Medical emergencies are part of the common daily lives of people in developing and underdeveloped economies. Frequently, some of these medical emergencies end up tragically for many people in these countries due to many reasons, among which is the delivery of medical treatment when the patient is uncommunicative or unresponsive. The ability of the attending medical personnel to access a patient’s medical history is critical for the quality of the treatment rendered. Unfortunately, today many lives are lost in low income economies during medical emergencies due to lack or inaccessibility of a patient’s medical information. One of the major contributing factors of this paucity in records is attributable to the absence of reliable and costefficient healthcare delivery systems that support patient identification and verification. Due to the current ubiquity of mobile devices with their concomitant digital cameras, this paper explores the feasibility and practicability of using mobile platform and facial recognition technology as a means to deploying a cost-efficient system for reliable patient identification and verification.
{"title":"MOBILE FACIAL RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR PATIENT IDENTIFICATION IN MEDICAL EMERGENCIES FOR DEVELOPING ECONOMIES","authors":"K. C. Nwosu","doi":"10.13014/K2DF6PD6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13014/K2DF6PD6","url":null,"abstract":"Medical emergencies are part of the common daily lives of people in developing and underdeveloped economies. Frequently, some of these medical emergencies end up tragically for many people in these countries due to many reasons, among which is the delivery of medical treatment when the patient is uncommunicative or unresponsive. The ability of the attending medical personnel to access a patient’s medical history is critical for the quality of the treatment rendered. Unfortunately, today many lives are lost in low income economies during medical emergencies due to lack or inaccessibility of a patient’s medical information. One of the major contributing factors of this paucity in records is attributable to the absence of reliable and costefficient healthcare delivery systems that support patient identification and verification. Due to the current ubiquity of mobile devices with their concomitant digital cameras, this paper explores the feasibility and practicability of using mobile platform and facial recognition technology as a means to deploying a cost-efficient system for reliable patient identification and verification.","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129256812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Homeownership remains a preferred form of tenancy in different parts of the world. The attractions of security, stability, investment potential and a sense of pride outweigh the fear of price instability. For this reason, the Colombian government has encouraged in recent years, various demand policies that have sought to promote the increase in the number of homeowners. However, these ideas could have a severe impact on prices in the real estate market. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the effect of homeownership rate on new house prices in an emerging country with low real estate ownership, credit restrictions and average per capita income. The study uses panel data model to examine the influence of housing tenancy and other variables on the variation of housing prices in Colombia. Data were obtained from various sources including the Central Bank of Colombia, Financial Superintendence of Colombia, and National Administrative Department of Statistics of Colombia. The results show that homeownership rates have a positive effect on the price of new homes, which supports the hypothesis of the research. The population growth of the cities is the factor that is most relevant when explaining the price variations.
{"title":"Homeownership Rate and Other House Price Determinants\u0000Impacts on New House Prices in Colombia","authors":"Héctor Alberto Botello-Peñaloza","doi":"10.32873/UNL.DC.JADE913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/UNL.DC.JADE913","url":null,"abstract":"Homeownership remains a preferred form of tenancy in different parts of the world. The\u0000attractions of security, stability, investment potential and a sense of pride outweigh the fear of\u0000price instability. For this reason, the Colombian government has encouraged in recent years,\u0000various demand policies that have sought to promote the increase in the number of homeowners.\u0000However, these ideas could have a severe impact on prices in the real estate market. Therefore,\u0000this study seeks to examine the effect of homeownership rate on new house prices in an emerging\u0000country with low real estate ownership, credit restrictions and average per capita income. The\u0000study uses panel data model to examine the influence of housing tenancy and other variables on\u0000the variation of housing prices in Colombia. Data were obtained from various sources including\u0000the Central Bank of Colombia, Financial Superintendence of Colombia, and National\u0000Administrative Department of Statistics of Colombia. The results show that homeownership rates\u0000have a positive effect on the price of new homes, which supports the hypothesis of the research.\u0000The population growth of the cities is the factor that is most relevant when explaining the price\u0000variations.","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121338534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Akinbode, J. Olabisi, Remilekun R. Adegbite, T. Aderemi, Abimbola M. Alawode
Aside economic factors causing low human development which have been extensively studied in literature, the implications of high level of corruption and weak governance prevalent in sub- Saharan African (SSA) countries have not been explored. The study assessed the effects of corruption, government effectiveness and their joint effect on human development in SSA. Data collected on thirty-seven (37) countries within the period of 2005 to 2018 were analyzed using system Generalized Method of Moment which was most suitable for the dataset. Results indicated that lagged human development index (P<0.01), government effectiveness (P<0.05), economic growth rate (P<0.1) and government health spending (P<0.1) had significant positive effect on human development while corruption and its interaction with government effectiveness did not. The results of Arrelano-Bond test of first order autocorrelation and second order autocorrelation of error term as well as the Sargan test and Hansen J test for validity of instrumental variables confirmed the validity of the model. The robustness of the estimation was established as the coefficient of the lagged dependent variable fell between the values in the fixed effect and pooled ordinary least square regression. The study recommended retraining and reorientation of government employees towards the mindset of effective service delivery and strong political will to achieve it, diversification of SSA economies alongside other growth stimulating policies such as reduced lending interest rate on loans meant for the real sector, improvement in the ease of doing business, improved funding of the health sector and proper monitoring of activities in the public service by concerned agencies to curb corruption where it is present.
{"title":"Corruption, Government Effectiveness and Human Development\u0000in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"S. Akinbode, J. Olabisi, Remilekun R. Adegbite, T. Aderemi, Abimbola M. Alawode","doi":"10.32873/UNL.DC.JADE912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/UNL.DC.JADE912","url":null,"abstract":"Aside economic factors causing low human development which have been extensively studied in\u0000literature, the implications of high level of corruption and weak governance prevalent in sub-\u0000Saharan African (SSA) countries have not been explored. The study assessed the effects of\u0000corruption, government effectiveness and their joint effect on human development in SSA. Data\u0000collected on thirty-seven (37) countries within the period of 2005 to 2018 were analyzed using\u0000system Generalized Method of Moment which was most suitable for the dataset. Results indicated\u0000that lagged human development index (P<0.01), government effectiveness (P<0.05), economic\u0000growth rate (P<0.1) and government health spending (P<0.1) had significant positive effect on\u0000human development while corruption and its interaction with government effectiveness did not.\u0000The results of Arrelano-Bond test of first order autocorrelation and second order autocorrelation\u0000of error term as well as the Sargan test and Hansen J test for validity of instrumental variables\u0000confirmed the validity of the model. The robustness of the estimation was established as the\u0000coefficient of the lagged dependent variable fell between the values in the fixed effect and pooled\u0000ordinary least square regression. The study recommended retraining and reorientation of\u0000government employees towards the mindset of effective service delivery and strong political will\u0000to achieve it, diversification of SSA economies alongside other growth stimulating policies such\u0000as reduced lending interest rate on loans meant for the real sector, improvement in the ease of\u0000doing business, improved funding of the health sector and proper monitoring of activities in the\u0000public service by concerned agencies to curb corruption where it is present.","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126777145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study, employing descriptive statistics and the Endogenous Switching Model, examined the link between credit constrained condition and agricultural productivity of rural households in Nigeria. Findings show that under credit constrained condition, education, labour, technology and other production inputs were not optimally utilized by the households. Credit constrained households had lower productivity than a random household from the sample would have had. However, in credit constrained households, being a male-headed household implied higher productivity. On the other hand, high value of assets and cost of hired labour had negative effects on productivity, while level of education and access to information had no significant effects. The study thus recommended intensification of efforts at ensuring the formulation of rural credit policies that will provide access to a reasonable amount of credit to rural households to secure required farm inputs, while formal credit institutions should diversify their loan scheme to incorporate different financial needs of the households.
{"title":"Credit Constraints and Agricultural Productivity of Rural Households in\u0000Nigeria","authors":"Olugbenga K. Omolade, A. Adepoju","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.jade811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.jade811","url":null,"abstract":"This study, employing descriptive statistics and the Endogenous Switching Model, examined the link between credit constrained condition and agricultural productivity of rural households in Nigeria. Findings show that under credit constrained condition, education, labour, technology and other production inputs were not optimally utilized by the households. Credit constrained households had lower productivity than a random household from the sample would have had. However, in credit constrained households, being a male-headed household implied higher productivity. On the other hand, high value of assets and cost of hired labour had negative effects on productivity, while level of education and access to information had no significant effects. The study thus recommended intensification of efforts at ensuring the formulation of rural credit policies that will provide access to a reasonable amount of credit to rural households to secure required farm inputs, while formal credit institutions should diversify their loan scheme to incorporate different financial needs of the households.","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126719939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.jade1013
Oguejiofor Okorie, U. Okon, A. Enete
{"title":"Profit Efficiency Analysis of Cassava Production in Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Oguejiofor Okorie, U. Okon, A. Enete","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.jade1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.jade1013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126058834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.jade1012
O. Newman
{"title":"Export Promotion as a Development Strategy: Evidence from Selected\u0000Southeast Asian Countries and Lessons for Ghana","authors":"O. Newman","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.jade1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.jade1012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129205785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper compares unitary and collective models of investment in children in the context of a polygynous family structure (with multiple wives) using a Living Standards Measurement Survey from Côte d’Ivoire. I examine whether the mother’s rank in the household whether she is a senior (first) or junior wife influences her child’s school enrollment, school expenditures, work activities, and educational attainment in early adulthood. I find that being the child of a senior wife positively affects enrollment and school expenditures at the middle school ages, relative to being the child of a junior wife. The children of junior wives participate more in home production, suggesting they are performing tasks that allow the children of senior wives to attend school. Senior children accumulate an additional year of education by their early twenties, leaving junior children at a long term educational disadvantage. The results of fixed effects regressions which take account of unobserved heterogeneity of the fathers are consistent with the evidence of the OLS estimates although imprecisely estimated. This evidence that rank affects investments in children is consistent with the credit-constrained collective model presented in the paper. Thanks to Chris Paxson, Anne Case and Bo Honoré and to Eric Edmonds, Chrissy Eibner, Angie Fertig, Aprajit Mahajan, Doug Miller, Lalith Munasinghe, Elsie Pan, and Alessandro Tarozzi. All errors are mine.
{"title":"All For One Or Each For Her Own: Do Polygamous Families Share and\u0000Share Alike?","authors":"Kristin Mammen","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.jade814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.jade814","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares unitary and collective models of investment in children in the context of a polygynous family structure (with multiple wives) using a Living Standards Measurement Survey from Côte d’Ivoire. I examine whether the mother’s rank in the household whether she is a senior (first) or junior wife influences her child’s school enrollment, school expenditures, work activities, and educational attainment in early adulthood. I find that being the child of a senior wife positively affects enrollment and school expenditures at the middle school ages, relative to being the child of a junior wife. The children of junior wives participate more in home production, suggesting they are performing tasks that allow the children of senior wives to attend school. Senior children accumulate an additional year of education by their early twenties, leaving junior children at a long term educational disadvantage. The results of fixed effects regressions which take account of unobserved heterogeneity of the fathers are consistent with the evidence of the OLS estimates although imprecisely estimated. This evidence that rank affects investments in children is consistent with the credit-constrained collective model presented in the paper. Thanks to Chris Paxson, Anne Case and Bo Honoré and to Eric Edmonds, Chrissy Eibner, Angie Fertig, Aprajit Mahajan, Doug Miller, Lalith Munasinghe, Elsie Pan, and Alessandro Tarozzi. All errors are mine.","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132859554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32873/unl.dc.jade1011
Benjamin B. Boozer
{"title":"The Effects of Tax Policies on Entrepreneurship in Emerging Versus Mature\u0000Economies: Do Differences Exist Between Nascent and Established Firms?","authors":"Benjamin B. Boozer","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.jade1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.jade1011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126350265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is unarguable that many countries within the developing economies have not been able to reap many of the benefits from the innovations in Computer and Information Technologies (CIT) as they pertain to the advances in healthcare delivery systems. The contributing factors to the problems in these countries are multifaceted, such as, ethnic, cultural, environmental, governance, and infrastructural. To address these problems, current efforts have focused mostly on the issues of disease control and management. However, insufficient attention has been given to the concomitant problems of medication (drug / prescription) management especially as they relate to information management between patients, physicians, and pharmacists. In most of these countries, the absence of integrated and reliable system for management and maintenance of a patient’s medical history exposes a patient to prescription and dispensation errors and/or mistakes by physicians and pharmacists, respectively. In this paper, taking cognizance of the infrastructural and other applicable impediments and deficiencies, the design and implementation of a mobilebased system (henceforth referred to as “iRx”) is presented. This system enables patients, physicians, and pharmacists to reliably interact in managing and maintaining an individual’s drug history. This management is subject to the patient’s authorization for anyone to access the applicable information.
{"title":"A Mobile Solution to Drug Prescription and Dispensation with Privacy\u0000Protection for Developing Economies","authors":"K. C. Nwosu","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.jade812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.jade812","url":null,"abstract":"It is unarguable that many countries within the developing economies have not been able to reap many of the benefits from the innovations in Computer and Information Technologies (CIT) as they pertain to the advances in healthcare delivery systems. The contributing factors to the problems in these countries are multifaceted, such as, ethnic, cultural, environmental, governance, and infrastructural. To address these problems, current efforts have focused mostly on the issues of disease control and management. However, insufficient attention has been given to the concomitant problems of medication (drug / prescription) management especially as they relate to information management between patients, physicians, and pharmacists. In most of these countries, the absence of integrated and reliable system for management and maintenance of a patient’s medical history exposes a patient to prescription and dispensation errors and/or mistakes by physicians and pharmacists, respectively. In this paper, taking cognizance of the infrastructural and other applicable impediments and deficiencies, the design and implementation of a mobilebased system (henceforth referred to as “iRx”) is presented. This system enables patients, physicians, and pharmacists to reliably interact in managing and maintaining an individual’s drug history. This management is subject to the patient’s authorization for anyone to access the applicable information.","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114678645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Dare, I. Ayinde, A. Shittu, S. O. Sam-Wobo, S. Akinbode
This study determined the factors that influence the economic burden of water-borne diseases and the associated financial cost for rural households in southwestern Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select four hundred and thirty-seven rural households from whom data were collected for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cost of illness approach. The results revealed that an average household had six members with an average quarterly income of N80,717.52 (N160.00 = 1US dollar, at time of study). The sum of N28,571.36 was incurred as economic cost of water-borne diseases per household per quarter in the study area. Gender (p<0.05), access to safe water (P<0.1), cholera epidemic (p<0.01), diarrhoea infection (p<0.1), access to improved toilet (p<0.1) and State dummy (p<0.01) were the significant factors affecting economic burden of water-borne diseases in the study area. The study therefore recommends that rural households should consume quality water or water from improved sources (borehole and well water) so as to combat water-borne diseases. They should also seek medical attention when they fall ill. In the same vein, the three tiers of government (federal, state and local) should give more priority to sensitizing rural households on water-borne diseases control programs in order to prevent economic losses resulting from loss of income and shortage of food supply.
{"title":"Determinants of Cost of Treating Water-Borne Diseases Among Rural\u0000Households in South West Nigeria","authors":"A. M. Dare, I. Ayinde, A. Shittu, S. O. Sam-Wobo, S. Akinbode","doi":"10.32873/unl.dc.jade813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.jade813","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the factors that influence the economic burden of water-borne diseases and the associated financial cost for rural households in southwestern Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select four hundred and thirty-seven rural households from whom data were collected for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cost of illness approach. The results revealed that an average household had six members with an average quarterly income of N80,717.52 (N160.00 = 1US dollar, at time of study). The sum of N28,571.36 was incurred as economic cost of water-borne diseases per household per quarter in the study area. Gender (p<0.05), access to safe water (P<0.1), cholera epidemic (p<0.01), diarrhoea infection (p<0.1), access to improved toilet (p<0.1) and State dummy (p<0.01) were the significant factors affecting economic burden of water-borne diseases in the study area. The study therefore recommends that rural households should consume quality water or water from improved sources (borehole and well water) so as to combat water-borne diseases. They should also seek medical attention when they fall ill. In the same vein, the three tiers of government (federal, state and local) should give more priority to sensitizing rural households on water-borne diseases control programs in order to prevent economic losses resulting from loss of income and shortage of food supply.","PeriodicalId":145327,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132677744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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