Nur’ain Azhar, Chee Kong Yap, R. Nulit, Hishamuddin Omar, W. M. Syazwan, Chee Seng Leow
The objective of this study was to provide the status of water quality based on a direct observation and selected water quality parameters (nitrite, ammonia, and pH) monitoring study between October-December 2022. Between October and November 2022, the levels of the above three surface water quality parameters were measured in 6 different sites throughout Putrajaya Lake. Observational pictures of the sites were also taken, and water samples were collected. In addition to the above observation and water quality monitoring study, the rainfall data was collected from 17th October 2022 to 11th December 2022, cited from the official website of Public Infobanjir (https://publicinfobanjir.water.gov.my/?lang=en) at stations Sg. Anak Gajah and Sg. Limau Manis, was also used to understand the possible correlation. However, further studies are needed. It was found that the water quality status was in good condition, making Putrajaya Lake a safe and suitable lake for aquatic life and recreational activities between October -December 2022. This could be due to the sustainable practices and rainwater harvesting system already implemented at Putrajaya Lake. Putrajaya Lake's water quality monitoring and sustainability practices were well implemented. However, regular maintenance to provide acute monitoring of water quality data at Putrajaya Lakes is necessary in the future.
{"title":"A preliminary study of direct observation and selected water quality monitoring in Putrajaya Lake: the status between October-December 2022","authors":"Nur’ain Azhar, Chee Kong Yap, R. Nulit, Hishamuddin Omar, W. M. Syazwan, Chee Seng Leow","doi":"10.18488/13.v13i1.3682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v13i1.3682","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to provide the status of water quality based on a direct observation and selected water quality parameters (nitrite, ammonia, and pH) monitoring study between October-December 2022. Between October and November 2022, the levels of the above three surface water quality parameters were measured in 6 different sites throughout Putrajaya Lake. Observational pictures of the sites were also taken, and water samples were collected. In addition to the above observation and water quality monitoring study, the rainfall data was collected from 17th October 2022 to 11th December 2022, cited from the official website of Public Infobanjir (https://publicinfobanjir.water.gov.my/?lang=en) at stations Sg. Anak Gajah and Sg. Limau Manis, was also used to understand the possible correlation. However, further studies are needed. It was found that the water quality status was in good condition, making Putrajaya Lake a safe and suitable lake for aquatic life and recreational activities between October -December 2022. This could be due to the sustainable practices and rainwater harvesting system already implemented at Putrajaya Lake. Putrajaya Lake's water quality monitoring and sustainability practices were well implemented. However, regular maintenance to provide acute monitoring of water quality data at Putrajaya Lakes is necessary in the future. ","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"137 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alfonso Rodríguez, Angie Ortega, Diego Marin, Andrea Vera, Marcello Mariz Veiga
Over 300,000 artisanal and small-scale gold mining operate in almost all Colombia. Despite the poverty alleviation characteristic of the operations in rural regions, these practices have been affecting the environment and health of operators as well as neighboring communities, mainly due to the misuse of mercury and cyanide. The most impacting activity is when processing centers use cyanide to leach Hg-contaminated tailings. This generates toxic mercury-cyanide complexes that are not frequently removed from effluents, and it is very toxic for aquatic life. A study to remove metallic mercury from tailings before cyanidation was conducted with 300 to 500 kg tailings from 15 different mining sites in Colombia using homemade copper plates covered with an electrolytic layer of silver. The experiments resulted in an average of 63% of Hg removed, and a maximum of 85%. The final Hg concentrations in the tailings reached an average of 27 to 47 ppm (depending on the analytical method) from the original grades of 75 to 125 ppm. Mercury droplets from old tailings, with acid generation, were difficult to trap by the plates. The article gives a detailed description on how to make these homemade plates and set up a zigzag cascade configuration for better results. Additional methods to adsorb or precipitate mercury from the cyanide solutions are necessary and they have been discussed.
{"title":"Homemade copper-silver plates as an alternative for cleaning mercury-contaminated tailings from artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Colombia","authors":"Alfonso Rodríguez, Angie Ortega, Diego Marin, Andrea Vera, Marcello Mariz Veiga","doi":"10.18488/13.v13i1.3681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v13i1.3681","url":null,"abstract":"Over 300,000 artisanal and small-scale gold mining operate in almost all Colombia. Despite the poverty alleviation characteristic of the operations in rural regions, these practices have been affecting the environment and health of operators as well as neighboring communities, mainly due to the misuse of mercury and cyanide. The most impacting activity is when processing centers use cyanide to leach Hg-contaminated tailings. This generates toxic mercury-cyanide complexes that are not frequently removed from effluents, and it is very toxic for aquatic life. A study to remove metallic mercury from tailings before cyanidation was conducted with 300 to 500 kg tailings from 15 different mining sites in Colombia using homemade copper plates covered with an electrolytic layer of silver. The experiments resulted in an average of 63% of Hg removed, and a maximum of 85%. The final Hg concentrations in the tailings reached an average of 27 to 47 ppm (depending on the analytical method) from the original grades of 75 to 125 ppm. Mercury droplets from old tailings, with acid generation, were difficult to trap by the plates. The article gives a detailed description on how to make these homemade plates and set up a zigzag cascade configuration for better results. Additional methods to adsorb or precipitate mercury from the cyanide solutions are necessary and they have been discussed. ","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"22 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out to examine the biostimulatory effect of pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff on remediation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel. Different rates (0, 1 and 2kg) of pig dung and 1kg of oil palm fruit chaff and were applied to diesel fuel contaminated soils at (0, 1litre and 2litre /ha) of diesel fuel respectively were used. A total of twelve (12) treatments combination with three (3) replicates each summing to thirty-six (36) plots were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The soil physicochemical parameters that were examined are pH, total organic content (TOC), nitrogen (N), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N), phosphorus (P) CEC, TPH and PAH. The results for soil physicochemical parameters showed significant variations (P<0.05) in the levels of pH, phosphorus, Cation Exchange Capacity, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) associated with pollution and biodegradation occurring within the soils, the result shows high levels in total organic carbon (TOC) and Nitrogen. Soil analysis during the experiment revealed a general negative correlation coefficient implying enhanced remediation during the trial periods. The research has shown that pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff are good biostimulatory agent in the remediation and restoration of diesel fuel polluted soil.
{"title":"Biostimulation potentials of pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff on a diesel fuel polluted soil","authors":"Uko Gift, Oriakpono Iris Okunwaye, O. Oriakpono","doi":"10.18488/13.v13i1.3638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v13i1.3638","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to examine the biostimulatory effect of pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff on remediation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel. Different rates (0, 1 and 2kg) of pig dung and 1kg of oil palm fruit chaff and were applied to diesel fuel contaminated soils at (0, 1litre and 2litre /ha) of diesel fuel respectively were used. A total of twelve (12) treatments combination with three (3) replicates each summing to thirty-six (36) plots were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The soil physicochemical parameters that were examined are pH, total organic content (TOC), nitrogen (N), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N), phosphorus (P) CEC, TPH and PAH. The results for soil physicochemical parameters showed significant variations (P<0.05) in the levels of pH, phosphorus, Cation Exchange Capacity, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) associated with pollution and biodegradation occurring within the soils, the result shows high levels in total organic carbon (TOC) and Nitrogen. Soil analysis during the experiment revealed a general negative correlation coefficient implying enhanced remediation during the trial periods. The research has shown that pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff are good biostimulatory agent in the remediation and restoration of diesel fuel polluted soil.","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"68 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out to examine the biostimulatory effect of pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff on remediation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel. Different rates (0, 1 and 2kg) of pig dung and 1kg of oil palm fruit chaff and were applied to diesel fuel contaminated soils at (0, 1litre and 2litre /ha) of diesel fuel respectively were used. A total of twelve (12) treatments combination with three (3) replicates each summing to thirty-six (36) plots were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The soil physicochemical parameters that were examined are pH, total organic content (TOC), nitrogen (N), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N), phosphorus (P) CEC, TPH and PAH. The results for soil physicochemical parameters showed significant variations (P<0.05) in the levels of pH, phosphorus, Cation Exchange Capacity, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) associated with pollution and biodegradation occurring within the soils, the result shows high levels in total organic carbon (TOC) and Nitrogen. Soil analysis during the experiment revealed a general negative correlation coefficient implying enhanced remediation during the trial periods. The research has shown that pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff are good biostimulatory agent in the remediation and restoration of diesel fuel polluted soil.
{"title":"Biostimulation potentials of pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff on a diesel fuel polluted soil","authors":"Uko Gift, Oriakpono Iris Okunwaye, O. Oriakpono","doi":"10.18488/13.v13i1.3638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v13i1.3638","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to examine the biostimulatory effect of pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff on remediation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel. Different rates (0, 1 and 2kg) of pig dung and 1kg of oil palm fruit chaff and were applied to diesel fuel contaminated soils at (0, 1litre and 2litre /ha) of diesel fuel respectively were used. A total of twelve (12) treatments combination with three (3) replicates each summing to thirty-six (36) plots were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The soil physicochemical parameters that were examined are pH, total organic content (TOC), nitrogen (N), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N), phosphorus (P) CEC, TPH and PAH. The results for soil physicochemical parameters showed significant variations (P<0.05) in the levels of pH, phosphorus, Cation Exchange Capacity, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) associated with pollution and biodegradation occurring within the soils, the result shows high levels in total organic carbon (TOC) and Nitrogen. Soil analysis during the experiment revealed a general negative correlation coefficient implying enhanced remediation during the trial periods. The research has shown that pig dung and oil palm fruit chaff are good biostimulatory agent in the remediation and restoration of diesel fuel polluted soil.","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artisanal gold mining is the leading source of anthropogenic mercury emissions worldwide. This article explores cost-effective gold leaching methods for skilled miners to address mercury's environmental and health impacts in this sector. A sample from Colombia's La Maria deposit, containing 48.87 ppm gold, ground to 80% below 0.13 mm, served as the basis for comparison. The standard whole ore amalgamation approach, commonly used by miners, resulted in less than 19% gold extraction. However, employing cyanidation with 1g/L of free cyanide extracted 84% of the gold within 24 hours. Among the unconventional processes investigated, using effluent from a local cassava processing plant as a lixiviant demonstrated promise. Two cassava varieties produced liquids with 267 and 600 mg/L of free cyanide, leading to 50.9% and 82.4% gold extraction from the ore in 24 hours, respectively. Another alternative method involved employing Dimethyl sulfoxide, a water-free reagent, as a gold-leaching lixiviant, resulting in a remarkable 96.5% gold extraction in just 2 hours. The researchers also modified the Merrill-Crowe cyanidation process by eliminating filtration and vacuum, instead utilizing bags filled with zinc (or aluminum) in the pulp. With reduced agitation to prevent aeration, over 99% of the gold precipitated on the zinc shavings within 2 hours. Furthermore, testing a hydrochloric solution (50%) with an oxidant demonstrated 83.9% and 100% gold extraction in 8 hours at ambient temperature and 50°C, respectively. It is crucial to note that successful implementation of these alternative strategies necessitates knowledge, investment, and customization to suit specific site conditions.
{"title":"Investigation of techniques to replace amalgamation in artisanal gold mining operations","authors":"Pariya Torkaman, M. Veiga, L. Lavkulich, B. Klein","doi":"10.18488/13.v12i2.3422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v12i2.3422","url":null,"abstract":"Artisanal gold mining is the leading source of anthropogenic mercury emissions worldwide. This article explores cost-effective gold leaching methods for skilled miners to address mercury's environmental and health impacts in this sector. A sample from Colombia's La Maria deposit, containing 48.87 ppm gold, ground to 80% below 0.13 mm, served as the basis for comparison. The standard whole ore amalgamation approach, commonly used by miners, resulted in less than 19% gold extraction. However, employing cyanidation with 1g/L of free cyanide extracted 84% of the gold within 24 hours. Among the unconventional processes investigated, using effluent from a local cassava processing plant as a lixiviant demonstrated promise. Two cassava varieties produced liquids with 267 and 600 mg/L of free cyanide, leading to 50.9% and 82.4% gold extraction from the ore in 24 hours, respectively. Another alternative method involved employing Dimethyl sulfoxide, a water-free reagent, as a gold-leaching lixiviant, resulting in a remarkable 96.5% gold extraction in just 2 hours. The researchers also modified the Merrill-Crowe cyanidation process by eliminating filtration and vacuum, instead utilizing bags filled with zinc (or aluminum) in the pulp. With reduced agitation to prevent aeration, over 99% of the gold precipitated on the zinc shavings within 2 hours. Furthermore, testing a hydrochloric solution (50%) with an oxidant demonstrated 83.9% and 100% gold extraction in 8 hours at ambient temperature and 50°C, respectively. It is crucial to note that successful implementation of these alternative strategies necessitates knowledge, investment, and customization to suit specific site conditions.","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126535966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A laboratory-scale evacuated tube solar collector (ETSCs) has been developed and tested for unloading conditions in Lanzhou, China. clear sky and cloudy conditions have been tested. Heat is generally considered instantaneous because it is a function of multiple instantaneous factors, like ambient temperature and solar radiation. The results show a clear sky day with a maximum and average value of ambient temperature, outlet, inlet, and solar radiation of 12 and -60C, 56 and 310C, 69 and 340C, 931 and 576W/m2, respectively, while a cloudy day was eight and -30C and 861.2 and 449W/m2 respectively. Clear sky day maximum and the average mass flow rate was 0.25 and 0.21 Kg/sec, while the cloudy flow rate was 0.27 and 0.03 Kg/sec, respectively. A clear sky has a heat loss of -0.307 and -0.05kW for a cloudy day. R square were 0.76 and 0.4 for clear sky and cloudy day, respectively. For the heat and radiation correlation relationship, a clear sky has a slope of 0.0029 and 0.0539 for a cloudy day. In other conditions, the solar radiation per unit area increases by 1 W/m2, and the daily heat is collected. Increasing A W/m2, the temperature difference between the average temperature of the hot water storage tank and the average temperature of the environment increases by one °C, and the daily heat collection decreases A W/m2. It concludes that a clear sky has much better efficiency than a cloudy day.
{"title":"Weather influence on the performance of solar collector","authors":"H. Olivier, U. Emmanuel, Hirwa Gloria","doi":"10.18488/13.v12i1.3379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v12i1.3379","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory-scale evacuated tube solar collector (ETSCs) has been developed and tested for unloading conditions in Lanzhou, China. clear sky and cloudy conditions have been tested. Heat is generally considered instantaneous because it is a function of multiple instantaneous factors, like ambient temperature and solar radiation. The results show a clear sky day with a maximum and average value of ambient temperature, outlet, inlet, and solar radiation of 12 and -60C, 56 and 310C, 69 and 340C, 931 and 576W/m2, respectively, while a cloudy day was eight and -30C and 861.2 and 449W/m2 respectively. Clear sky day maximum and the average mass flow rate was 0.25 and 0.21 Kg/sec, while the cloudy flow rate was 0.27 and 0.03 Kg/sec, respectively. A clear sky has a heat loss of -0.307 and -0.05kW for a cloudy day. R square were 0.76 and 0.4 for clear sky and cloudy day, respectively. For the heat and radiation correlation relationship, a clear sky has a slope of 0.0029 and 0.0539 for a cloudy day. In other conditions, the solar radiation per unit area increases by 1 W/m2, and the daily heat is collected. Increasing A W/m2, the temperature difference between the average temperature of the hot water storage tank and the average temperature of the environment increases by one °C, and the daily heat collection decreases A W/m2. It concludes that a clear sky has much better efficiency than a cloudy day.","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132143683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world is at the verge of catastrophe occasioned by the effect of climate change. Drastic action needs to be taken to reverse this ugly trend. Some of the proffered solutions to global warming is the adoption of renewable energy usage and a stop of fossil fuels combustion. However, the low capacity factor and energy return has been the bane on the usage of some renewable energy sources. A leeway however, exists in the technology of removal of greenhouse gases referred to as Carbon Capture. The widely adopted method being at point source because of its high concentration favouring easier processes of removal. This technology has received increased attention over the years as evident from data for the past five years. However, this technology alone cannot guarantee atmospheric CO2 levels required to maintain global temperature rise below the 1.50C mark. Negative emission technology processes of which the Direct Air Capture (DAC) is one needs to be developed. The infancy of the DAC technology and the uncertainties that surrounds its cost still pose as challenges. The cost of removing a tonne of CO2 with DAC technology can be as high as $600, this is unsustainable and has to be drastically reduced. While it is projected that DAC technology can take out 980 Metric Tonne (MT) CO2/annum by 2050, current figures stand at 0.008 MT. It is our view that the development of solid adsorbents and the harnessing of the thermal energy inherent in the sun can be a game changer.
{"title":"Climate change mitigation with carbon capture: An overview","authors":"O. Towoju, Moses Omolayo Petinrin","doi":"10.18488/13.v12i1.3327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v12i1.3327","url":null,"abstract":"The world is at the verge of catastrophe occasioned by the effect of climate change. Drastic action needs to be taken to reverse this ugly trend. Some of the proffered solutions to global warming is the adoption of renewable energy usage and a stop of fossil fuels combustion. However, the low capacity factor and energy return has been the bane on the usage of some renewable energy sources. A leeway however, exists in the technology of removal of greenhouse gases referred to as Carbon Capture. The widely adopted method being at point source because of its high concentration favouring easier processes of removal. This technology has received increased attention over the years as evident from data for the past five years. However, this technology alone cannot guarantee atmospheric CO2 levels required to maintain global temperature rise below the 1.50C mark. Negative emission technology processes of which the Direct Air Capture (DAC) is one needs to be developed. The infancy of the DAC technology and the uncertainties that surrounds its cost still pose as challenges. The cost of removing a tonne of CO2 with DAC technology can be as high as $600, this is unsustainable and has to be drastically reduced. While it is projected that DAC technology can take out 980 Metric Tonne (MT) CO2/annum by 2050, current figures stand at 0.008 MT. It is our view that the development of solid adsorbents and the harnessing of the thermal energy inherent in the sun can be a game changer.","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132083565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albert Einstein, Caesar and others have used dices as a metaphor for risks and probabilities; indirectly reverting to the experience human kind may have with natural processes in its environment contemporarily with human evolution. It will be shown for example by concentrating on the exploration of hydrocarbons that the rules of a dice-game can be used to better understand the importance of the number of ruling parameters (dices), in this case geological parameters. Especially the Rotliegend Gas Play of the North German Basin belongs to the very complex hydrocarbon systems with more than 70 independent parameters. The Dutch Rotliegend Play for comparison can be characterized by only 10 parameters and is therefore of a simple type. Processes on earth like the formation of systems of hydrocarbon fields as well as environmental systems (e.g. river systems, lakes, islands, sedimentary basins) are subordinated to the dice of nature like in a Casino and are steered invisibly by a selection of rules of the game that one understands as natural laws. The complexity of a system as well as the variedness of its “members” that may be found in anthropogenic systems as well (different properties in thinking, self-reflection, feedback-capabilities, combative and ambitious behavior of individuals with the target to climb upwards in a ranking matrix) is decided by the number of the influencing parameters, represented by dices. Like in a dice-game the exploration of hydrocarbons is unsolvable connected to luck and bad-luck, coincidence and necessity, and to past and future.
{"title":"Albert Einstein, World of Dices and Hydrocarbon System Analysis","authors":"H. Brink","doi":"10.18488/13.v11i2.3154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v11i2.3154","url":null,"abstract":"Albert Einstein, Caesar and others have used dices as a metaphor for risks and probabilities; indirectly reverting to the experience human kind may have with natural processes in its environment contemporarily with human evolution. It will be shown for example by concentrating on the exploration of hydrocarbons that the rules of a dice-game can be used to better understand the importance of the number of ruling parameters (dices), in this case geological parameters. Especially the Rotliegend Gas Play of the North German Basin belongs to the very complex hydrocarbon systems with more than 70 independent parameters. The Dutch Rotliegend Play for comparison can be characterized by only 10 parameters and is therefore of a simple type. Processes on earth like the formation of systems of hydrocarbon fields as well as environmental systems (e.g. river systems, lakes, islands, sedimentary basins) are subordinated to the dice of nature like in a Casino and are steered invisibly by a selection of rules of the game that one understands as natural laws. The complexity of a system as well as the variedness of its “members” that may be found in anthropogenic systems as well (different properties in thinking, self-reflection, feedback-capabilities, combative and ambitious behavior of individuals with the target to climb upwards in a ranking matrix) is decided by the number of the influencing parameters, represented by dices. Like in a dice-game the exploration of hydrocarbons is unsolvable connected to luck and bad-luck, coincidence and necessity, and to past and future.","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130139990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charging large fleets of electric ride-hailing vehicles (ERVs) is a complex matter that could serve different objectives: lower carbon dioxide emissions, lower monetary expenditures, or maximize solar photovoltaics (PV) energy consumption. Currently, it is unclear how each of those objectives could impact the business and performance of a ride-hailing fleet. In order to fill this gap, this article employs a dynamic transportation model: a smart charging simulation that combines agent-based, discrete-event, and system dynamic modelling by comparing the above-mentioned objectives in separate scenarios. The results show that each scenario successfully manages to shift between 34% and 87% of all load to hours of the day when the objectives of those scenarios are met. Therefore, in comparison to the baseline, smart charging can save between 5% and 26% of monthly emissions and between 4% and 57% of monthly expenditures. The solar PV scenario, however, results in the highest savings, while ensuring profitable economics via net metering in the short- as well as long term. Finally, the sensitivity analysis points to important trade-offs between several fleet performance metrics. The article concludes by giving business and policy recommendations for maximising the economic, energy and environmental efficiency of large ERV fleets.
{"title":"Smart Charging for Electric Ride-Hailing Vehicles using Renewables: A San Francisco Case Study","authors":"Stefania Mitova, Alejandro Henao, Rudy Kahsar, Carson JQ Farmer","doi":"10.18488/13.v11i2.3081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v11i2.3081","url":null,"abstract":"Charging large fleets of electric ride-hailing vehicles (ERVs) is a complex matter that could serve different objectives: lower carbon dioxide emissions, lower monetary expenditures, or maximize solar photovoltaics (PV) energy consumption. Currently, it is unclear how each of those objectives could impact the business and performance of a ride-hailing fleet. In order to fill this gap, this article employs a dynamic transportation model: a smart charging simulation that combines agent-based, discrete-event, and system dynamic modelling by comparing the above-mentioned objectives in separate scenarios. The results show that each scenario successfully manages to shift between 34% and 87% of all load to hours of the day when the objectives of those scenarios are met. Therefore, in comparison to the baseline, smart charging can save between 5% and 26% of monthly emissions and between 4% and 57% of monthly expenditures. The solar PV scenario, however, results in the highest savings, while ensuring profitable economics via net metering in the short- as well as long term. Finally, the sensitivity analysis points to important trade-offs between several fleet performance metrics. The article concludes by giving business and policy recommendations for maximising the economic, energy and environmental efficiency of large ERV fleets.","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127060305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ninduangdee, Suraset Paphan, Chuangchai Chupava
This study aimed to experimentally investigate the effects of dry flue gas on biomass torrefaction. In this work, an oil palm frond (OPF) was torrefied in a laboratory-scale horizontal torrefaction reactor at temperatures of 240, 260, and 280 °C, with a residence time of 20 and 40 min, using dry flue gas with variable compositions (N2/CO2/O2: 76/16/8, 80/14/6, and 74/12/4). In addition, the experiments of conventional torrefaction were conducted for comparison. The effects of operating parameters on mass yield, the proximate and ultimate analysis, and the heating value of the fuel were investigated. The proposed method improved the fuel property of OPF substantially. With dry flue gas, OPF had lower moisture and volatile, and higher fixed carbon. The heating value of the selected biomass increased from 14.6 MJ/kg to 25.8 MJ/kg. Therefore, torrefaction using dry flue gas exhibited a potential for practical use for the biomass fuel pre-treatment method. However, this method resulted in a decreased mass yield and, consequently, the energy yield of the sample compared to conventional torrefaction.
{"title":"Torrefaction of Oil Palm Frond using Dry Flue Gas","authors":"P. Ninduangdee, Suraset Paphan, Chuangchai Chupava","doi":"10.18488/13.v11i1.3060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/13.v11i1.3060","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to experimentally investigate the effects of dry flue gas on biomass torrefaction. In this work, an oil palm frond (OPF) was torrefied in a laboratory-scale horizontal torrefaction reactor at temperatures of 240, 260, and 280 °C, with a residence time of 20 and 40 min, using dry flue gas with variable compositions (N2/CO2/O2: 76/16/8, 80/14/6, and 74/12/4). In addition, the experiments of conventional torrefaction were conducted for comparison. The effects of operating parameters on mass yield, the proximate and ultimate analysis, and the heating value of the fuel were investigated. The proposed method improved the fuel property of OPF substantially. With dry flue gas, OPF had lower moisture and volatile, and higher fixed carbon. The heating value of the selected biomass increased from 14.6 MJ/kg to 25.8 MJ/kg. Therefore, torrefaction using dry flue gas exhibited a potential for practical use for the biomass fuel pre-treatment method. However, this method resulted in a decreased mass yield and, consequently, the energy yield of the sample compared to conventional torrefaction.","PeriodicalId":145301,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129440475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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