Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314354
Jason C. Quinn, Braden J. Limb, Zeljko Pantic, P. Barr, R. Zane, Thomas H. Bradley
Integration of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems in roadways and vehicles represents a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion transportation systems. The economic feasibility and environmental impact of WPT applied to the transportation system is evaluated through the development of engineering system models. For a 20% penetration of the WPT technology in vehicles, results show a 20% reduction in air pollutants, 10% reduction in energy use and CO2 emissions and a societal level payback (defined as total cost of ownership savings compared to a traditional vehicle equal to roadway infrastructure) of 3 years. The modeled system covers 86% of all traffic in the US, impacts 40% of all roadways and shifts $180 billion per year from oil production to jobs in local power generation and development, construction, and maintenance of electrified roadways and new electric vehicles. Results on model sensitivity to energy prices, payback as a function of penetration, and trucking vs light duty use are presented.
{"title":"Feasibility of wireless power transfer for electrification of transportation: Techno-economics and life cycle assessment","authors":"Jason C. Quinn, Braden J. Limb, Zeljko Pantic, P. Barr, R. Zane, Thomas H. Bradley","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314354","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems in roadways and vehicles represents a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion transportation systems. The economic feasibility and environmental impact of WPT applied to the transportation system is evaluated through the development of engineering system models. For a 20% penetration of the WPT technology in vehicles, results show a 20% reduction in air pollutants, 10% reduction in energy use and CO2 emissions and a societal level payback (defined as total cost of ownership savings compared to a traditional vehicle equal to roadway infrastructure) of 3 years. The modeled system covers 86% of all traffic in the US, impacts 40% of all roadways and shifts $180 billion per year from oil production to jobs in local power generation and development, construction, and maintenance of electrified roadways and new electric vehicles. Results on model sensitivity to energy prices, payback as a function of penetration, and trucking vs light duty use are presented.","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116033616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314353
Leila Ghadbeigi, Taylor D. Sparks, Jaye K. Harada, Bethany R. Lettiere
In this work we present a data-driven approach to the rational design of battery materials based on both resource and performance considerations. This work builds upon previous efforts by Gaultois and coworkers to use data mining to explore battery materials. A large database of Li-ion battery material has been created by abstracting information from over 200 publications. The database consists of over 16,000 data points from various classes of materials. In addition to reference information regarding author, publication, synthesis and material composition, key parameters and variables determining the performance of batteries were collected including energy density, power density, discharge capacity, lithiation potential, capacity retention upon cycling and many others. In addition to performance considerations, this work also includes resource considerations such as crustal abundance and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, a commonly accepted measure of market concentration, calculated from geological data (known elemental reserves) and geopolitical data (elemental production). The data is organized into a free web-based resource where battery researchers can employ a unique visualization method to plot database parameters against one another. The resulting high-information density plots are well suited to explore correlation, comparison and analysis of both performance and resource considerations in battery materials simultaneously. This contribution is concerned with cathode and anode electrode materials. Cathode materials are mostly based on the intercalation mechanism while anode materials are primarily based on conversion and alloying. Also Na and Li resources are compared to determine viability of one battery type that can supply worldwide energy by renewable resources. Results indicate that cathode materials follow a common trend consistent with their crystal structure. On the other hand anode materials display behavior based on elemental composition. Of particular interest is that cobaltate electrodes may not be justifiable in terms of performance and resource consideration in cathodes and those silicate materials may be a good candidate for next generation anode electrodes. Resource consideration of Li-ion batteries showed that, there is an exhaustible supply that necessitates production of other type of batteries such as Na-ion batteries.
{"title":"Data-mining approach for battery materials","authors":"Leila Ghadbeigi, Taylor D. Sparks, Jaye K. Harada, Bethany R. Lettiere","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314353","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we present a data-driven approach to the rational design of battery materials based on both resource and performance considerations. This work builds upon previous efforts by Gaultois and coworkers to use data mining to explore battery materials. A large database of Li-ion battery material has been created by abstracting information from over 200 publications. The database consists of over 16,000 data points from various classes of materials. In addition to reference information regarding author, publication, synthesis and material composition, key parameters and variables determining the performance of batteries were collected including energy density, power density, discharge capacity, lithiation potential, capacity retention upon cycling and many others. In addition to performance considerations, this work also includes resource considerations such as crustal abundance and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, a commonly accepted measure of market concentration, calculated from geological data (known elemental reserves) and geopolitical data (elemental production). The data is organized into a free web-based resource where battery researchers can employ a unique visualization method to plot database parameters against one another. The resulting high-information density plots are well suited to explore correlation, comparison and analysis of both performance and resource considerations in battery materials simultaneously. This contribution is concerned with cathode and anode electrode materials. Cathode materials are mostly based on the intercalation mechanism while anode materials are primarily based on conversion and alloying. Also Na and Li resources are compared to determine viability of one battery type that can supply worldwide energy by renewable resources. Results indicate that cathode materials follow a common trend consistent with their crystal structure. On the other hand anode materials display behavior based on elemental composition. Of particular interest is that cobaltate electrodes may not be justifiable in terms of performance and resource consideration in cathodes and those silicate materials may be a good candidate for next generation anode electrodes. Resource consideration of Li-ion batteries showed that, there is an exhaustible supply that necessitates production of other type of batteries such as Na-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127911230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314347
Jared J. Thomas, E. Tingey, A. Ning
Wind farm layout has a significant impact on the productivity of a wind farm. To ensure that the turbines are placed in the most advantageous arrangement, optimization algorithms are often used during the layout design process. Depending on the wake model used for the optimization, optimizing the layout can be time intensive or potentially inaccurate. In this paper we present a comparison of optimization results using two simple wake models, the FLORIS model and the Jensen model. Results highlight some of the key similarities and differences of layout optimization results when different wake models are used.
{"title":"Comparison of two wake models for use in gradient-based wind farm layout optimization","authors":"Jared J. Thomas, E. Tingey, A. Ning","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314347","url":null,"abstract":"Wind farm layout has a significant impact on the productivity of a wind farm. To ensure that the turbines are placed in the most advantageous arrangement, optimization algorithms are often used during the layout design process. Depending on the wake model used for the optimization, optimizing the layout can be time intensive or potentially inaccurate. In this paper we present a comparison of optimization results using two simple wake models, the FLORIS model and the Jensen model. Results highlight some of the key similarities and differences of layout optimization results when different wake models are used.","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134537833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314337
T. T. Tran, C. Bianchi, Joseph Melville, Keunhan Park, Amanda D. Smith
Pressure retarded osmosis is a technique for recovering salinity gradient energy, and new technology proposed as a renewable energy resource. Two water bodies with differing salt concentrations are separated by a membrane which is permeable to water but not to salt, and water is driven toward the section of high salinity, where its hydraulic pressure can be recovered as hydroelectric power. This paper briefly describes PRO development, and describes the design of a simple custom-built bench-scale PRO demonstration module. The feasibility of the process is confirmed and experimental results are compared with those of other researchers and with theoretical predictions. A cellulose membrane is used to separate the feed (fresh water) and draw (saline water) solutions, supported by a steel mesh. The geometry and relative opening area of this mesh spacer is investigated for its effect on water transport and calculated power density. This work lays a foundation for optimization of the mesh spacer for desired membrane performance, and for improved understanding of the fluid and molecular dynamics at the membrane interface.
{"title":"Design of housing and mesh spacer supports for salinity gradient hydroelectric power generation using pressure retarded osmosis","authors":"T. T. Tran, C. Bianchi, Joseph Melville, Keunhan Park, Amanda D. Smith","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314337","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure retarded osmosis is a technique for recovering salinity gradient energy, and new technology proposed as a renewable energy resource. Two water bodies with differing salt concentrations are separated by a membrane which is permeable to water but not to salt, and water is driven toward the section of high salinity, where its hydraulic pressure can be recovered as hydroelectric power. This paper briefly describes PRO development, and describes the design of a simple custom-built bench-scale PRO demonstration module. The feasibility of the process is confirmed and experimental results are compared with those of other researchers and with theoretical predictions. A cellulose membrane is used to separate the feed (fresh water) and draw (saline water) solutions, supported by a steel mesh. The geometry and relative opening area of this mesh spacer is investigated for its effect on water transport and calculated power density. This work lays a foundation for optimization of the mesh spacer for desired membrane performance, and for improved understanding of the fluid and molecular dynamics at the membrane interface.","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126218887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314333
Anuradha Krishnaswamy
This paper introduces the TripleRM Sustainability Model as a tool for long term strategic Risk, Resilience and Resource Management (TripleRM) of Sustainable Cities. Through predictive scenario analysis, the model aims to help minimize social, economic and environmental damage due to infrastructure system failure, and assist cities around the world become more resilient to challenges such as flooding from storm surges during hurricanes. By aiding proactive planning for disruptive events, the TripleRM Sustainability Model assists in identifying, assessing, and reducing or eliminating the risk of failure of infrastructure systems, helps prioritize projects through a comparative study of quantified risk pre- and post-application of remedial sustainable solutions, and also aids in resource allocation. The TripleRM, Sustainability Model can be useful in preparing and responding to changes by helping adapt sustainably, by changing critical areas of weakness into spheres of strength and resilience, and by converting challenging circumstances into opportunities for growth.
{"title":"The TripleRM sustainability model: Strategic risk, resilience and resource management of cities (Sustainable infrastructure planning and management of resilient cities)","authors":"Anuradha Krishnaswamy","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314333","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the TripleRM Sustainability Model as a tool for long term strategic Risk, Resilience and Resource Management (TripleRM) of Sustainable Cities. Through predictive scenario analysis, the model aims to help minimize social, economic and environmental damage due to infrastructure system failure, and assist cities around the world become more resilient to challenges such as flooding from storm surges during hurricanes. By aiding proactive planning for disruptive events, the TripleRM Sustainability Model assists in identifying, assessing, and reducing or eliminating the risk of failure of infrastructure systems, helps prioritize projects through a comparative study of quantified risk pre- and post-application of remedial sustainable solutions, and also aids in resource allocation. The TripleRM, Sustainability Model can be useful in preparing and responding to changes by helping adapt sustainably, by changing critical areas of weakness into spheres of strength and resilience, and by converting challenging circumstances into opportunities for growth.","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134062668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314350
Lujia Feng, Durul Ulutan, L. Mears
As an important part of a sustainability strategy, energy usage in an automotive manufacturing plant is an important topic that has recently gained significant attention. Researchers mostly focus on energy conservation through increasing the efficiency of such facilities, optimizing energy supplies, and scheduling efficient production sequences. However, attention is seldom focused on holistic energy modeling at the level of process assembly lines. In this study, the problem of energy consumption during the automotive vehicle final assembly (FA) process is discussed. An energy classification in the final assembly department is generated to give more transparent understanding of the energy consumption in each category. Typical energy models of every energy category are presented to demonstrate the potential energy savings through a combined approach. Finally, considering the current status of most manufacturing plant metering systems, a three-level metering system is proposed to support the hybrid (i.e., discrete and continuous, deterministic and stochastic) modeling approach.
{"title":"Energy consumption modeling and analyses in automotive manufacturing final assembly process","authors":"Lujia Feng, Durul Ulutan, L. Mears","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314350","url":null,"abstract":"As an important part of a sustainability strategy, energy usage in an automotive manufacturing plant is an important topic that has recently gained significant attention. Researchers mostly focus on energy conservation through increasing the efficiency of such facilities, optimizing energy supplies, and scheduling efficient production sequences. However, attention is seldom focused on holistic energy modeling at the level of process assembly lines. In this study, the problem of energy consumption during the automotive vehicle final assembly (FA) process is discussed. An energy classification in the final assembly department is generated to give more transparent understanding of the energy consumption in each category. Typical energy models of every energy category are presented to demonstrate the potential energy savings through a combined approach. Finally, considering the current status of most manufacturing plant metering systems, a three-level metering system is proposed to support the hybrid (i.e., discrete and continuous, deterministic and stochastic) modeling approach.","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132644817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314348
E. C. Telles, Sam Yang, J. Vargas, J. Ordonez, A. Mariano, M. Chagas, Taylor Davis
This paper presents the development and analysis of a multigeneration system prototype associated with microal-gae culture for biomass production. The system was designed to recover waste heat from the compression ignition internal combustion engine (e.g., diesel engine) and to capture CO2 in its emissions for microalgae growth. Two algae species, Scenedesmus sp. and algae mixture from a local park in Curitiba, were separately cultured in a 20 L-jug by supplying two distinct CO2 sources: air and diesel engine emissions. Subsequently, microalgae growth rates were determined from absorbances and analyzed to construe whether emissions in lieu of air enhanced the microalgae growth. Similarly, mini-photobioreactor (mPBR) was employed to culture local algae mixture with air and emissions as CO2 sources, to assess the practicality of using mPBR for microalgae culture compared to traditional methods. In addition to microalgae culture, a thermodynamic analysis of the multigeneration system was performed to examine the effects of waste heat recovery and biomass production on the overall system efficiency. According to the analysis, the system efficiency increased by 13.55% with waste heat recovery and the use of biodiesel obtained from microalgae. Furthermore, experimental results proved increased biomass production using diesel engine emissions, and PBR was determined to be more effective than tanks or ponds for microalgae culture. As a result, this work verified the possible use of CO2-rich diesel engine emissions for microalgae culture using mPBR and waste heat recovery for an improved multigeneration system free of greenhouse gas emissions.
{"title":"Stationary compression ignition internal combustion engines (CI-ICE) CO2 capturing via microalgae culture using a mini-photobioreactor","authors":"E. C. Telles, Sam Yang, J. Vargas, J. Ordonez, A. Mariano, M. Chagas, Taylor Davis","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314348","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development and analysis of a multigeneration system prototype associated with microal-gae culture for biomass production. The system was designed to recover waste heat from the compression ignition internal combustion engine (e.g., diesel engine) and to capture CO2 in its emissions for microalgae growth. Two algae species, Scenedesmus sp. and algae mixture from a local park in Curitiba, were separately cultured in a 20 L-jug by supplying two distinct CO2 sources: air and diesel engine emissions. Subsequently, microalgae growth rates were determined from absorbances and analyzed to construe whether emissions in lieu of air enhanced the microalgae growth. Similarly, mini-photobioreactor (mPBR) was employed to culture local algae mixture with air and emissions as CO2 sources, to assess the practicality of using mPBR for microalgae culture compared to traditional methods. In addition to microalgae culture, a thermodynamic analysis of the multigeneration system was performed to examine the effects of waste heat recovery and biomass production on the overall system efficiency. According to the analysis, the system efficiency increased by 13.55% with waste heat recovery and the use of biodiesel obtained from microalgae. Furthermore, experimental results proved increased biomass production using diesel engine emissions, and PBR was determined to be more effective than tanks or ponds for microalgae culture. As a result, this work verified the possible use of CO2-rich diesel engine emissions for microalgae culture using mPBR and waste heat recovery for an improved multigeneration system free of greenhouse gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122896060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314335
K. Rabosky
The number of photovoltaic (PV) installations worldwide has recently seen tremendous growth owing to the rapid decline in the consumer cost of solar. These devices benefit from the maturity of the silicon industry as a whole, with world record devices reaching approximately 26% efficiency [1], close to the theoretical maximum for that type of device. Alternative device technologies, including concentrated systems and thin film systems, may be able to improve on the efficiency and/or costs of the current Si devices. At this time, both of these alternatives are in use, and comprise a small portion of installations worldwide. However, both technologies face challenges including increasing cell efficiencies, decreasing production costs and optimizing materials. Research and development is focused on addressing these challenges within both concentrated and thin film PV. Addressing these challenges will allow both of these technologies to compete fully with commercial PV.
{"title":"Beyond silicon: Alternative photovoltaic technologies","authors":"K. Rabosky","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314335","url":null,"abstract":"The number of photovoltaic (PV) installations worldwide has recently seen tremendous growth owing to the rapid decline in the consumer cost of solar. These devices benefit from the maturity of the silicon industry as a whole, with world record devices reaching approximately 26% efficiency [1], close to the theoretical maximum for that type of device. Alternative device technologies, including concentrated systems and thin film systems, may be able to improve on the efficiency and/or costs of the current Si devices. At this time, both of these alternatives are in use, and comprise a small portion of installations worldwide. However, both technologies face challenges including increasing cell efficiencies, decreasing production costs and optimizing materials. Research and development is focused on addressing these challenges within both concentrated and thin film PV. Addressing these challenges will allow both of these technologies to compete fully with commercial PV.","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131227575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314346
R. Barrett, I. Freeman, A. Ning
The purpose of this research is to enhance the performance of wind turbine blades by exploring the effect of adding airfoil and material layer thicknesses to the optimization design process. This is accomplished by performing an aerostructural blade optimization to minimize mass over annual energy production and thereby reduce the cost of energy. Changing airfoil thickness allows the airfoil shape to evolve as part of the optimization. The airfoil thicknesses are allowed to vary within two airfoil families, the TU-Delft and NACA 64-series, that are used in the NREL 5-MW reference turbine. Both experimental wind tunnel and computational data are used to estimate the blade's aerodynamic performance. Material layer thicknesses in the composite lamina spar cap and trailing edge panels are separated and added to the optimization. Results show a reduction of 0.8% in the full optimization as compared to the reference turbine due to an increase in energy production (+0.6%) and decrease in blade mass (-2.7%).
{"title":"Effect of airfoil and composite layer thicknesses on an aerostructural blade optimization for wind turbines","authors":"R. Barrett, I. Freeman, A. Ning","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314346","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to enhance the performance of wind turbine blades by exploring the effect of adding airfoil and material layer thicknesses to the optimization design process. This is accomplished by performing an aerostructural blade optimization to minimize mass over annual energy production and thereby reduce the cost of energy. Changing airfoil thickness allows the airfoil shape to evolve as part of the optimization. The airfoil thicknesses are allowed to vary within two airfoil families, the TU-Delft and NACA 64-series, that are used in the NREL 5-MW reference turbine. Both experimental wind tunnel and computational data are used to estimate the blade's aerodynamic performance. Material layer thicknesses in the composite lamina spar cap and trailing edge panels are separated and added to the optimization. Results show a reduction of 0.8% in the full optimization as compared to the reference turbine due to an increase in energy production (+0.6%) and decrease in blade mass (-2.7%).","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116888425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-09DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314345
Janhavi Kulkarni, Ben McCamish, Ziwei Ke, Scott Harpool, A. von Jouanne, E. Cotilla-Sánchez, Julia Zhang, A. Yokochi, T. Brekken
This research investigates the usage of data clustering and similarity matching techniques as a means for real-time electricity grid state estimation. Real-time grid estimation using real-time Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data can enable next-generation grid monitoring, control, and protection schemes. However, PMUs are typically installed at only a few of the hundreds of buses of any substantial network. This research leverages a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique used to identify trends and similarities in large data sets as a means to identify PMU measurements and grid states that are similar and can thus be used to estimate the state of unobserved buses. The presented technique is modular and fast. Once the initial decomposition is completed, additional calculations require only a few simple matrix operations and can thus be carried out in real-time or near real-time. Two systems are utilized to test and demonstrate the technique: the IEEE 14-bus system and a 286-bus system based on the Oregon State University (OSU) campus. The results show that in the case of the IEEE 14-bus system, with 3 out of 14 buses directly observed, the entire system state estimation error is between 5 percent and 13 percent. For the OSU 286-bus system, with 3 out of 286 buses observed, estimation errors of 3 percent to 20 percent are demonstrated. SVD similarity matching techniques have promising applications to grid state estimation problems in which speed and sparseness are key.
{"title":"Rapid grid state estimation using Singular Value Decomposition similarity matching","authors":"Janhavi Kulkarni, Ben McCamish, Ziwei Ke, Scott Harpool, A. von Jouanne, E. Cotilla-Sánchez, Julia Zhang, A. Yokochi, T. Brekken","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314345","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the usage of data clustering and similarity matching techniques as a means for real-time electricity grid state estimation. Real-time grid estimation using real-time Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data can enable next-generation grid monitoring, control, and protection schemes. However, PMUs are typically installed at only a few of the hundreds of buses of any substantial network. This research leverages a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique used to identify trends and similarities in large data sets as a means to identify PMU measurements and grid states that are similar and can thus be used to estimate the state of unobserved buses. The presented technique is modular and fast. Once the initial decomposition is completed, additional calculations require only a few simple matrix operations and can thus be carried out in real-time or near real-time. Two systems are utilized to test and demonstrate the technique: the IEEE 14-bus system and a 286-bus system based on the Oregon State University (OSU) campus. The results show that in the case of the IEEE 14-bus system, with 3 out of 14 buses directly observed, the entire system state estimation error is between 5 percent and 13 percent. For the OSU 286-bus system, with 3 out of 286 buses observed, estimation errors of 3 percent to 20 percent are demonstrated. SVD similarity matching techniques have promising applications to grid state estimation problems in which speed and sparseness are key.","PeriodicalId":147093,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129579215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：