghighkia, A. Pourseif
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the photoperiod on the seminal traits of crossbreed wool-producing rams throughout one year period. For the effect of photoperiod, two periods were considered: decreasing daylight length (summer and autumn) and increasing daylight length (winter and spring). For this study, 5 Baluchi × Moghani (BL × MG) and 5 Arkharmerino × Moghani (AM × MG) rams were used. Semen collections were performed from first of October, 2010 to the end of September, 2011. After a training period of 2 weeks, semen ejaculates were evaluated for volume, total sperm count/ejaculate (TSE), sperm concentration, semen color, wave motion, percentage of progressive motility, percentage of live and abnormal sperm, pH, methylene blue reduction time (MBRT) and semen index (semen volume × sperm concentration/ml × live sperm% × progressive motility%). Analysis of the yearlong data showed that semen samples with the best quality were collected in September to November (P 0.05), significant seasonal variations of semen traits were observed for all seminal traits except for progressive motility, percentage of live sperm and MBRT. Although there were significant seasonal changes in seminal traits of the crosses; the fresh semen showed adequate quality to be used for breeding purposes throughout the year.
本研究的主要目的是评价一年内光周期对杂交产羊毛公羊种子性状的影响。对于光周期的影响,考虑了两个时期:日光长度减少(夏季和秋季)和日光长度增加(冬季和春季)。本试验选用5只Baluchi × Moghani (BL × MG)和5只Arkharmerino × Moghani (AM × MG)公羊。精液采集于2010年10月1日至2011年9月底。训练2周后,评估射精量、总精子数/射精量(TSE)、精子浓度、精液颜色、波动率、进行活力百分比、活精子和异常精子百分比、pH值、亚甲基蓝还原时间(MBRT)和精液指数(精液体积×精子浓度/ml ×活精子% ×进行活力%)。全年数据分析显示,9 ~ 11月是采集精液质量最好的季节(P < 0.05),除进行性活力、活精子率和MBRT外,其余精液性状均有显著的季节变化。杂交种子性状有显著的季节变化;新鲜的精液表现出足够的质量,可以全年用于育种目的。
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引用次数: 9
اثر جایگزینی سیلوی ذرت با سطوح متفاوت کاه گندم عمل آوری شده با گاز آمونیاک برعملکرد، فراسنجههای تخمیر شکمبه ای و فراسنجه های خونی تلیسه های هلشتاین 氨气、胃肥料和helsten细胞血液断裂作用下用不同水平的二氧化碳代替谷物轮廓的效果
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2012-03-20 DOI: 10.22067/IJASR.V5I4.33766
صمد صادقی, رضا ولی زاده, عباسعلی ناصریان, عبدالمنصور طهماسبی
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی جایگزینی سیلوی ذرت با سطوح متفاوت کاه گندم غنی شده با گاز آمونیاک برعملکرد، قابلیت هضم و فراسنجه های تخمیری شکمبه ای، فراسنجه های خونی فعالیت جویدن و ارزیابی اقتصادی استفاده از این دو علوفه در جیره تلیسه های هلشتاینانجام شد. 15 راس تلیسه با سن حدود 10-9 ماه در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار به مدت 2 ماه با جیره های دارای (1) 36 درصد سیلاژ ذرت،(2) 18 درصد سیلاژ ذرت + 18 درصد کاه عمل آوری شده و (3) 36درصد کاه عمل آوری شده تغذیه شدند. پرسهای کاه با 4 درصد گاز آمونیاک به مدت 30 روز عمل آوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت بین میانگین ماده خشک مصرفی و افزایش وزن روزانه و ارتفاع جدوگاه در بین تیمارها معنی دار نیست. قابلیت هضم DM، CP،ADF و NDF در تیمار 1 به طور معنی داری نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر بیشترشد. pH شکمبه ای و نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه ای در تیمار3 نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر به طور معنی داری بیشتر شدند. زمان های مصرف خوراک، نشخوار و کل جویدن در تیمار 3 بطور معنی داری بیشتر از دو تیمار دیگر بود. BUN در تیمار 3 نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر و نیز آلبومین خون در تیمار 2 نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر بطور معنی داری بیشتر شدند. غلظت گلوکز، کلسترول، TG،AST و ALT بین تیمارها تفاوت معنی داری نداشت. به طورکلی، برای هرکیلوگرم افزایش وزن، در تیمار 3 و تیمار 2 نسبت به تیمار 1 به ترتیب و 3935 ریال صرفه جویی صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کاه عمل آوری شده را می توان به طور کامل جایگزین سیلاژ ذرت در جیره تلیسه های هلشتاین کرد بدون اینکه اثر منفی بر عملکرد آنها داشته باشد.
这项研究意味着用不同水平的低成本氨气、胃排放的能力、活动性血液骨折的流量以及这两位专业人士的经济使用成本来代替谷物轮廓。赫尔斯坦的电视节目。15台俄罗斯电视摄像机,年龄约为10至9个月,完全是由3个团队意外设计的,其长度是2个月的5倍,其中谷物青贮饲料(1)36%,18%谷物青贮饲料+18%减少,3)36%减少。民意调查是用4%的氨气进行的,为期30天。结果表明,两种药物之间的干物质与日体重增加和装置高度之间的差异并不意味着。传输DM、CP、ADF和NDF的能力大于其他两种。pH气泡和氨氮在肿瘤3中比其他两个肿瘤增加。你的意思是两个以上的其他队友在吃,吃,喝。面包بتبهدو。血糖、胆固醇、TG、AST和ALT无明显差异。在土耳其,每公斤体重增加3支和2支队伍,而1支和3935支队伍。结果表明,helmetic链中的氢分子可以完全取代活性的降低,而不会对其操作产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Productive Performance of Lactating Buffaloes Fed Ration Containing Sugar Beet Tops and Corn Silages 饲粮添加甜菜顶和玉米青贮对泌乳水牛生产性能的影响
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2011-06-01 DOI: 10.21608/JAPPMU.2011.83374
H. Gaafar, E. Abdel-Raouf, M. Bendary, G. Ghanem, K. F. El-Reidy
Sixteen multiparous lactating buffaloes after 8 weeks of calving and weighing 500 to 600 kg were used in a complete switch-back design with four groups. Buffaloes in the first group were fed the control ration (R1) consisted of DM basis of 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM)+20% rice straw (RS)+20% berseem hay (BH), while in the other groups the rations consisted of DM basis of 40% CFM+20% RS+40% sugar beet tops silage (SBTS) and corn silage (CS) in different ratios; 2:1 (R2), 1:1 (R3) and 1:2 (R4), respectively. The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CF, EE and NFE, TDN value and the intake of DM and TDN increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing the level of corn silage, however, CP digestibility, DCP value and CP and DCP intake increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of sugar beet tops silage in the rations. The pH value and NH3-N concentration increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of sugar beet tops silage, however, TVFA's concentration increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of corn silage in the rations. Buffaloes fed R3 recorded the highest (P<0.05) milk and 7% FCM yield, however, those fed R1, had the lowest yield. The percentages of fat, lactose and TS increased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of corn silage, however, the percentages of protein, SNF and ash increased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of sugar beet tops silage in rations. Animals fed R3 showed the lowest amounts of DM and TDN required per kg 7% FCM and R4 the lowest amounts of CP and DCP required per kg 7% FCM, however, those fed R1 revealed the highest amounts (P<0.05).
选取16头产犊8周、体重500 ~ 600 kg的哺乳期多产水牛,采用完全倒换设计,分为4组。第一组饲喂以DM为基础的60%精料混合物(CFM)+20%稻秆(RS)+20%稻秆(BH)的对照日粮(R1),其余各组以DM为基础的40%精料混合物+20%稻秆+40%甜菜顶青贮(SBTS)和玉米青贮(CS)为不同比例的对照日粮(R1);分别为2:1 (R2), 1:1 (R3)和1:2 (R4)。随着玉米青贮水平的增加,饲粮中DM、OM、CF、EE和NFE的消化系数、DM和TDN值以及饲粮中DM和TDN的采食量显著增加(P<0.05),而CP消化率、DCP值以及CP和DCP采食量均随着甜菜顶部青贮水平的增加而显著增加(P<0.05)。饲粮中pH值和NH3-N浓度随甜菜顶青贮水平的增加而升高(P<0.05), TVFA浓度随玉米青贮水平的增加而升高(P<0.05)。R3组产奶量最高(P<0.05), FCM产奶量最高(7%),R1组产奶量最低。脂肪、乳糖和TS含量随玉米青贮水平的增加而增加(P<0.05),蛋白质、SNF和灰分含量随甜菜顶青贮水平的增加而增加(P<0.05)。饲粮R3每kg 7% FCM所需的DM和TDN最低,饲粮R4每kg 7% FCM所需的CP和DCP最低,饲粮R1最高(P<0.05)。
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引用次数: 2
Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on productive and reproductive performance of lactating buffaloes. 饲粮蛋白质和能量水平对泌乳水牛生产和繁殖性能的影响。
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2011-03-01 DOI: 10.21608/JAPPMU.2011.83371
H. Gaafar, E. Abdel-Raouf, M. Bendary, G. Ghanem, K. El-Riedy
Twenty eight lactating buffaloes were used in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement of four experimental diets including low protein-low energy (LP-LE), low protein-high energy (LPHE), high protein-low energy (HP-LE) and high protein-high energy (HP-HE). Results showed that the HPHE diet recorded the highest digestibility coefficients of CP, EE, NFE, nutritive values, TDN and DCP intake, while HP-LE diet had the highest CF digestibility (P<0.05). The HP-HE diet had the highest (P<0.05) actual milk and 7% FCM yield and the contents of protein, lactose, SNF and TS in milk, HP-LE diet had the highest fat content (P<0.05). The HP-HE diet showed the lowest amounts of DM and TDN per kg, 7% FCM, while LP-HE diet had the lowest amount of DCP per kg 7% FCM (P<0.05). The LP-HE diet recorded the lowest average daily feed cost, while HP-HE diet showed the lowest feed cost/kg 7% FCM and the highest total revenue and economic efficiency (P<0.05). Buffaloes fed HP-HE diet showed short periods from parturition to first estrus and first service, service period, days open, the lowest number of services per conception and the highest conception rate (P<0.05).
选用28头泌乳水牛,采用2×2因子设计,采用完全随机设计,分别饲喂低蛋白-低能(LP-LE)、低蛋白-高能(LPHE)、高蛋白-低能(HP-LE)和高蛋白-高能(HP-HE) 4种试验饲料。结果表明:高phe饲粮的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、营养价值、总脂肪和粗蛋白质的消化系数最高,而低hp饲粮的粗脂肪消化系数最高(P<0.05)。HP-HE饲粮的实际产奶量最高(P<0.05),脂肪含量最高(P<0.05),乳中蛋白质、乳糖、SNF和TS含量最高(P<0.05)。HP-HE饲粮每kg 7% FCM DM和TDN含量最低,LP-HE饲粮每kg 7% FCM DCP含量最低(P<0.05)。低脂-高脂饲粮的平均日饲料成本最低,而高脂-高脂饲粮的饲料成本最低,总收益和经济效益最高(P<0.05)。HP-HE饲粮的水牛从分娩到首次发情和首次受胎期短,受胎期短,开胎天数短,单胎受胎次数最少,受胎率最高(P<0.05)。
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引用次数: 1
اثر کربوهیدراتهای غیر الیافی بر قابلیت عملکرد و خصوصیات هضمی مواد مغذی در گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین 非精英碳水化合物对海尔斯坦奶牛操作能力和营养专门化能力的影响
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2007-05-16 DOI: 10.22067/IJASR.V2I1.35243
سعید کامل ارومیه, عباسعلی ناصریان, رضا ولی زاده, فاطمه هلن قانع استادقاسمی, محمد بنایان اول
جهت تعیین سطح مناسب کربوهیدرات‌های غیر الیافی و اثر آن بر ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، قابلیت هضم ظاهری ترکیبات خوراک، فراسنجه‌های شکمبه‌ای و وزن بدن تعداد 8 رأس گاو شیری هلشتاین با چند شکم زایش و میانگین روزهای شیردهی 28±107 و میانگین وزن 68±644 کیلوگرم در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 4×4 تکرار شده با دوره‌های آزمایش 21 روزه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش به ترتیب شامل 33، 36، 39 و 42 درصد NFC در ماده خشک جیره بود. از جایگزینی ذرت و کنجاله سویا با سبوس گندم جهت دستیابی به سطح مورد نیاز کربوهیدرات غیر الیافی استفاده شد. افزایش NFC جیره منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار در میزان مصرف ماده خشک، تولید شیر روزانه، FCM 5/3 درصد و پروتئین، لاکتوز و مواد جامد فاقد چربی شیر شد. این در صورتی بود که درصد چربی شیر به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. با افزایش NFC وزن بدن افزایش یافت با این حال تیمارها تأثیر معنی‌داری بر آن نداشتند. درصد ماده خشک مصرفی به ازای وزن بدن تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. میزان کل پروتئین شیر با افزایش NFC، افزایش یافت. همچنین با افزایش NFC میزان کل چربی شیر افزایش یافت، اما تأثیر معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. افزایش NFC منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام، کربوهیدرات غیر الیافی، ماده خشک و ماده آلی خوراک شد. pH و نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه با افزایش NFC کاهش پیدا کردند به طوری که این کاهش برای نیتروژن آمونیاکی معنی‌دار بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان می‌دهد که افزایش کربوهیدرات‌های غیر الیافی به طور معنی‌داری موجب افزایش تولید و اغلب ترکیبات شیر می‌شود. به نظر می‌رسد جیره‌های گاوهای شیری در ابتدای دوره شیردهی می‌بایست حاوی بیش از 36 درصد NFC در ماده خشک جیره باشد.
为了确定非α-二氧化碳的适当水平及其对干物质、生产和复合奶的影响,结合食物的能力,骨折和8头海尔斯坦奶牛的体重。28±107和68±644公斤牛奶以4×4平方升的顺序使用21天。ت。它被用来用大量的二氧化碳代替大豆中的谷物和蔬菜。NFC水平的增加导致土地利用、每日牛奶产量、FCM 5/3%、蛋白质、乳糖和脂肪固体的显著性增加。这是牛奶脂肪百分比降低的时候。然而,通过增加NFC的体重,药物对其没有任何意义。干物质的百分比不受身体重量的影响。NFC使牛奶的总蛋白质含量增加。NFC可提高牛奶的总脂肪含量,但效果不显著。NFC的增加导致除Eliafc碳水化合物、干物质和铝物质外的原蛋白质代谢增加。pH和氨氮通过增加NFC而降低,这意味着氨氮的减少。ن1;یبهدورمعن。在寒冷期开始时,奶牛的干物质中NFC含量必须超过36%。
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引用次数: 1
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Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science
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