Pub Date : 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6340
Amy E Millen, Jing Nie, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Chris A Andrews, Aladdin H Shadyab, Robert B Wallace, Sangita P Patel
{"title":"Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Hormone Therapy Clinical Trials.","authors":"Amy E Millen, Jing Nie, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Chris A Andrews, Aladdin H Shadyab, Robert B Wallace, Sangita P Patel","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6340","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14518,"journal":{"name":"JAMA ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6365
John D. Pitcher, Adrian Hock Chuan Koh, Colin S. Tan, Priya Vakharia, Nicholas Dagincourt, Shriji Patel, Ming Yang, Philippe Margaron, Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
Importance In the TENAYA and LUCERNE randomized clinical trials (RCTs), approximately 80% of study participants with treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) achieved at least every-12-week faricimab dosing at week 112. Subsequent post hoc analyses showed more rapid drying with faricimab compared with aflibercept, 2 mg, during the initial head-to-head dosing phase (weeks 0-12). Objective To investigate whether rapid drying with faricimab, specifically intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution through week 12, is associated with later treatment durability. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a post hoc analysis of faricimab-treated study participants from the TENAYA and LUCERNE RCTs, which were randomized, double-masked, multicenter, noninferiority studies of the efficacy and safety of faricimab, 6 mg, up to every 16 weeks vs aflibercept, 2 mg, every 8 weeks. Study participants in this post hoc analysis were those who had treatment-naive nAMD and were in the faricimab arm of TENAYA and LUCERNE. Data analysis was performed from July 2024 to December 2025. Intervention Faricimab, 6 mg, up to every 16 weeks after 4 loading doses (received once every 4 weeks). Following disease activity assessments at week 20 or 24, participants received fixed dosing up to every 16 weeks until week 60 and then a treat-and-extend–based dosing regimen. Main Outcomes and Measures Multinomial logistic regression modeling was used to test the association between resolution of IRF and SRF through week 12 and the faricimab treatment interval at week 20 or 24 (the first opportunity to extend treatment intervals) and at week 112 (study completion). Results This analysis included 552 participants with their dosing interval at week 20 or 24 available (265 participants with IRF and SRF resolution and 287 without resolution); among them, 478 patients had their dosing interval at 112 weeks available (223 participants with IRF and SRF resolution and 255 without resolution). Study participants with IRF and SRF resolution through week 12, compared with those without resolution through week 12, were more likely to receive every-16-week dosing than every-8-week dosing (odds ratio [OR], 1.99; 95% CI, 1.23-3.21; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .005) and to receive every-12-week dosing than every-8-week dosing (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.09-2.87; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .02) at week 20 or 24, and they were more likely to receive every-16-week dosing than every-8-week dosing at week 112 (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.10-2.83; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .02). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that rapid fluid resolution through week 12 with faricimab may be a predictor of extended durability (dosing intervals of every 12 weeks or longer) in participants with nAMD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/s
{"title":"Rapid Fluid Resolution and Durability With Faricimab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"John D. Pitcher, Adrian Hock Chuan Koh, Colin S. Tan, Priya Vakharia, Nicholas Dagincourt, Shriji Patel, Ming Yang, Philippe Margaron, Roberto Gallego-Pinazo","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6365","url":null,"abstract":"Importance In the TENAYA and LUCERNE randomized clinical trials (RCTs), approximately 80% of study participants with treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) achieved at least every-12-week faricimab dosing at week 112. Subsequent post hoc analyses showed more rapid drying with faricimab compared with aflibercept, 2 mg, during the initial head-to-head dosing phase (weeks 0-12). Objective To investigate whether rapid drying with faricimab, specifically intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution through week 12, is associated with later treatment durability. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a post hoc analysis of faricimab-treated study participants from the TENAYA and LUCERNE RCTs, which were randomized, double-masked, multicenter, noninferiority studies of the efficacy and safety of faricimab, 6 mg, up to every 16 weeks vs aflibercept, 2 mg, every 8 weeks. Study participants in this post hoc analysis were those who had treatment-naive nAMD and were in the faricimab arm of TENAYA and LUCERNE. Data analysis was performed from July 2024 to December 2025. Intervention Faricimab, 6 mg, up to every 16 weeks after 4 loading doses (received once every 4 weeks). Following disease activity assessments at week 20 or 24, participants received fixed dosing up to every 16 weeks until week 60 and then a treat-and-extend–based dosing regimen. Main Outcomes and Measures Multinomial logistic regression modeling was used to test the association between resolution of IRF and SRF through week 12 and the faricimab treatment interval at week 20 or 24 (the first opportunity to extend treatment intervals) and at week 112 (study completion). Results This analysis included 552 participants with their dosing interval at week 20 or 24 available (265 participants with IRF and SRF resolution and 287 without resolution); among them, 478 patients had their dosing interval at 112 weeks available (223 participants with IRF and SRF resolution and 255 without resolution). Study participants with IRF and SRF resolution through week 12, compared with those without resolution through week 12, were more likely to receive every-16-week dosing than every-8-week dosing (odds ratio [OR], 1.99; 95% CI, 1.23-3.21; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .005) and to receive every-12-week dosing than every-8-week dosing (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.09-2.87; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .02) at week 20 or 24, and they were more likely to receive every-16-week dosing than every-8-week dosing at week 112 (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.10-2.83; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .02). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that rapid fluid resolution through week 12 with faricimab may be a predictor of extended durability (dosing intervals of every 12 weeks or longer) in participants with nAMD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/s","PeriodicalId":14518,"journal":{"name":"JAMA ophthalmology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6351
Eva Wai Nam Wong, Chung Fai Chan, Pui San Chan
Importance B virus, or herpes B infection, is a rare zoonotic disease acquired through contact with macaques. Ocular involvement of B virus is rarely documented in literature, yet it may progress rapidly and result in blindness if not recognized promptly. Objective To present a unique case of human B virus infection with clinical features including severe central nervous system dysfunction and bilateral panuveitis in a patient with history of monkey bite. Design, Setting, and Participants This descriptive, qualitative report examined a unique case of B virus infection treated at a tertiary center in Hong Kong with in-depth analysis of clinical presentation and treatment response. The study was conducted in September 2025 and analyses were performed in November 2025. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical features of B virus–related uveitis and chorioretinitis were described in detail. Serial fundus photographs were used to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. Results The diagnosis of B virus meningoencephalitis with ocular involvement was confirmed with polymerase chain reaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous fluid. Conclusions and Relevance Ocular features of B virus infection of the reported case include anterior uveitis, vitritis, multifocal chorioretinitis, vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement. Treatment included systemic and intravitreal ganciclovir, and corticosteroids for inflammation control. Timely diagnosis and initiation of antiviral therapy are crucial for controlling B virus infection. Additional studies are required to better determine the clinical features and presentation of B virus infection in different patient demographics to reduce disease-related blindness and improve survival.
{"title":"Ocular Manifestations of Biopsy-Proven B Virus Infection with Central Nervous System Involvement","authors":"Eva Wai Nam Wong, Chung Fai Chan, Pui San Chan","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6351","url":null,"abstract":"Importance B virus, or herpes B infection, is a rare zoonotic disease acquired through contact with macaques. Ocular involvement of B virus is rarely documented in literature, yet it may progress rapidly and result in blindness if not recognized promptly. Objective To present a unique case of human B virus infection with clinical features including severe central nervous system dysfunction and bilateral panuveitis in a patient with history of monkey bite. Design, Setting, and Participants This descriptive, qualitative report examined a unique case of B virus infection treated at a tertiary center in Hong Kong with in-depth analysis of clinical presentation and treatment response. The study was conducted in September 2025 and analyses were performed in November 2025. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical features of B virus–related uveitis and chorioretinitis were described in detail. Serial fundus photographs were used to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. Results The diagnosis of B virus meningoencephalitis with ocular involvement was confirmed with polymerase chain reaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous fluid. Conclusions and Relevance Ocular features of B virus infection of the reported case include anterior uveitis, vitritis, multifocal chorioretinitis, vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement. Treatment included systemic and intravitreal ganciclovir, and corticosteroids for inflammation control. Timely diagnosis and initiation of antiviral therapy are crucial for controlling B virus infection. Additional studies are required to better determine the clinical features and presentation of B virus infection in different patient demographics to reduce disease-related blindness and improve survival.","PeriodicalId":14518,"journal":{"name":"JAMA ophthalmology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6326
Jiayue Wang, Zhenlong Ran, Ling Gao
This case report discusses the detailed visualization using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of vascular abnormalities over the optic disc in the setting of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.
{"title":"Ultra-Widefield OCTA in Leukemic Optic Infiltration","authors":"Jiayue Wang, Zhenlong Ran, Ling Gao","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6326","url":null,"abstract":"This case report discusses the detailed visualization using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of vascular abnormalities over the optic disc in the setting of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.","PeriodicalId":14518,"journal":{"name":"JAMA ophthalmology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6322
Sean T. Berkowitz, John C. Buchan, Aakriti Garg Shukla
This Viewpoint describes the incremental carbon footprint effectiveness ratio (ICFER) as a measure to assess the environmental impact of interventions in terms of carbon footprint per quality-adjusted life-year.
{"title":"Incremental Carbon Footprint Effectiveness Ratio in Ophthalmology","authors":"Sean T. Berkowitz, John C. Buchan, Aakriti Garg Shukla","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6322","url":null,"abstract":"This Viewpoint describes the incremental carbon footprint effectiveness ratio (ICFER) as a measure to assess the environmental impact of interventions in terms of carbon footprint per quality-adjusted life-year.","PeriodicalId":14518,"journal":{"name":"JAMA ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6273
Danielle N. Kundert, Tim J. Enz, Benito K. Benitez
This case report describes a diagnosis of preseptal and orbital inflammation after intravenous infusion of the bisphosphonate zoledronate for osteoporosis in a woman aged 64 years.
本病例报告描述了一名64岁女性在静脉输注双膦酸唑来膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松症后的鼻中隔和眼眶炎症的诊断。
{"title":"Bisphosphonate-Associated Orbital Inflammation","authors":"Danielle N. Kundert, Tim J. Enz, Benito K. Benitez","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6273","url":null,"abstract":"This case report describes a diagnosis of preseptal and orbital inflammation after intravenous infusion of the bisphosphonate zoledronate for osteoporosis in a woman aged 64 years.","PeriodicalId":14518,"journal":{"name":"JAMA ophthalmology","volume":"590 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6262
Kent Heberer, Adam P. Bress, Steven Cogill, Ana I. Maldonado, Sun H. Kim, Shriram Nallamshetty, Ying Q. Chen, Mei-Chiung Shih, Julie A. Lynch, Jennifer S. Lee
Importance Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are considered safe, effective medications for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and weight loss, used by millions worldwide. While their cardiometabolic benefits are well established, emerging observations suggest a potential association between GLP-1RA use and new-onset nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Objective To emulate a target trial evaluating the risk of NAION associated with initiation of semaglutide (GLP-1RA), compared with a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) as second-line therapy for T2D in a nationwide cohort of US veterans. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was conducted nationwide using data from the Veterans Health Administration health care system between March 1, 2018, and March 1, 2025. This active-comparator, new-user, target trial emulation used cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) that were estimated using overlap weighting to account for confounding. Participants included US veterans with T2D, current metformin use, and no prior GLP-1RA or SGLT2i use. Data analysis was conducted from July 2025 through September 2025. Exposure Initiation of semaglutide or any SGLT2i. Main Outcome and Measure Incident NAION, identified using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine codes. Results A total of 102 361 US veterans met inclusion criteria, including 11 478 initiators of semaglutide and 90 883 initiators of an SGLT2i. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between treatment groups after overlap weighting (mean [SD] age, 60.1 [11.7] years; body mass index, 37.8 [6.7]; hemoglobin A 1c , 7.0% [1.4]; 85.5% male and 14.5% female; 20.7% Black, 8.1% Hispanic, and 61.9% non-Hispanic White). Over a maximum follow-up of 7.5 years, 173 total incident NAION events occurred. The incidence rate of NAION was 123 per 100 000 person-years among semaglutide initiators and 67 per 100 000 person-years among SGLT2i. In 2.1 years of median follow-up, semaglutide initiators had a 2.33-fold higher risk than SGLT2i initiators (hazard ratio, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.54-3.54; P &lt; .001). The overlap weighted incidence rate of NAION was 0.29% for semaglutide initiators and 0.13% for SGLT2i initiators, with a corresponding average treatment effect of 0.16 percentage points. Conclusions and Relevance In this nationwide cohort of US veterans with T2D, semaglutide initiators had a 2-fold NAION risk than SGLT2i initiators, while the absolute risk was low. Clinicians and patients should be counseled on the rare but evident increased risk of NAION after semaglutide initiation.
胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂（GLP-1RAs）被认为是治疗2型糖尿病（T2D）和减肥的安全有效的药物，全世界有数百万人使用。虽然它们的心脏代谢益处已经得到了很好的证实，但新出现的观察结果表明，GLP-1RA的使用与新发非动脉性前缺血性视神经病变（NAION）之间存在潜在关联。目的：模拟一项目标试验，评估与西马鲁肽（GLP-1RA）起始相关的NAION风险，并将钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂（SGLT2i）作为T2D的二线治疗，在美国全国退伍军人队列中进行比较。本研究在全国范围内进行，使用2018年3月1日至2025年3月1日期间退伍军人健康管理局医疗保健系统的数据。这种主动比较器、新用户、目标试验模拟使用了特定原因的风险比（hr），该风险比是使用重叠加权来估计的，以解释混淆。参与者包括患有T2D的美国退伍军人，目前使用二甲双胍，之前没有使用GLP-1RA或SGLT2i。数据分析是从2025年7月到2025年9月进行的。开始服用西马鲁肽或任何SGLT2i。主要结果和测量事件：使用《国际疾病和相关健康问题统计分类》第十次修订版和《医学代码系统化命名法》确定的nion。结果共有102 361名美国退伍军人符合纳入标准，包括11 478名semaglutide启动者和90 883名SGLT2i启动者。重叠加权后各治疗组的基线特征平衡良好（平均[SD]年龄为60.1[11.7]岁；体重指数为37.8[6.7]；血红蛋白a1c为7.0%[1.4]；男性85.5%，女性14.5%；黑人20.7%，西班牙裔8.1%，非西班牙裔白人61.9%）。在最长7.5年的随访中，共发生173起NAION事件。在西马鲁肽启动者中，NAION的发病率为每10万人年123例，在SGLT2i中为每10万人年67例。在2.1年的中位随访中，西马鲁肽启动者的风险比SGLT2i启动者高2.33倍（风险比，2.33;95% CI, 1.54-3.54; P < .001）。semaglutide启动剂的重叠加权发生率为0.29%，SGLT2i启动剂的重叠加权发生率为0.13%，相应的平均治疗效果为0.16个百分点。结论和相关性在这个美国t2dm退伍军人的全国队列中，西马鲁肽启动者发生NAION的风险是SGLT2i启动者的2倍，但绝对风险较低。应告知临床医生和患者，在西马鲁肽启动后，罕见但明显增加的NAION风险。
{"title":"New-Onset Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Initiators of Semaglutide in US Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Kent Heberer, Adam P. Bress, Steven Cogill, Ana I. Maldonado, Sun H. Kim, Shriram Nallamshetty, Ying Q. Chen, Mei-Chiung Shih, Julie A. Lynch, Jennifer S. Lee","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6262","url":null,"abstract":"Importance Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are considered safe, effective medications for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and weight loss, used by millions worldwide. While their cardiometabolic benefits are well established, emerging observations suggest a potential association between GLP-1RA use and new-onset nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Objective To emulate a target trial evaluating the risk of NAION associated with initiation of semaglutide (GLP-1RA), compared with a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) as second-line therapy for T2D in a nationwide cohort of US veterans. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was conducted nationwide using data from the Veterans Health Administration health care system between March 1, 2018, and March 1, 2025. This active-comparator, new-user, target trial emulation used cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) that were estimated using overlap weighting to account for confounding. Participants included US veterans with T2D, current metformin use, and no prior GLP-1RA or SGLT2i use. Data analysis was conducted from July 2025 through September 2025. Exposure Initiation of semaglutide or any SGLT2i. Main Outcome and Measure Incident NAION, identified using <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision</jats:italic> and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine codes. Results A total of 102 361 US veterans met inclusion criteria, including 11 478 initiators of semaglutide and 90 883 initiators of an SGLT2i. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between treatment groups after overlap weighting (mean [SD] age, 60.1 [11.7] years; body mass index, 37.8 [6.7]; hemoglobin A <jats:sub>1c</jats:sub> , 7.0% [1.4]; 85.5% male and 14.5% female; 20.7% Black, 8.1% Hispanic, and 61.9% non-Hispanic White). Over a maximum follow-up of 7.5 years, 173 total incident NAION events occurred. The incidence rate of NAION was 123 per 100 000 person-years among semaglutide initiators and 67 per 100 000 person-years among SGLT2i. In 2.1 years of median follow-up, semaglutide initiators had a 2.33-fold higher risk than SGLT2i initiators (hazard ratio, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.54-3.54; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; .001). The overlap weighted incidence rate of NAION was 0.29% for semaglutide initiators and 0.13% for SGLT2i initiators, with a corresponding average treatment effect of 0.16 percentage points. Conclusions and Relevance In this nationwide cohort of US veterans with T2D, semaglutide initiators had a 2-fold NAION risk than SGLT2i initiators, while the absolute risk was low. Clinicians and patients should be counseled on the rare but evident increased risk of NAION after semaglutide initiation.","PeriodicalId":14518,"journal":{"name":"JAMA ophthalmology","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6244
Moshe I. Weber, Troy Karanfilian, Lalita Gupta, Anne Barmettler
This case-control study examines human papillomavirus and thyroid eye disease data from a large-scale centralized electronic health record database network.
本病例对照研究检查了来自大型集中电子健康记录数据库网络的人乳头瘤病毒和甲状腺眼病数据。
{"title":"Thyroid Eye Disease and the Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus","authors":"Moshe I. Weber, Troy Karanfilian, Lalita Gupta, Anne Barmettler","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.6244","url":null,"abstract":"This case-control study examines human papillomavirus and thyroid eye disease data from a large-scale centralized electronic health record database network.","PeriodicalId":14518,"journal":{"name":"JAMA ophthalmology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5660
Lisa A. Ostrin, Alexander W. Schill
Importance Red laser therapy (ie, repeated low-level red light) has emerged as an intervention for myopia, with widespread clinical use in Asia and increasing international consideration. However, the ocular safety of commercially available devices has not been rigorously evaluated. Objective To assess the optical output and safety classification of 4 commercially available red light therapy devices for myopia management using American National Standards Institute (ANSI) guidelines. Design and Setting This quality improvement study consisted of a laboratory-based evaluation of the Sky-n1201, Future Vision, EyeRising, and AirDoc instruments and was performed from November 25, 2023, to April 30, 2024. Radiometric power was measured with an integrating sphere radiometer at 1- and 10-cm distances through a 7-mm aperture and retinal irradiance calculated for 2- to 7-mm pupil diameters. Safety classification was investigated according to ANSI Z80.36-2021 and ANSI Z136.1-2022 standards. Data were analyzed from November 25, 2023, to September 10, 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was assessing the time to the group 1 safety limit and the ANSI device classification. This was measured by laboratory-based evaluation of 4 instruments and measuring radiometric power at various pupil diameters. Results The Sky-n1201 and EyeRising devices reached ANSI group 1 limits within exposure times of 2.8 and 1.4 seconds, respectively, for a 7-mm pupil and are classified as Class 1 and 2M laser devices, respectively. The Future Vision device reached group 1 limits under extended exposure times of 253 seconds or longer but remained within limits for Class 1 laser classification. The light-emitting diode–based AirDoc produced diffuse illumination with a time to group 1 limit of 22 761 seconds, classifying it as group 1. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that laser-based red light therapy instruments deliver irradiance levels that reach ANSI safety limits within exposure times below the recommended 180-second treatment time. These findings, combined with emerging clinical reports of retinal damage and recent regulatory reclassification of red laser devices as Class III in China, highlight the need for rigorous, independent safety validation before widespread pediatric use.
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