M. Ghanbari, A. Mokhtassi‐Bidgoli, K. M. Ghanaei-Pashaki, Soheil Karamniya
Introduction: a it produces containing high The major of salinity in germination of higher plants is due to excessive of sodium osmotic disruption of nutrient uptake and transport, and direct effects of ionic toxicity on the membrane and enzymatic systems that in turn reduce germination. External use of methyl jasmonate can modulate the effects of various stresses, such as salinity and drought, by increasing the antioxidant activity of the seed. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate and salinity stress on germination and enzymatic properties of Mung bean. Material and Method: This study was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications during 2015-16 at the laboratory of Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University. The experimental treatments included four methyl jasmonate solution (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and four salinity stress levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 dS/m salinity from NaCl). Petri dishes were placed in a germinator at 25 ° C and in full darkness for 14 days. In this experiment, germination rate and percentage, time to reach 50% germination, alpha and beta amylase, catalase and peroxidase were measured. Results: The results of the experiment showed that the lowest rate of slope and final germination percentage were obtained in 50 and 100 mM solutions of methyl jasmonate. In terms of T50, an increase of 4.7 days was observed per one dS/m increase in salinity stress and the lowest T50 was estimated at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 78.68 mM. In terms of the activity of germination enzymes, reduction of 0.031 μmol/ml/min per 1 dS.m increase in salinity stress and the highest amount of α-amylase were estimated 72.6 μmol/ml/min at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 73.33 mM. Also, the lowest activity of β-amylase enzyme was 0.79 μmol/ml/min at a concentration of 5.6 dS/m salinity stress and the highest activity of β-amylase enzyme was estimated to be 1.7 μmol/ml/min at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 86.67 mM. The highest activity of catalase (25.7 ∆A/mg protein/min) was observed at 14.72 dS/m salinity stress and the lowest activity of catalase enzyme (8.9 ∆A/mg protein/min) was estimated at 5.88 mM methyl jasmonate solution. The highest activity of peroxidase enzyme (22.06 ∆A/mg protein/min) was at 24.3 dS/m salinity stress and the lowest activity of the enzyme peroxidase (2.5 ∆A/ mg protein/min) was determined at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 266.66 mM. Conclusions: germination the rate of stress during germination.
{"title":"Germination Characteristics and Enzyme Activity of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) in Response to Methyl Jasmonate and Salinity Treatments","authors":"M. Ghanbari, A. Mokhtassi‐Bidgoli, K. M. Ghanaei-Pashaki, Soheil Karamniya","doi":"10.29252/YUJS.7.1.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/YUJS.7.1.83","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: a it produces containing high The major of salinity in germination of higher plants is due to excessive of sodium osmotic disruption of nutrient uptake and transport, and direct effects of ionic toxicity on the membrane and enzymatic systems that in turn reduce germination. External use of methyl jasmonate can modulate the effects of various stresses, such as salinity and drought, by increasing the antioxidant activity of the seed. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate and salinity stress on germination and enzymatic properties of Mung bean. Material and Method: This study was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications during 2015-16 at the laboratory of Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University. The experimental treatments included four methyl jasmonate solution (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and four salinity stress levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 dS/m salinity from NaCl). Petri dishes were placed in a germinator at 25 ° C and in full darkness for 14 days. In this experiment, germination rate and percentage, time to reach 50% germination, alpha and beta amylase, catalase and peroxidase were measured. Results: The results of the experiment showed that the lowest rate of slope and final germination percentage were obtained in 50 and 100 mM solutions of methyl jasmonate. In terms of T50, an increase of 4.7 days was observed per one dS/m increase in salinity stress and the lowest T50 was estimated at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 78.68 mM. In terms of the activity of germination enzymes, reduction of 0.031 μmol/ml/min per 1 dS.m increase in salinity stress and the highest amount of α-amylase were estimated 72.6 μmol/ml/min at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 73.33 mM. Also, the lowest activity of β-amylase enzyme was 0.79 μmol/ml/min at a concentration of 5.6 dS/m salinity stress and the highest activity of β-amylase enzyme was estimated to be 1.7 μmol/ml/min at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 86.67 mM. The highest activity of catalase (25.7 ∆A/mg protein/min) was observed at 14.72 dS/m salinity stress and the lowest activity of catalase enzyme (8.9 ∆A/mg protein/min) was estimated at 5.88 mM methyl jasmonate solution. The highest activity of peroxidase enzyme (22.06 ∆A/mg protein/min) was at 24.3 dS/m salinity stress and the lowest activity of the enzyme peroxidase (2.5 ∆A/ mg protein/min) was determined at a methyl jasmonate solution concentration of 266.66 mM. Conclusions: germination the rate of stress during germination.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88071934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sweet corn ( Zea mays var. saccharata) is a corn variety that is distinguished from other varieties due to the presence of genes that affect starch production in the endosperm. Given that the most of plants including sweet corn face with problems such as non- uniform germination and poor seed emergence in the early stages of germination. Thus, the use of organic stimulants is one of the ways to reduce the harmful effects of non-biological stresses, increase seed germination, uniform appearance and increase their yield and quality. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chitosan on seed germination and some biochemical traits of sweet corn under osmotic potential conditions. Materials and Methods: To investigate the effect of chitosan and osmotic stress on germination and biochemical parameters of sweet corn, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University in 2017. The first factor was osmotic stress at 0, -3, -6, and -9 bar osmotic potentials and the second factor was pre-treatment at five levels of chitosan zero, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% and one level of distilled water. The seeds were immersed in the desired solutions of chitosan for 3 hours at 25 °C and under dark conditions, and then the pre-treated seeds were germinated under standard germination condition. In each petri dish, 25 seeds were placed on a filter paper and osmotic potential was applied using polyethylene glycol 6000. Seed germination was carried out in the germinator at 25 ± 1 ° C for 7 days under dark conditions. The germination traits and biochemical traits were measured according to standard methods . Results: Osmotic stress reduced germination percentage and germination rate, seedling vigour length index, germination uniformity coefficient, allometric coefficient, and soluble protein content and also increased the mean germination time, proline, soluble sugar content and hydrogen peroxide. Pre-treatment of seeds with a concentration of 0.5% chitosan increased protein, proline, and soluble sugars content at all osmotic stress levels. At the osmotic stress levels, the highest and lowest levels of hydrogen peroxide respectively were observed in 0.5% chitosan treatment and distilled water treatment. The results showed that pre-treatment with 0.5% chitosan increased germination percentage and rate and seedling vigour length index, and also reduced the mean germination time and malondialdehyde. Pre-treatment of seed with zero and 1% chitosan led to reduction in some of the germination and biochemical traits in comparison with 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% chitosan. Conclusions: The results showed that seed treatment with 0.5% chitosan could reduce the harmful effects of osmotic potential on some germination and biochemical traits in sweet corn seedlings and improve seedling growth.
甜玉米(Zea mays var. saccharata)是一种玉米品种，由于存在影响胚乳中淀粉产生的基因而与其他品种区别开来。考虑到包括甜玉米在内的大多数植物在萌发初期都面临着发芽不均匀、出苗率差等问题。因此，有机刺激剂的使用是减少非生物胁迫的有害影响，提高种子发芽率，均匀外观，提高产量和质量的途径之一。在渗透电位条件下，研究了不同浓度壳聚糖对甜玉米种子萌发及部分生化性状的影响。材料与方法:为研究壳聚糖和渗透胁迫对甜玉米发芽及生化指标的影响，于2017年在Yasouj大学农学院种子技术实验室采用完全随机设计、4个重复的因子试验。第一个影响因素是0、-3、-6和-9 bar渗透电位下的渗透胁迫，第二个影响因素是0、0.25%、0.5%、0.75%和1% 5个水平的壳聚糖和1个水平的蒸馏水预处理。在25°C和黑暗条件下，将种子浸泡在所需的壳聚糖溶液中3小时，然后在标准萌发条件下萌发预处理的种子。在每个培养皿中，将25粒种子放在滤纸上，用聚乙二醇6000施加渗透势。在黑暗条件下，在25±1℃的萌发器中萌发7天。按标准方法测定发芽性状和生化性状。结果:渗透胁迫降低了种子的发芽率、发芽率、幼苗活力长度指数、发芽均匀系数、异速生长系数和可溶性蛋白含量，提高了平均发芽时间、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和过氧化氢含量。在所有渗透胁迫水平下，用浓度为0.5%的壳聚糖预处理种子可提高蛋白质、脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量。在渗透胁迫水平下，0.5%壳聚糖处理和蒸馏水处理的过氧化氢含量分别最高和最低。结果表明，0.5%壳聚糖预处理提高了芽苗率、发芽率和幼苗活力指数，降低了平均发芽时间和丙二醛。与0.25、0.5和0.75%壳聚糖预处理相比，0和1%壳聚糖预处理导致种子的一些发芽和生化特性降低。结论:0.5%壳聚糖处理能降低渗透势对甜玉米幼苗部分发芽和生化特性的有害影响，促进幼苗生长。
{"title":"Effect of Different Chitosan Concentrations on Seed Germination and Some Biochemical Traits of Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. Saccharata) Seedling under Osmotic Stress Conditions","authors":"Roya Behboud, A. Moradi, H. Farajee","doi":"10.29252/YUJS.7.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/YUJS.7.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sweet corn ( Zea mays var. saccharata) is a corn variety that is distinguished from other varieties due to the presence of genes that affect starch production in the endosperm. Given that the most of plants including sweet corn face with problems such as non- uniform germination and poor seed emergence in the early stages of germination. Thus, the use of organic stimulants is one of the ways to reduce the harmful effects of non-biological stresses, increase seed germination, uniform appearance and increase their yield and quality. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chitosan on seed germination and some biochemical traits of sweet corn under osmotic potential conditions. Materials and Methods: To investigate the effect of chitosan and osmotic stress on germination and biochemical parameters of sweet corn, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University in 2017. The first factor was osmotic stress at 0, -3, -6, and -9 bar osmotic potentials and the second factor was pre-treatment at five levels of chitosan zero, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% and one level of distilled water. The seeds were immersed in the desired solutions of chitosan for 3 hours at 25 °C and under dark conditions, and then the pre-treated seeds were germinated under standard germination condition. In each petri dish, 25 seeds were placed on a filter paper and osmotic potential was applied using polyethylene glycol 6000. Seed germination was carried out in the germinator at 25 ± 1 ° C for 7 days under dark conditions. The germination traits and biochemical traits were measured according to standard methods . Results: Osmotic stress reduced germination percentage and germination rate, seedling vigour length index, germination uniformity coefficient, allometric coefficient, and soluble protein content and also increased the mean germination time, proline, soluble sugar content and hydrogen peroxide. Pre-treatment of seeds with a concentration of 0.5% chitosan increased protein, proline, and soluble sugars content at all osmotic stress levels. At the osmotic stress levels, the highest and lowest levels of hydrogen peroxide respectively were observed in 0.5% chitosan treatment and distilled water treatment. The results showed that pre-treatment with 0.5% chitosan increased germination percentage and rate and seedling vigour length index, and also reduced the mean germination time and malondialdehyde. Pre-treatment of seed with zero and 1% chitosan led to reduction in some of the germination and biochemical traits in comparison with 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% chitosan. Conclusions: The results showed that seed treatment with 0.5% chitosan could reduce the harmful effects of osmotic potential on some germination and biochemical traits in sweet corn seedlings and improve seedling growth.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76555792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abbasi, Maryam HajHassani, Abbas Mirakhorli, Ali Hamzehnejad, A. Nakhaei, Gh. Khakizadeh, R. Alitabar, Rasoul Kanani, M. Asadipour, Fatholah Nadali, H. Mokhtarpour, Z. Azizi, A. Shahriari, Majid Rakhshandeh, Hassan Mostafaei, S. Safari, G. Abadouz, Homa Manouchehri, Sahebdad Habibifar, A. Mahdipour, H. Amirabadizadeh, N. Kazerani, Seyed Norodin Lesani, Abdoul Houssein Askari, Asad Fathi, M. Abbasi, Hassan Ghuchigh, A. Soltani, A. Ghasemi, M. J. Karami, Mohammad Zamanyan, S. Anahid, Mirjamaledin Pourpayghambar, A. Beheshti
Extended abstract Introduction: One of approaches to reach sustainable agriculture is to exploit crop diversity, especially in legume species. Since Melilotus spp. (sweet clover) is a forage crop with a suitable yield especially in the marginal lands; therefore collection and characterization of this germplasm is the first effective step for its conservation and utilization in the country. Few accessions of Melilotus genetic resources had been collected in the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, before this study. Materials and Methods: Sweet clover genetic resources were collected all over the country using standard descriptors during two years. Twenty-six characteristics of collection sites were recorded and their descriptive statistics were estimated. The collected materials were planted in an experimental field to identify their life cycle. The seeds of collected germplasms were conserved in mid (2-4 °C)- and long (-20 °C)-terms conditions for further using. Results: A total of 258 accessions were collected. The geographical altitude of plant origin differed from -11 m in Babolsar to 3090 m in Noor Abad in Lorestan. The materials were mostly collected from non-saline habitats. However, eight accessions were collected from mid to high salinity locations. Taxonomically, M. albus, M . officinalis , and M. indicus were identified with a number of 21, 201 and 36 accessions, respectively. M. dentatus and M. sulcatus , which have been mentioned in the former researches in Iran, were not collected in the recent study. Conclusion: The collected germplasms from marginal lands (saline, low drainage and low fertility lands) may be tolerant to such marginal lands, therefore they can be exploited for the future research. All M. indicus species were annual; whereas there were annual as well as facultative and obligate biennial accessions in the two other species. Lack of access to M. dentatus and M. sulcatus may be an alarm that they may be threatened species in the country. Collected materials in this study along with the former collection in the Iranian National Plant Gene Bank (80 accessions) have provided high potentials of Melilotus genetic resources for exploitation in the further.
导读:实现可持续农业的途径之一是利用作物多样性，特别是豆科植物的多样性。由于甜三叶草是一种饲料作物，特别是在边缘土地上产量适宜;因此，对该种质资源的收集和鉴定是我国保护和利用该种质资源的第一步。在此研究之前，伊朗国家植物基因库中仅收集到少量的梅利洛属植物遗传资源。材料与方法:利用标准描述符在全国范围内收集香三叶草遗传资源。记录了26个采集点的特征，并对其进行了描述性统计。收集到的材料在一个试验田种植，以确定其生命周期。收集到的种质种子在中(2-4°C)和长(-20°C)条件下保存，以备后续使用。结果:共收集标本258份。植物原产地的地理高度从-11 m的Babolsar到3090 m的Lorestan Noor Abad不等。这些材料大多采自非盐碱生境。在中盐度和高盐度地区收集了8份材料。分类学上:M. albus;officinalis和M. indicus分别鉴定了21份、201份和36份。以前在伊朗的研究中提到的齿状鼠和沟状鼠，在最近的研究中没有被收集到。结论:从盐碱地、低水系、低肥力地采集到的种质对盐碱地、低水系、低肥力地具有一定的耐受性，可作为今后研究的重要资源。所有籼稻种均为一年生植物;而在其他两种中，有一年生、兼性和专性的两年生植物。缺乏对齿形鼠和沟形鼠的接触可能是一个警报，表明它们可能是该国的受威胁物种。本研究收集到的材料与伊朗国家植物基因库(80份)中收集到的材料一起，为进一步开发利用木耳草遗传资源提供了很高的潜力。
{"title":"Collection of Iranian Melilotus Genetic Resources for Conservation and Utilization","authors":"M. Abbasi, Maryam HajHassani, Abbas Mirakhorli, Ali Hamzehnejad, A. Nakhaei, Gh. Khakizadeh, R. Alitabar, Rasoul Kanani, M. Asadipour, Fatholah Nadali, H. Mokhtarpour, Z. Azizi, A. Shahriari, Majid Rakhshandeh, Hassan Mostafaei, S. Safari, G. Abadouz, Homa Manouchehri, Sahebdad Habibifar, A. Mahdipour, H. Amirabadizadeh, N. Kazerani, Seyed Norodin Lesani, Abdoul Houssein Askari, Asad Fathi, M. Abbasi, Hassan Ghuchigh, A. Soltani, A. Ghasemi, M. J. Karami, Mohammad Zamanyan, S. Anahid, Mirjamaledin Pourpayghambar, A. Beheshti","doi":"10.29252/YUJS.7.1.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/YUJS.7.1.135","url":null,"abstract":"Extended abstract Introduction: One of approaches to reach sustainable agriculture is to exploit crop diversity, especially in legume species. Since Melilotus spp. (sweet clover) is a forage crop with a suitable yield especially in the marginal lands; therefore collection and characterization of this germplasm is the first effective step for its conservation and utilization in the country. Few accessions of Melilotus genetic resources had been collected in the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, before this study. Materials and Methods: Sweet clover genetic resources were collected all over the country using standard descriptors during two years. Twenty-six characteristics of collection sites were recorded and their descriptive statistics were estimated. The collected materials were planted in an experimental field to identify their life cycle. The seeds of collected germplasms were conserved in mid (2-4 °C)- and long (-20 °C)-terms conditions for further using. Results: A total of 258 accessions were collected. The geographical altitude of plant origin differed from -11 m in Babolsar to 3090 m in Noor Abad in Lorestan. The materials were mostly collected from non-saline habitats. However, eight accessions were collected from mid to high salinity locations. Taxonomically, M. albus, M . officinalis , and M. indicus were identified with a number of 21, 201 and 36 accessions, respectively. M. dentatus and M. sulcatus , which have been mentioned in the former researches in Iran, were not collected in the recent study. Conclusion: The collected germplasms from marginal lands (saline, low drainage and low fertility lands) may be tolerant to such marginal lands, therefore they can be exploited for the future research. All M. indicus species were annual; whereas there were annual as well as facultative and obligate biennial accessions in the two other species. Lack of access to M. dentatus and M. sulcatus may be an alarm that they may be threatened species in the country. Collected materials in this study along with the former collection in the Iranian National Plant Gene Bank (80 accessions) have provided high potentials of Melilotus genetic resources for exploitation in the further.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79730367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Seed deterioration is a physiological phenomenon that affects all germination, biochemical, cytological, and growth characteristics of plants. So it is necessary to use seed vigor enhancement methods to resolve these problems. One of these methods is the application of seed priming techniques to reduce deterioration effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of different pre-treatments by using Nano-zinc, ascorbic acid, humic acid, gibberellin and KNO 3 on germination indices and chromosomal aberration of aged onion seeds. Material and Methods: This experiment was performed as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications (100 seeds per replicate) in the faculty of agriculture at Urmia University. The first factor was the level of aging at 4 levels (control, 12h, 24h, and 48h) and the second factor was seed pre-treatments at 6 levels (control, Nano-zinc (30 mg), ascorbic acid (100 mg), humic acid (150 mg), gibberellin (200 mg/l) and KNO 3 (0.1%). Given that the germination was not similar at different levels of aging, the seeds were germinated at control and 12h of aging after 6 days, at 24 and 48h of aging after 8 and 9 days, respectively. Hence, germination percentage, germination rate, normal seedling, mean germination time, and seed vigor were evaluated after the mentioned times. Chromosomal aberrations were also examined. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the interaction effect of aging and seed pre-treatments on germination indices were significant at %1 probability level. By increasing the period of aging, all germination characters decreased significantly. The highest germination percentage (80%, 70%, 50%) and germination rate (5.350, 3. 316, 1.525 seed/day) were obtained by using Nano-zinc At 12h, 24h and 48h ageing levels. Nano-zinc and gibberellin had the highest effect on seedling vigor and normal seedlings. Seedling vigor increased significantly by using Nano-zinc and gibberellin at 12h (1133, 933.9), 24h (742.9, 692), and 48h (369.9, 323.3). The chromosomal aberration was reduced by using pre-treatment. Conclusion: In this study, the most effective pre-treatments to improve germination characteristics and reduce chromosomal aberrations were gibberellin (200 mg/l) and Nano-zinc (30 mg). Therefore, it can be stated that the use of Nano-zinc and gibberellin as seed pre-treatments can significantly reduce the effects of deterioration on onion seeds.
{"title":"Effect of Different Pre-Treatments on Germination Indices and Chromosomal Aberrations of Aged Onion Seeds (Allium cepa)","authors":"Faegheh Jangjoo, Mehdi Tajbakhsh-shishvan","doi":"10.29252/YUJS.7.1.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/YUJS.7.1.151","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Seed deterioration is a physiological phenomenon that affects all germination, biochemical, cytological, and growth characteristics of plants. So it is necessary to use seed vigor enhancement methods to resolve these problems. One of these methods is the application of seed priming techniques to reduce deterioration effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of different pre-treatments by using Nano-zinc, ascorbic acid, humic acid, gibberellin and KNO 3 on germination indices and chromosomal aberration of aged onion seeds. Material and Methods: This experiment was performed as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications (100 seeds per replicate) in the faculty of agriculture at Urmia University. The first factor was the level of aging at 4 levels (control, 12h, 24h, and 48h) and the second factor was seed pre-treatments at 6 levels (control, Nano-zinc (30 mg), ascorbic acid (100 mg), humic acid (150 mg), gibberellin (200 mg/l) and KNO 3 (0.1%). Given that the germination was not similar at different levels of aging, the seeds were germinated at control and 12h of aging after 6 days, at 24 and 48h of aging after 8 and 9 days, respectively. Hence, germination percentage, germination rate, normal seedling, mean germination time, and seed vigor were evaluated after the mentioned times. Chromosomal aberrations were also examined. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the interaction effect of aging and seed pre-treatments on germination indices were significant at %1 probability level. By increasing the period of aging, all germination characters decreased significantly. The highest germination percentage (80%, 70%, 50%) and germination rate (5.350, 3. 316, 1.525 seed/day) were obtained by using Nano-zinc At 12h, 24h and 48h ageing levels. Nano-zinc and gibberellin had the highest effect on seedling vigor and normal seedlings. Seedling vigor increased significantly by using Nano-zinc and gibberellin at 12h (1133, 933.9), 24h (742.9, 692), and 48h (369.9, 323.3). The chromosomal aberration was reduced by using pre-treatment. Conclusion: In this study, the most effective pre-treatments to improve germination characteristics and reduce chromosomal aberrations were gibberellin (200 mg/l) and Nano-zinc (30 mg). Therefore, it can be stated that the use of Nano-zinc and gibberellin as seed pre-treatments can significantly reduce the effects of deterioration on onion seeds.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88390616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. G. Alamdari, A. Ghorbani, H. Sabouri, Meisam Habibi
Introduction: Without a doubt, plant hetrotoxicity is one of the important factors in determining the distribution and abundance of some species in plant communities. Thus, the purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of phenolic composition obtained from the methanol extract of Echinochola crus-galli on germination traits and cytogenetic behavior of rice. Materials and methods: This experiment was done to assess hetrotoxic potential of various concentrations (0, 0.024, 0.048, 0.076 and 0.1 mM) of the phenolic composition obtained from the methanol extract of whole-organ of E . crus-galli on germination traits of rice as well as mitosis division of meristematic cells of radicle in a completely randomized design. To extract thephenolic composition, warm extraction method using a methanol solvent was used. For studying mitosis division, first rice seeds were germinated. Then, each of the steps such as fixation, hydrolysis, staining, squashing and microscopic studies were done on the end of the radicle. Mitosis indices and percentage of mitosis inhibition were calculated and also percentage of each of chromosomal abnormalities at four stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase as compared to total cells was calculated. Results: The lowest percentage and rate of germination and relative germination were found in two concentrations of the 0.076 and 0.1 mM of phenolic composition of E . crus-galli , so that no germination was observed in these treatments. In this study, mitosis division was normal in control samples, so that the rice plant included 12 chromosomes in the metaphase stage. Also the chromosomes were normal in the telophase stage and chromosomal abnormalities were not observed in meristem cells of radicle tip of the control. The lowest value of mitosis indices and the number of dividing cells were related to the concentration of 0.048 mM wuth 30.19 and 385 cells, respectively. In the present study, chromosomal abnormalities in the stages of metaphase, anaphase and telophase were increased with increasing concentration of phenolic composition, and were 28.85 and 16.95% in 0.048 mM concentration of phenolic composition, respectively. The most chromosomal abnormalities were of sticky and laggard type, which were related to the concentration of 0.048 mM of phenolic composition with 39.83 and 32.25%, respectively. The highest number of chromosomal bridges and clumping were obtained in 0.024 mM of phenolic composition with about 19.27 and 29.83%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, phenolic composition obtained from the methanol extract of E. crus-galli had asignificant inhibitory effect on germination traits and mitosis division in root tip cells of rice. Thus, the amount of E. crus-galli residues in the field should be considered in direct and indirect cultivation of rice.
{"title":"Studying the Hetrotoxicity Potential of the Phenolic Composition Obtained from the Methanolic Extract of Echinochola crus-galli Weed on Germination Traits and Cytogenetic Behavior of Rice","authors":"E. G. Alamdari, A. Ghorbani, H. Sabouri, Meisam Habibi","doi":"10.29252/YUJS.7.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/YUJS.7.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Without a doubt, plant hetrotoxicity is one of the important factors in determining the distribution and abundance of some species in plant communities. Thus, the purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of phenolic composition obtained from the methanol extract of Echinochola crus-galli on germination traits and cytogenetic behavior of rice. Materials and methods: This experiment was done to assess hetrotoxic potential of various concentrations (0, 0.024, 0.048, 0.076 and 0.1 mM) of the phenolic composition obtained from the methanol extract of whole-organ of E . crus-galli on germination traits of rice as well as mitosis division of meristematic cells of radicle in a completely randomized design. To extract thephenolic composition, warm extraction method using a methanol solvent was used. For studying mitosis division, first rice seeds were germinated. Then, each of the steps such as fixation, hydrolysis, staining, squashing and microscopic studies were done on the end of the radicle. Mitosis indices and percentage of mitosis inhibition were calculated and also percentage of each of chromosomal abnormalities at four stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase as compared to total cells was calculated. Results: The lowest percentage and rate of germination and relative germination were found in two concentrations of the 0.076 and 0.1 mM of phenolic composition of E . crus-galli , so that no germination was observed in these treatments. In this study, mitosis division was normal in control samples, so that the rice plant included 12 chromosomes in the metaphase stage. Also the chromosomes were normal in the telophase stage and chromosomal abnormalities were not observed in meristem cells of radicle tip of the control. The lowest value of mitosis indices and the number of dividing cells were related to the concentration of 0.048 mM wuth 30.19 and 385 cells, respectively. In the present study, chromosomal abnormalities in the stages of metaphase, anaphase and telophase were increased with increasing concentration of phenolic composition, and were 28.85 and 16.95% in 0.048 mM concentration of phenolic composition, respectively. The most chromosomal abnormalities were of sticky and laggard type, which were related to the concentration of 0.048 mM of phenolic composition with 39.83 and 32.25%, respectively. The highest number of chromosomal bridges and clumping were obtained in 0.024 mM of phenolic composition with about 19.27 and 29.83%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, phenolic composition obtained from the methanol extract of E. crus-galli had asignificant inhibitory effect on germination traits and mitosis division in root tip cells of rice. Thus, the amount of E. crus-galli residues in the field should be considered in direct and indirect cultivation of rice.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87828453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Malek, F. Ghaderi‐Far, B. Torabi, H. Sadeghipour
Introduction : Seeds, like other materials, are hygroscopic and exchange moisture with their surroundings. The changes in the moisture of seeds during storage depend on their hygroscopic nature and this feature plays an important role in determining the seed quality and longevity. Furthermore, studying the hygroscopic characteristics if seeds can be useful in seed storage studies as well as in commercial applications such as drying and seeds processing. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between seed moisture content and relative humidity in seed of rapeseed cultivars was studied. Material and Methods: In this study, the relationship between the ambient relative humidity and seed moisture content of three rapeseed cultivars at 10, 20 and 30 °C was investigated using hygroscopic equilibrium curves. Therefore, water desorption and absorption curves were studied separately. Water absorption and desorption curves were obtained by drying the seeds at 1% relative humidity and seed hydration at 100% relative humidity, respectively, followed by transferring the seeds to different relative humidities at different temperatures and finally determining the equilibrium moisture content of the seeds. It should be noted that glycerol and sulfuric acid solutions were used to creation different relative humidity. Finally, the relationship between seeds moisture content against the relative humidity was quantified by fitting the D’Arcy-Watt equation. Results: The results indicated that the seeds moisture content varied in cultivars and temperatures at different relative humidities. Also, there was a difference between water desorption and absorption curves in all cultivars and temperatures; desorption curves were generally higher than water absorption curves. The greatest difference among the cultivars regarding seed moisture content was observed at 100% relative humidity, and this difference was less severe at lower relative humidities. Also, the highest seed moisture content of rapeseed cultivars was observed at 20 °C and 100% relative humidity, and the lowest seed moisture content was recorded at 30 °C and 1% relative humidity. Conclusions: According to the results, it was found that the relationship between seed moisture content and relative humidity followed a sigmoidal function, and this relationship would also vary depending on cultivar and temperature. There was also a difference between the adsorption and desorption curves, which is called "hysteresis", and showed that the seed moisture content at a constant relative humidity was generally higher in the state of dehydration compared with that in the state of hydration. Due to this event, desorption curve is situated higher than the absorption curve.
{"title":"Quantification of Changes in Relative Humidity and Seed Moisture Contents of Canola Cultivars under Different Temperatures Using Hygroscopic Equilibrium Curve","authors":"M. Malek, F. Ghaderi‐Far, B. Torabi, H. Sadeghipour","doi":"10.29252/YUJS.7.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/YUJS.7.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Seeds, like other materials, are hygroscopic and exchange moisture with their surroundings. The changes in the moisture of seeds during storage depend on their hygroscopic nature and this feature plays an important role in determining the seed quality and longevity. Furthermore, studying the hygroscopic characteristics if seeds can be useful in seed storage studies as well as in commercial applications such as drying and seeds processing. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between seed moisture content and relative humidity in seed of rapeseed cultivars was studied. Material and Methods: In this study, the relationship between the ambient relative humidity and seed moisture content of three rapeseed cultivars at 10, 20 and 30 °C was investigated using hygroscopic equilibrium curves. Therefore, water desorption and absorption curves were studied separately. Water absorption and desorption curves were obtained by drying the seeds at 1% relative humidity and seed hydration at 100% relative humidity, respectively, followed by transferring the seeds to different relative humidities at different temperatures and finally determining the equilibrium moisture content of the seeds. It should be noted that glycerol and sulfuric acid solutions were used to creation different relative humidity. Finally, the relationship between seeds moisture content against the relative humidity was quantified by fitting the D’Arcy-Watt equation. Results: The results indicated that the seeds moisture content varied in cultivars and temperatures at different relative humidities. Also, there was a difference between water desorption and absorption curves in all cultivars and temperatures; desorption curves were generally higher than water absorption curves. The greatest difference among the cultivars regarding seed moisture content was observed at 100% relative humidity, and this difference was less severe at lower relative humidities. Also, the highest seed moisture content of rapeseed cultivars was observed at 20 °C and 100% relative humidity, and the lowest seed moisture content was recorded at 30 °C and 1% relative humidity. Conclusions: According to the results, it was found that the relationship between seed moisture content and relative humidity followed a sigmoidal function, and this relationship would also vary depending on cultivar and temperature. There was also a difference between the adsorption and desorption curves, which is called \"hysteresis\", and showed that the seed moisture content at a constant relative humidity was generally higher in the state of dehydration compared with that in the state of hydration. Due to this event, desorption curve is situated higher than the absorption curve.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84140872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Makvandi, M. Meskarbashee, P. Hassibi, H. Hamdi
Introduction: Management of agricultural operations in sugarcane fields should be informed by the accurate knowledge of sugarcane growth stages and phenology and is to be reviewed based on variety differences. Given the importance of emergence stage on the establishment of seedling and final quality and quantity of sugarcane yield and given the absence of respective information, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of different planting dates on the phenological characteristics of the seedling stage of sugarcane cultivars in the south of Khuzestan Province during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. In terms of growth period length, Very premature, Premature, and Semi mature cultivars included CP73-21, CP57-614 and CP69-1062. Planting dates were Aug. 11 th , Aug. 23 rd , Sep. 1 st and Sep 11 th . Planting operation was conducted manually and with 1/3 overlap of grafts. In order to prevent the negative effects brought about by the dispersion and non-uniformity of the experimental field and the special conditions of sugarcane cultivation, each cultivar was cultivated in a separate field and after sampling and the study of different traits, the statistical analysis of each cultivar was performed separately. Results: The results showed that sugarcane seedling was not affected by annual conditions and the interaction effect of annual conditions and planting dates. The significant differences of planting dates were observed at the beginning of emergence, its completion and rate of emergence and the number of leaves produced and their area. The fastest rate of the beginning and the completion of emergence was obtained in CP73-21, and on different planting dates, it was more permanent than other cultivars studied, while CP69-1062 had the slowest and more behavioral diversity of emergence on different planting dates. The cultivar CP73-21 did not produce good results in terms of leaf area, but the CP69-1062 cultivar was able to produce the highest level of leaf area due to the extra number of leaves and the mean value of a single leaf area. In addition, the best results were obtained in all characteristics in August, followed by September. Conclusions: Based on the results, in order to achieve the best emergence of sugarcane buds, it is necessary to complete the cultivation of most of the fields within the first twenty days of the beginning of the planting season and priority should be given to cultivar CP69-1062 and then cultivars CP57-614 and CP73-21. Due to the differences between sugarcane cultivars, utilizing seedling stage growth data can lead to more scientific management of the crops in terms of the characteristics of each cultivar, which eventually leads to desirable yields.
{"title":"Study of Bud Emergence Characteristics and Seedling Growth of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Cultivars on Different Planting Dates","authors":"M. Makvandi, M. Meskarbashee, P. Hassibi, H. Hamdi","doi":"10.29252/YUJS.6.2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/YUJS.6.2.81","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Management of agricultural operations in sugarcane fields should be informed by the accurate knowledge of sugarcane growth stages and phenology and is to be reviewed based on variety differences. Given the importance of emergence stage on the establishment of seedling and final quality and quantity of sugarcane yield and given the absence of respective information, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of different planting dates on the phenological characteristics of the seedling stage of sugarcane cultivars in the south of Khuzestan Province during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. In terms of growth period length, Very premature, Premature, and Semi mature cultivars included CP73-21, CP57-614 and CP69-1062. Planting dates were Aug. 11 th , Aug. 23 rd , Sep. 1 st and Sep 11 th . Planting operation was conducted manually and with 1/3 overlap of grafts. In order to prevent the negative effects brought about by the dispersion and non-uniformity of the experimental field and the special conditions of sugarcane cultivation, each cultivar was cultivated in a separate field and after sampling and the study of different traits, the statistical analysis of each cultivar was performed separately. Results: The results showed that sugarcane seedling was not affected by annual conditions and the interaction effect of annual conditions and planting dates. The significant differences of planting dates were observed at the beginning of emergence, its completion and rate of emergence and the number of leaves produced and their area. The fastest rate of the beginning and the completion of emergence was obtained in CP73-21, and on different planting dates, it was more permanent than other cultivars studied, while CP69-1062 had the slowest and more behavioral diversity of emergence on different planting dates. The cultivar CP73-21 did not produce good results in terms of leaf area, but the CP69-1062 cultivar was able to produce the highest level of leaf area due to the extra number of leaves and the mean value of a single leaf area. In addition, the best results were obtained in all characteristics in August, followed by September. Conclusions: Based on the results, in order to achieve the best emergence of sugarcane buds, it is necessary to complete the cultivation of most of the fields within the first twenty days of the beginning of the planting season and priority should be given to cultivar CP69-1062 and then cultivars CP57-614 and CP73-21. Due to the differences between sugarcane cultivars, utilizing seedling stage growth data can lead to more scientific management of the crops in terms of the characteristics of each cultivar, which eventually leads to desirable yields.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81020064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction : Pepper ( Capsicum annum L.), which belongs to the solanaceae family, is one of the most important vegetable and garden products. Due to its nutritional value, its use tends to rise all over the world. Germination and seed emergence are strongly influenced by environmental stresses such as salinity and drought. Drought stress affects various aspects of plant growth. It reduces germination, delays vegetative growth and reduces dry matter in the plant. Salinity stress, as an environmental stress, is a limiting factor for the growth and development of crops and garden production. Materials and Methods : The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of drought and salinity stress on seed germination characteristics of sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) in two separate experiments, using a completely randomized design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand in 2016. PEG 6000 was used for drought stress and NaCl, for salinity stress. The t reatments included drought and salinity stress levels (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 and -12 bars). Seeds were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (2%) solution for 1 minute, and were then washed with distilled water. The medium was petri dishes with a diameter of 9 cm. 25 seeds were placed on two layers of filter papers in each dish. 5 ml of distilled water or solution was added to each petri dish. The measured traits were germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index, radicle length, plumule length, ratio of radicle length to plumule length and dry weight of radical and plumule. Results : The results indicated that salinity and drought stress had significant effects on seed germination characteristics of sweet pepper so that salinity stress with osmotic potential of -10 and -12 bar decreased the germination of sweet pepper and reached zero. Increasing salinity stress from zero to -12 bar decreased germination percentage, germination rate and seedling dry weight by 43.75, 41.67 and 93.46%, respectively. The results indicated that with increases in both salinity and drought stress, seed vigor index decreased significantly. The results showed that with increasing drought and salinity stress from 0 to -12 bar, seed vigor index decreased 96.58 and 100 percent, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the tolerance of sweet pepper to salinity stress was higher than its tolerance to drought stress at the germination stage, but for more accurate evaluation, it is necessary to conduct additional experiments in the field and in the greenhouse.
{"title":"Evaluation of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Under Salinity and Drought Treatment","authors":"M. Aminifard, H. Bayat","doi":"10.29252/YUJS.6.2.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/YUJS.6.2.137","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Pepper ( Capsicum annum L.), which belongs to the solanaceae family, is one of the most important vegetable and garden products. Due to its nutritional value, its use tends to rise all over the world. Germination and seed emergence are strongly influenced by environmental stresses such as salinity and drought. Drought stress affects various aspects of plant growth. It reduces germination, delays vegetative growth and reduces dry matter in the plant. Salinity stress, as an environmental stress, is a limiting factor for the growth and development of crops and garden production. Materials and Methods : The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of drought and salinity stress on seed germination characteristics of sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) in two separate experiments, using a completely randomized design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand in 2016. PEG 6000 was used for drought stress and NaCl, for salinity stress. The t reatments included drought and salinity stress levels (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 and -12 bars). Seeds were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (2%) solution for 1 minute, and were then washed with distilled water. The medium was petri dishes with a diameter of 9 cm. 25 seeds were placed on two layers of filter papers in each dish. 5 ml of distilled water or solution was added to each petri dish. The measured traits were germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index, radicle length, plumule length, ratio of radicle length to plumule length and dry weight of radical and plumule. Results : The results indicated that salinity and drought stress had significant effects on seed germination characteristics of sweet pepper so that salinity stress with osmotic potential of -10 and -12 bar decreased the germination of sweet pepper and reached zero. Increasing salinity stress from zero to -12 bar decreased germination percentage, germination rate and seedling dry weight by 43.75, 41.67 and 93.46%, respectively. The results indicated that with increases in both salinity and drought stress, seed vigor index decreased significantly. The results showed that with increasing drought and salinity stress from 0 to -12 bar, seed vigor index decreased 96.58 and 100 percent, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the tolerance of sweet pepper to salinity stress was higher than its tolerance to drought stress at the germination stage, but for more accurate evaluation, it is necessary to conduct additional experiments in the field and in the greenhouse.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82597215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract Introduction: The effect of environmental factors on the developmental stages of a plant causes the planting date to vary from one region to another. Temperature is a very important factor in the maximum percentage germination and germination rate. Priming improves germination rate, brings about the uniformity of germination and reduces seed susceptibility to environmental factors. The purposes of this experiment were to study the effects of priming treatments at different temperatures on the germination characteristics of Hibiscus sabdariffa under laboratory conditions, to investigate priming treatments on different planting dates and to compare early planting dates on the farms. Materials and Methods: The experimental study was carried out as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Laboratory of Seed Technology of Kashmar University Jihad. The first factor is five primings (Concentrations of ZnSO 4 (10 mM), Humic acid (2.5 cc) and the combination of Humic acid and Zinc sulfate, Biological materials (Pota Barvar 2), no treatment (control) and the second factor is five levels of temperature: 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 °C. Field studies were carried out in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kashmar in three separate experiments in 2018. The research was carried out in a completely randomized block design with three replications on three planting dates (March 25 th , April 15 th , and May 4 th , 2018). In each experiment, priming treatments were applied similarly to field experiments. Results: The results of the current experimental study showed that temperature, priming and temperature interaction with priming had a significant effect on all the traits studied. The highest percentage and rate of germination were observed at 18 ° C and priming with Pota Barvar 2. The results also showed that planting date had a significant effect on all the traits studied in the field experiment. Priming showed a significant difference only in stem fresh weight. The interaction effect of priming and planting date was not significant for the traits studied. The highest germination percentage was obtained on April 15’s planting date. By planting later than March 25 to 15 April, a decrease of 74% was observed in the rate of germination. Among priming treatments, the combination of Zinc Sulfate and Humic acid showed a significant superiority, compared with other treatments. Conclusion: The findigns suggest that due to the high sensitivity of seed germination of sour tea at low temperatures, the planting date in each area should be carefully chosen so that it does not coincide with temperatures below 18 °C.
{"title":"Effect of Early Planting Dates and Different Treatments of Seed Priming on Germination and Seedling Establishment of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)","authors":"M. Ghayour, M. Taherian, S. Baghban, S. Khavari","doi":"10.29252/YUJS.6.2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/YUJS.6.2.95","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Introduction: The effect of environmental factors on the developmental stages of a plant causes the planting date to vary from one region to another. Temperature is a very important factor in the maximum percentage germination and germination rate. Priming improves germination rate, brings about the uniformity of germination and reduces seed susceptibility to environmental factors. The purposes of this experiment were to study the effects of priming treatments at different temperatures on the germination characteristics of Hibiscus sabdariffa under laboratory conditions, to investigate priming treatments on different planting dates and to compare early planting dates on the farms. Materials and Methods: The experimental study was carried out as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Laboratory of Seed Technology of Kashmar University Jihad. The first factor is five primings (Concentrations of ZnSO 4 (10 mM), Humic acid (2.5 cc) and the combination of Humic acid and Zinc sulfate, Biological materials (Pota Barvar 2), no treatment (control) and the second factor is five levels of temperature: 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 °C. Field studies were carried out in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kashmar in three separate experiments in 2018. The research was carried out in a completely randomized block design with three replications on three planting dates (March 25 th , April 15 th , and May 4 th , 2018). In each experiment, priming treatments were applied similarly to field experiments. Results: The results of the current experimental study showed that temperature, priming and temperature interaction with priming had a significant effect on all the traits studied. The highest percentage and rate of germination were observed at 18 ° C and priming with Pota Barvar 2. The results also showed that planting date had a significant effect on all the traits studied in the field experiment. Priming showed a significant difference only in stem fresh weight. The interaction effect of priming and planting date was not significant for the traits studied. The highest germination percentage was obtained on April 15’s planting date. By planting later than March 25 to 15 April, a decrease of 74% was observed in the rate of germination. Among priming treatments, the combination of Zinc Sulfate and Humic acid showed a significant superiority, compared with other treatments. Conclusion: The findigns suggest that due to the high sensitivity of seed germination of sour tea at low temperatures, the planting date in each area should be carefully chosen so that it does not coincide with temperatures below 18 °C.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73462569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahboubeh Hajiabasi, R. Tavakkol Afshari, A. Abbasi, R. Kamaei
Introduction: Soybean ( Glycine Merrill) is the primary source of vegetable oil. Even in desirable conditions, seeds lose their viability in long term storage. Many factors contribute to seed deterioration, including genetic factors, mechanical damage, relative humidity, storage temperature, seed moisture content, existence of microflora, and seed maturity, which reduce seed quality and make seeds unfit for cultivation purposes. Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of seed deterioration on seed germination and also the effects of salicylic acid and ethylene on the improvement of deteriorated seeds of G. max ., accelerated aging test for 0, 6 and 10 days and natural aging test for 6 months were conducted. After aging conditions, seeds were imbibed with 50 µM salicylic acid and 10 µM ACC (precursor of ethylene) for 6 hours at 25 °C. In addition, after natural and accelerated aging tests, a bunch of seeds was used without any hormonal treatment (i.e., dry seeds) as control seeds. The seeds’ germination percentage, total sugar, fructose, and glucose were investigated. Moreover, the gene expression of GAI1 and LOX 1 was measured on dry seeds and under imbibition of water, salicylic acid and ACC at 6, 12 hours using Q-RT-PCR method. Results: The germination results showed that increasing number of aging days led to a decrease in germination. Total sugar content in seeds aged for 6 days did not have a significant difference, as compared with non-aged seeds. However, total sugar content in seeds aged for 10 days was significantly higher than non-aged seeds. Increasing accelerated aging levels from 0 days to 10 days led to increases in glucose and fructose contents in dry seeds. In addition, genes exhibited different expressions in different days and hours. Increasing aging from 0 days to 10 days led to increases in GAI1 gene expression. Moreover, LOX2 expression increased in accelerated aging from 0 to 6 days. LOX2 gene expression in naturally dried aged seeds also increased and was higher than that in non-aged seeds. SA and ACC had different effects on measured values. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the deterioration of seed quality and vigor result from numerous degradation processes and disruption in seeds’ physiological activity. This study showed that aging is associated with an increase in total sugar, glucose and fructose levels. In addition, the expression of the genes involved in the germination is also affected. Increases in LOX2 gene expression were observed in both accelerated aging and natural aging pathways. GAI1 gene expression increased in accelerated aging. However, in normal aging, it decreased.
{"title":"The Effect of ACC and Salicylic Acid on Germination and GAI1 and LOX2 Genes Expression in Deteriorated Soybean Seeds (Glycine max)","authors":"Mahboubeh Hajiabasi, R. Tavakkol Afshari, A. Abbasi, R. Kamaei","doi":"10.29252/yujs.6.2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/yujs.6.2.61","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Soybean ( Glycine Merrill) is the primary source of vegetable oil. Even in desirable conditions, seeds lose their viability in long term storage. Many factors contribute to seed deterioration, including genetic factors, mechanical damage, relative humidity, storage temperature, seed moisture content, existence of microflora, and seed maturity, which reduce seed quality and make seeds unfit for cultivation purposes. Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of seed deterioration on seed germination and also the effects of salicylic acid and ethylene on the improvement of deteriorated seeds of G. max ., accelerated aging test for 0, 6 and 10 days and natural aging test for 6 months were conducted. After aging conditions, seeds were imbibed with 50 µM salicylic acid and 10 µM ACC (precursor of ethylene) for 6 hours at 25 °C. In addition, after natural and accelerated aging tests, a bunch of seeds was used without any hormonal treatment (i.e., dry seeds) as control seeds. The seeds’ germination percentage, total sugar, fructose, and glucose were investigated. Moreover, the gene expression of GAI1 and LOX 1 was measured on dry seeds and under imbibition of water, salicylic acid and ACC at 6, 12 hours using Q-RT-PCR method. Results: The germination results showed that increasing number of aging days led to a decrease in germination. Total sugar content in seeds aged for 6 days did not have a significant difference, as compared with non-aged seeds. However, total sugar content in seeds aged for 10 days was significantly higher than non-aged seeds. Increasing accelerated aging levels from 0 days to 10 days led to increases in glucose and fructose contents in dry seeds. In addition, genes exhibited different expressions in different days and hours. Increasing aging from 0 days to 10 days led to increases in GAI1 gene expression. Moreover, LOX2 expression increased in accelerated aging from 0 to 6 days. LOX2 gene expression in naturally dried aged seeds also increased and was higher than that in non-aged seeds. SA and ACC had different effects on measured values. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the deterioration of seed quality and vigor result from numerous degradation processes and disruption in seeds’ physiological activity. This study showed that aging is associated with an increase in total sugar, glucose and fructose levels. In addition, the expression of the genes involved in the germination is also affected. Increases in LOX2 gene expression were observed in both accelerated aging and natural aging pathways. GAI1 gene expression increased in accelerated aging. However, in normal aging, it decreased.","PeriodicalId":14578,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Seed Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82399732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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