Augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in cells infected with HTLVs has been demonstrated by cellular biological studies. Here, evidence is presented that this effect could be ascribed, at least in part, to the level of HIV gene expression.
The human hepatoma cell line, huGK-14, containing integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNAs, produced a large number of 23 nm spherical particles of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in a serum-free medium. These particles closely resembled the HBsAg particles found in the sera of HBV carriers and elicited a high antibody response in guinea pigs. The huGK-14 cells in a serum-free medium would provide a new, economic source of HBV vaccine.
This study was performed to estimate human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type-I (HTLV-I) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Japanese immigrant colonies in Bolivia, where no seroepidemiological study of HTLV-I or HIV has ever been reported, among 647 healthy adults and children of Japanese descent and Bolivian natives living in the same colonies. The overall prevalence of HTLV-I antibody was 12.6% (59/469) among Japanese immigrant populations, but increased with age, being 16.2% (49/303) among adults and 6.0% (10/166) among children; no significant difference in relation to sex was noted. The first generation immigrants (issei) from Kyushu, the large southwestern island of Japan where adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is endemic, had 19.0% (49/258) HTLV-I seroprevalence, while issei from outside Kyushu had none (0/39). Among Bolivian members of the community, consisting mostly of Indians and persons of Spanish descent, the HTLV-I seroprevalence was 4.3% (7/164) overall, 2.4% (1/42) among adults and 4.9% (6/122) among children. No antibody to HIV was detected among Japanese or Bolivian populations. The results of this study show that: (1) there is a considerable number of HTLV-I carriers among Japanese immigrant populations in Bolivia, especially among immigrants from Kyushu, (2) there exist some HTLV-I carriers among Bolivian natives, raising the possibility of HTLV-I transmission by co-habitation with Japanese immigrants, (3) HIV is far from endemic in this district of Bolivia, at present.
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