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Development of a Website: An Experience of interface with Manual Workers and Web Specialists 网站的开发:与手工工作者和网络专家交互的经验
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431.3240440
M. Lortie
The website was developed for floor layers (FL) working in very small businesses, in a perspective of knowledge management and transfer. Its content aims to reflect what is important to say or to know from the FLs perspectives. Thus, the content was developed with the FLs while the editing involved essentially website professionals. The aim of the paper is to point out challenges and difficulties met. In the first part of the results section, we first focus on the website's content development: FLs demands, particular development challenges and communication usages. The second section exposes the difficulties met in the transfer process with website professionals.
从知识管理和转移的角度来看,该网站是为在非常小的企业工作的底层(FL)开发的。它的内容旨在从外语的角度反映什么是重要的要说或知道。因此,内容是由外联开发的,而编辑主要涉及网站专业人员。本文的目的是指出所遇到的挑战和困难。在结果部分的第一部分,我们首先关注网站的内容开发:FLs需求,特定的开发挑战和通信使用。第二部分揭示了网站专业人员在转岗过程中遇到的困难。
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引用次数: 0
Hyperlink is not dead! 超链接还没死!
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431.3240434
B. Ooghe-Tabanou, Mathieu Jacomy, Paul Girard, Guillaume Plique
The emergence and success of web platforms nurtured a trend within social studies: "Hyperlink is dead!". Capturing their users into mobile applications and specialised web interface to propose them a specific user experience (and business model), the platforms indeed created new information silos in the open World Wide Web space. The simplified availability of user behavioural data through these platforms APIs reinforced this idea in academic communities by providing scholars with an easy way to collect rich user centric data for their research. After discussing the methodological aspects of the web divide between platforms and classical websites, we will argue that although it becomes more and more invisible, the hyperlink, modern incarnation of intertextual links between documents, is still a central and structural element of the web. Hyperlinks remain an invaluable resource to turn the web into a research field in spite of the complexity to collect, manipulate and curate them. We will illustrate those methodological challenges by describing the choices we made in designing Hyphe, a tool dedicated to the creation of web corpora tailored for mining hypertexts.
网络平台的出现和成功在社会研究领域催生了一种趋势:“超链接已死!”这些平台将用户吸引到移动应用程序和专门的网络界面中,为他们提供特定的用户体验(和商业模式),确实在开放的万维网空间中创造了新的信息孤岛。通过这些平台api简化了用户行为数据的可用性,为学者们提供了一种简单的方法来收集丰富的以用户为中心的数据,从而加强了学术界的这一想法。在讨论了平台和经典网站之间的网络鸿沟的方法论方面之后,我们将论证,尽管它变得越来越不可见,超链接,文档之间互文链接的现代化身,仍然是网络的中心和结构元素。超链接仍然是一种宝贵的资源,可以把网络变成一个研究领域,尽管收集、操作和管理它们很复杂。我们将通过描述我们在设计Hyphe时所做的选择来说明这些方法上的挑战,Hyphe是一个专门为挖掘超文本而定制的web语料库创建工具。
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引用次数: 8
A Data Viz Platform as a Support to Study, Analyze and Understand the Hate Speech Phenomenon 基于数据可视化平台的仇恨言论现象研究、分析和理解
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431.3240437
A. Capozzi, V. Patti, G. Ruffo, C. Bosco
In this paper we present a data visualization platform designed to support the Natural Language Processing (NLP) scholar to study and analyze different corpora collected with the purpose to understand the hate speech phenomenon in social media. The project started with the creation of a corpus which collects tweets addressed to specific groups of ethnic minorities considered very controversial in the Italian public debate. Each tweet has been manually tagged with a series of attributes in order to capture the different features used to characterize the hate speech phenomenon. This corpus is mainly built to be used for training an automatic classifier and helping us in its testing and validation, before being it adopted to detect tweets targeted as hate speech on larger scale datasets. As opposed as many other traditional machine learning tasks, to build a good classifier achieving high scores in terms of accuracy is very challenging in such scenario, because of the intrinsic ambiguity of the language, the lack of a proper and explicable context in social media, and the attitude of on line users of being sarcastic and ironical. Therefore, in order to properly validate an effective feature selection process, correlations between selected attributes must be studied and analyzed. This motivated us to build an interactive platform to explore data in our corpora across the dimensions that have been used to characterize collected tweets. In our paper, after a brief introduction of the hate speech dataset, we will show how the dashboard can fit into the NLP pipeline, and how its architecture can be structured. Finally, we will present some of the challenges we have faced to visualize data with spatial, temporal and numerical attributes.
在本文中,我们提出了一个数据可视化平台,旨在支持自然语言处理(NLP)学者研究和分析收集的不同语料库,以了解社交媒体中的仇恨言论现象。该项目从创建一个语料库开始,该语料库收集针对意大利公共辩论中被认为非常有争议的特定少数民族群体的推文。每条推文都被手工标记了一系列属性,以便捕捉到用来描述仇恨言论现象的不同特征。该语料库主要用于训练自动分类器并帮助我们进行测试和验证,然后将其用于在更大规模的数据集中检测针对仇恨言论的推文。与许多其他传统的机器学习任务相反,在这种情况下,由于语言本身的模糊性,社交媒体中缺乏适当和可解释的上下文,以及在线用户的讽刺和讽刺态度,构建一个在准确率方面取得高分的优秀分类器是非常具有挑战性的。因此,为了正确验证有效的特征选择过程,必须研究和分析所选属性之间的相关性。这促使我们建立一个互动平台,以跨维度探索我们的语料库中的数据,这些数据已被用于描述收集到的推文。在我们的论文中,在简要介绍了仇恨言论数据集之后,我们将展示如何将仪表板融入NLP管道,以及如何构建其架构。最后,我们将介绍我们在可视化具有空间、时间和数值属性的数据方面所面临的一些挑战。
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引用次数: 4
Une analyse de Twitter pour mieux comprendre les acteurs de la communication des nouvelles drogues et leurs discussions Twitter分析,以更好地理解新药传播的参与者和他们的讨论
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431.3240438
M. Tanti, S. Fossey, Laelia Madrid-Briand, P. Carrieri, B. Spire, P. Roux
Ces dernières années, apparaissent sur le marché des drogues, de nouvelles substances psychoactives qui constituent un véritable problème de santé publique car, en absence de connaissances, il n'existe aucun moyen de les contrôler. Les organisations de santé publique portent aujourd'hui une attention particulière à l'exploitation des données du Big data, notamment du web social, afin de mieux orienter les politiques décisionnelles. Elles recherchent notamment des méthodes, des stratégies mais aussi des outils pour les « faire parler ». Notre article présente une recherche menée sur Twitter qui a pour objectif de faire « parler » les données extraites de ce réseau social et déterminer quels sont les acteurs qui communiquent autour de la problématique des nouvelles drogues et leurs messages. Notre étude révèle ainsi que ce réseau social permet aux associations, scientifiques et autres organismes de relayer un certain nombre d'informations sur les nouvelles drogues, notamment des messages de prévention, des études scientifiques ou encore des informations législatives. En revanche, ce lieu, aujourd'hui trop "ouvert", n'incite pas les usagers de drogues à y communiquer, préfèrant des lieux plus "fermés" comme les forums de discussions PsychoACTIF®ou Psychonaut®ou encore le Darknet, sur lesquels nous menons actuellement d'autres travaux pour déterminer quels sont les effets sanitaires et sociaux de ces nouvelles drogues et comment adapter les messages de prévention.
近年来,新的精神活性物质出现在毒品市场上,这是一个真正的公共卫生问题,因为在缺乏知识的情况下,没有办法控制它们。如今,公共卫生组织特别关注大数据的使用,特别是社交网络,以更好地指导决策政策。他们正在寻找方法、策略和工具来“让他们说话”。我们的文章介绍了一项在Twitter上进行的研究,旨在让从这个社交网络中提取的数据“说话”,并确定哪些参与者围绕新药问题和他们的信息进行交流。我们的研究表明,这个社交网络允许协会、科学家和其他组织传递一些关于新药的信息,包括预防信息、科学研究和立法信息。相形之下,这不是“开放”的今天,太,不利于吸毒者向y préfèrant更为“封闭”的场所,比如论坛在服药®或Psychonaut®或者Darknet就我们目前所做的其他工作,以确定哪些是这些新药物和保健及社会影响如何调整预防信息。
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引用次数: 0
Systematic Analysis of Web Browser Caches Web浏览器缓存的系统分析
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431.3240443
Hoai Viet Nguyen, L. Lo Iacono, H. Federrath
The caching of frequently requested web resources is an integral part of the web ever since. Cacheability is the main pillar for the web's scalability and an important mechanism for optimizing resource consumption and performance. Caches exist in many variations and locations on the path between web client and server with the browser cache being ubiquitous to date. Web developers need to have a profound understanding of the concepts and policies of web caching even when exploiting these advantages is not relevant. Neglecting web caching may otherwise result in more serve consequences than the simple loss of scalability and efficiency. Recent misuse of web caching systems shows to affect the application's behavior as well as privacy and security. In this paper we introduce a tool-based approach to disburden web developers while keeping them informed about caching influences. Our first contribution is a structured test suite containing 397 web caching test cases. In order to make this collection easily adoptable we introduce an automated testing tool for executing the test cases against web browsers. Based on the developed testing tool we conduct a systematic analysis on the behavior of web browser caches and their compliance with relevant caching standards. Our findings on desktop and mobile versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Edge show many diversities as well as discrepancies. Appropriate tooling supports web developers in uncovering such adversities. As our baseline of test cases is specified using a specification language that enables extensibility, developers as well as administrators and researchers can systematically add and empirically explore caching properties of interest even in non-browser scenarios.
缓存频繁请求的web资源从那时起就成为了web不可分割的一部分。可缓存性是web可伸缩性的主要支柱,也是优化资源消耗和性能的重要机制。缓存存在于web客户端和服务器之间的路径上的许多变化和位置,浏览器缓存到目前为止无处不在。Web开发人员需要对Web缓存的概念和策略有深刻的理解,即使利用这些优势并不相关。忽略web缓存可能会导致更多的服务后果,而不仅仅是可伸缩性和效率的损失。最近对web缓存系统的滥用不仅影响了应用程序的行为,还影响了隐私和安全。在本文中,我们介绍了一种基于工具的方法来减轻web开发人员的负担,同时让他们了解缓存的影响。我们的第一个贡献是一个包含397个web缓存测试用例的结构化测试套件。为了使这个集合易于采用,我们引入了一个自动化的测试工具,用于针对web浏览器执行测试用例。基于所开发的测试工具,我们对web浏览器缓存的行为及其对相关缓存标准的遵从性进行了系统分析。我们对Chrome、Firefox、Safari和Edge的桌面和移动版本的调查结果显示出许多差异和差异。适当的工具支持web开发人员发现这些不利因素。由于我们的测试用例基线是使用支持可扩展性的规范语言指定的,开发人员、管理员和研究人员甚至可以在非浏览器场景中系统地添加和经验地探索感兴趣的缓存属性。
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引用次数: 6
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Studies 第二届网络研究国际会议论文集
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431
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引用次数: 0
Tool Criticism: From Digital Methods to Digital Methodology 工具批评:从数字方法到数字方法论
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431.3240436
Karin van Es, M. Wieringa, M. Schäfer
While the use of tools is not new for the sciences, the, traditionally, qualitative research methods driven humanities were using tools scarcely. The increasing use of computer-aided methods within the humanities has been summarized as 'computational turn' [36], digital humanities [4, 7], eResearch [25] and/or eHumanities [41]. In the Humanities, scholars are in the unique position to actively question the relatively new role and influence of tools on research. Such reflection, however, need not be limited to the Humanities, but holds value for both scholars and scientists. Digital tools and data have changed the production of knowledge [22, 26, 34]. Although there has been attention to biases in digital tools, discussions have been scattered not only across monographs, articles and book chapters lacking a proper label, but also tend to remain in their respective academic bubbles. Different methods have emerged, each embedded in their own fields. In this paper we reflect on the novel practices of digital methods and data analysis in the humanities and discuss the epistemic impact of knowledge technology, more generally. Consequently, this paper argues for the development of a rigorous inquiry into the tools used for research to be an essential element of the overall research process. We dub this enquiry 'tool criticism'. Tool criticism paves the way to move from digital methods [32, 33] to 'digital methodology'.
虽然工具的使用对科学来说并不新鲜,但传统上由定性研究方法驱动的人文学科却很少使用工具。在人文学科中越来越多地使用计算机辅助方法被概括为“计算转向”[36]、数字人文学科[4,7]、eResearch[25]和/或eHumanities[41]。在人文学科中,学者们处于独特的位置,可以积极质疑工具在研究中的相对较新的作用和影响。然而,这种反思并不局限于人文学科,它对学者和科学家都有价值。数字工具和数据已经改变了知识的生产[22,26,34]。尽管人们已经注意到数字工具中的偏见,但讨论不仅分散在缺乏适当标签的专著、文章和书籍章节中,而且往往停留在各自的学术泡沫中。不同的方法已经出现,每一种都扎根于各自的领域。在本文中,我们反思了人文学科中数字方法和数据分析的新实践,并更广泛地讨论了知识技术对认知的影响。因此,本文主张对用于研究的工具进行严格的调查,以成为整个研究过程的基本要素。我们称这种调查为“工具批评”。工具批评为从数字方法[32,33]转向“数字方法论”铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 28
What is Digital Humanities' identity in interdisciplinary practices?: An experiment with digital tools for visualizing the francophone DH network 数字人文学科在跨学科实践中的身份是什么?用数字工具将法语国家的卫生保健网络可视化的实验
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431.3240439
Orélie Desfriches-Doria, Henri Sergent, Félicia Tran, Yoann Haettich, Justine Borel
Concerning DH, interdisciplinarity carries notions as frontiers, overlapping parts of scientific fields, boundaries in historical perspectives. How should one define interdisciplinary means of working in DH? What kind of interdisciplinarity is DH about? And what disciplinary foundations should apply to it? We will first propose an overview of various definitions from the francophone DH field before presenting the Actor Network Theory. We will then introduce the digital tools and methodology developed to study the DH network in a general way. Each student conducted a micro-study with a different corpus. They are briefly exposed and their results follow. Lastly we synthetize some elements to discuss based on these studies and we draw a few perspectives to pursue this research.
在卫生保健方面,跨学科承载着前沿的概念,科学领域的重叠部分,历史视角的边界。如何界定在卫生署工作的跨学科方法?DH是一种什么样的跨学科?什么学科基础应该适用于它?在介绍行动者网络理论之前,我们将首先概述法语DH领域的各种定义。然后,我们将介绍为研究卫生署网络而开发的数字工具和方法。每个学生用不同的语料库进行微观研究。他们被短暂地暴露,结果随之而来。最后,在这些研究的基础上,我们综合了一些要点进行了讨论,并提出了一些进一步研究的观点。
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引用次数: 3
Seeing Through the Web: Tools, Practices, Transformations 透过网络看世界:工具、实践、变革
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431.3240432
Everardo Reyes, S. Labelle
In this article we describe our general approach to Web Studies. We consider the Web as a complex system and environment that might be seized from diverse entry points such as: its visuality, its technicality, and its practicality. We observe some current trends regarding the study of the Web as an object of inquiry. Our survey takes into account different perspectives and examples as they are represented in the recent edition of the International Conference on Web Studies (WS.2 2018).
在本文中,我们将介绍网络研究的一般方法。我们认为网络是一个复杂的系统和环境,可以从不同的切入点进行研究,例如:网络的可视性、技术性和实用性。我们观察了当前将网络作为研究对象的一些趋势。我们的调查考虑到了最近一届网络研究国际会议(WS.2 2018)中的不同观点和实例。
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引用次数: 1
Crossplatform References on Social Media: Methodological Challenges and Research Avenues 社交媒体的跨平台参考:方法论挑战和研究途径
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1145/3240431.3240441
Antonin Segault
This paper studies the uses of social media from a crossplatform perspective. It firstly defines the concept of crossplatform references and the different forms they can take. A set of methodological challenges that may hinder the analysis of such references is then described, alongside with some possible solutions and tools. Promising research avenues are finally presented as a potential research agenda.
本文从跨平台的角度来研究社交媒体的使用。首先定义了跨平台引用的概念以及跨平台引用的不同形式。然后描述了一组可能阻碍对这些参考文献进行分析的方法挑战,以及一些可能的解决方案和工具。有前途的研究途径最终作为一个潜在的研究议程提出。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Studies
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