M. Grunho, C. Godinho, D. Sousa-Catita, F. Vicente, L. Proença, Ricardo Carregosa, Frederico Marx, Morgane Tomé, Josefa Domingos, J. Fonseca
A growing body of evidence suggests that nutritional status may play an important role in the development and course of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Nutritional status is known to influence PD motor and non-motor features and is in turn influenced by disease duration and severity. A proper nutritional status assessment and intervention should be incorporated in the management and follow-up of PD patients. This study aims to characterize the impact of nutritional status in multiple domains of PD and to explore the feasibility and the effectiveness of a customized and intensive nutritional intervention compared to standard care.
{"title":"Nutritional and Motor Functional Status in Parkinson’s Disease: The NutriSPark Protocol","authors":"M. Grunho, C. Godinho, D. Sousa-Catita, F. Vicente, L. Proença, Ricardo Carregosa, Frederico Marx, Morgane Tomé, Josefa Domingos, J. Fonseca","doi":"10.3390/MSF2021005029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/MSF2021005029","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of evidence suggests that nutritional status may play an important role in the development and course of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Nutritional status is known to influence PD motor and non-motor features and is in turn influenced by disease duration and severity. A proper nutritional status assessment and intervention should be incorporated in the management and follow-up of PD patients. This study aims to characterize the impact of nutritional status in multiple domains of PD and to explore the feasibility and the effectiveness of a customized and intensive nutritional intervention compared to standard care.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115565959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Grunho, C. Godinho, M. Patita, I. Mocanu, A. Vieira, A. De Matos, Ricardo Carregosa, Frederico Marx, Morgane Tomé, D. Sousa-Catita, L. Proença, T. Outeiro, J. Fonseca
The hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (AS) aggregates. Prior to the central nervous system involvement, PD establishes itself in the gut as a result of the complex interplay between microbiota, the host’s immune/neural systems and increased intestinal permeability. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients present a higher number of AS aggregates in the intestinal wall and an increased risk of developing PD. By studying AS aggregates in gut biopsy specimens of IBD patients and controls, this project aims to further clarify the pathophysiology of PD and to explore the potential of gut a biopsy for AS aggregates as a biomarker for prodromal PD.
{"title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Alpha-Synuclein Aggregates and Parkinson’s Disease: The InflamaSPark Protocol","authors":"M. Grunho, C. Godinho, M. Patita, I. Mocanu, A. Vieira, A. De Matos, Ricardo Carregosa, Frederico Marx, Morgane Tomé, D. Sousa-Catita, L. Proença, T. Outeiro, J. Fonseca","doi":"10.3390/MSF2021005028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/MSF2021005028","url":null,"abstract":"The hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (AS) aggregates. Prior to the central nervous system involvement, PD establishes itself in the gut as a result of the complex interplay between microbiota, the host’s immune/neural systems and increased intestinal permeability. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients present a higher number of AS aggregates in the intestinal wall and an increased risk of developing PD. By studying AS aggregates in gut biopsy specimens of IBD patients and controls, this project aims to further clarify the pathophysiology of PD and to explore the potential of gut a biopsy for AS aggregates as a biomarker for prodromal PD.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125066843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pacheco, M. A. Cavacas, P. Mascarenhas, Pedro Guedes de Oliveira, C. Zagalo
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the literature about the incidence of oral mucositis and its degrees (mild, moderate, and severe), in patients undergoing head and neck cancer treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery). Addressing this issue is important since oral mucositis has a negative impact on oral health and significantly deteriorates the quality of life. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team, including dentists, should be involved in the treatment. The overall oral mucositis incidence was 89.4%. The global incidence for mild, moderate, and severe degrees were 16.8%, 34.5%, and 26.4%, respectively. The high incidence rates reported in this review point out the need for greater care in terms of the oral health of these patients.
{"title":"Incidence of Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Cancer Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"R. Pacheco, M. A. Cavacas, P. Mascarenhas, Pedro Guedes de Oliveira, C. Zagalo","doi":"10.3390/MSF2021005023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/MSF2021005023","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the literature about the incidence of oral mucositis and its degrees (mild, moderate, and severe), in patients undergoing head and neck cancer treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery). Addressing this issue is important since oral mucositis has a negative impact on oral health and significantly deteriorates the quality of life. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team, including dentists, should be involved in the treatment. The overall oral mucositis incidence was 89.4%. The global incidence for mild, moderate, and severe degrees were 16.8%, 34.5%, and 26.4%, respectively. The high incidence rates reported in this review point out the need for greater care in terms of the oral health of these patients.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134157571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Ferraz, S. Bandarra, P. Mascarenhas, I. Barahona, Rui Martins, A. C. Ribeiro
The interindividual variability of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) therapy results from the phenotype variability associated with the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) gene, namely the CYP2C19*17 allele. Our aim was to characterize patients’ genetic variability undergoing PPI therapy. A sample of 33 oral mucosa cells from Portuguese pharmacy patients was collected, followed by genotyping. The allelic frequencies of CYP2C19*1 (-806C) and CYP2C19*17 (-806T) were 71.2% and 28.8%, respectively. The genotypic frequencies for CYP2C19*1/*1 and CYP2C19*1/*17 were 42.4% and 57.6%, respectively, and 19 of these patients may have a Rapid Metabolizer (RM) phenotype pharmaceutical opinion letter, based on genetic evidence.
{"title":"Characterization of CYP2C19*17 Polymorphism in a Portuguese Population Sample Relevant for Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy—A Pilot Study","authors":"A. M. Ferraz, S. Bandarra, P. Mascarenhas, I. Barahona, Rui Martins, A. C. Ribeiro","doi":"10.3390/MSF2021005019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/MSF2021005019","url":null,"abstract":"The interindividual variability of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) therapy results from the phenotype variability associated with the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) gene, namely the CYP2C19*17 allele. Our aim was to characterize patients’ genetic variability undergoing PPI therapy. A sample of 33 oral mucosa cells from Portuguese pharmacy patients was collected, followed by genotyping. The allelic frequencies of CYP2C19*1 (-806C) and CYP2C19*17 (-806T) were 71.2% and 28.8%, respectively. The genotypic frequencies for CYP2C19*1/*1 and CYP2C19*1/*17 were 42.4% and 57.6%, respectively, and 19 of these patients may have a Rapid Metabolizer (RM) phenotype pharmaceutical opinion letter, based on genetic evidence.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115169442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Antunes, Patrícia Oliveira, J. Cardoso, T. Almeida
The literature shows that adverse life experiences may harm individuals. The main objectives of this research were to study the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and empathy in adulthood and analyse differences between victims and nonvictims of interparental conflict. Our research evidenced that adverse childhood experiences affect individuals’ empathy in adulthood, and victims of interparental violence experienced other childhood victimization.
{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences and Empathy: The Role of Interparental Conflict","authors":"A. Antunes, Patrícia Oliveira, J. Cardoso, T. Almeida","doi":"10.3390/MSF2021005030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/MSF2021005030","url":null,"abstract":"The literature shows that adverse life experiences may harm individuals. The main objectives of this research were to study the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and empathy in adulthood and analyse differences between victims and nonvictims of interparental conflict. Our research evidenced that adverse childhood experiences affect individuals’ empathy in adulthood, and victims of interparental violence experienced other childhood victimization.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117074539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to assess COVID-19 perceived risk, confidence and its impact on potentially infected patients’ management practices, in a clinical dental education setting. The survey was conducted by application of a self-administered questionnaire amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate high COVID-19 perceived risk and confidence levels (86.7% and 72.8%, respectively). A significantly lower risk perception was identified for individuals classifying COVID-19 as a moderately dangerous disease and confidence was significantly lower for women and for individuals not previously exposed to confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19. No factor-related significant differences were found on potentially infected patients’ management practices.
{"title":"COVID-19 Risk Perception and Confidence among Clinical Dental Students: Impact on Patient Management","authors":"Mariana Morgado, J. Mendes, L. Proença","doi":"10.3390/msf2021005026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2021005026","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess COVID-19 perceived risk, confidence and its impact on potentially infected patients’ management practices, in a clinical dental education setting. The survey was conducted by application of a self-administered questionnaire amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate high COVID-19 perceived risk and confidence levels (86.7% and 72.8%, respectively). A significantly lower risk perception was identified for individuals classifying COVID-19 as a moderately dangerous disease and confidence was significantly lower for women and for individuals not previously exposed to confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19. No factor-related significant differences were found on potentially infected patients’ management practices.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132935061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In patients with a cow’s milk protein allergy, the presence of these allergens in medicines, even in trace amounts, can trigger serious allergic reactions. The study of milk-related excipient prevalence in 165 antiasthmatic medicines, based on the information included in the Summary of Product Characteristics, revealed the presence of lactose in more than one third of these medicines. Since lactose may suffer cross-contamination with cow’s milk protein, these results are an alert to health professionals.
{"title":"Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: The Hidden Danger of Medicines’ Excipients","authors":"M. Santo, M. Auxtero, A. Figueiredo, I. Costa","doi":"10.3390/MSF2021005032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/MSF2021005032","url":null,"abstract":"In patients with a cow’s milk protein allergy, the presence of these allergens in medicines, even in trace amounts, can trigger serious allergic reactions. The study of milk-related excipient prevalence in 165 antiasthmatic medicines, based on the information included in the Summary of Product Characteristics, revealed the presence of lactose in more than one third of these medicines. Since lactose may suffer cross-contamination with cow’s milk protein, these results are an alert to health professionals.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131719257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Baúto, Ana Filipa Carreiro, M. Pereira, R. Guarda, Iris Almeida
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between the five-factor model of personality and its association with aggression in 30 men and eight women who are suspects of domestic violence. The results show a positive correlation between neuroticism and hostility, a negative correlation between openness to experience and overall aggression, a negative correlation between agreeableness and physical aggression and anger, and a negative correlation between conscientiousness and anger. These results show us the need for personality assessment in domestic violence suspects and future research about personality and aggression.
{"title":"Personality and Aggressive Behavior: The Relation between the Five-Factor and Aggression Models in a Domestic Violence Suspects Sample","authors":"R. Baúto, Ana Filipa Carreiro, M. Pereira, R. Guarda, Iris Almeida","doi":"10.3390/MSF2021005018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/MSF2021005018","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between the five-factor model of personality and its association with aggression in 30 men and eight women who are suspects of domestic violence. The results show a positive correlation between neuroticism and hostility, a negative correlation between openness to experience and overall aggression, a negative correlation between agreeableness and physical aggression and anger, and a negative correlation between conscientiousness and anger. These results show us the need for personality assessment in domestic violence suspects and future research about personality and aggression.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130673172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nascimento, J. Inácio, I. Ferreira, P. Diaz, P. Freitas, H. Barroso
Candida spp. colonization is recognized as a major risk factor for invasive candidiasis. To assess patient colonization, upon admission and during their stay in intensive care units (ICU), a surveillance study has been conducted since January 2020, in the Lisbon area of Portugal. A total of 219 swab samples were obtained from 113 ICU patients. The yeast identification was conducted by microbiological conventional and molecular methods. Upon admission to the ICU, 27% of patients were already colonized, and 17% became colonized during their ICU stay. Candida albicans was the most isolated species. These results may offer an opportunity for prevention of candidemia.
{"title":"Candida spp. Colonization among Intensive Care Unit Patients, Preliminary Results","authors":"T. Nascimento, J. Inácio, I. Ferreira, P. Diaz, P. Freitas, H. Barroso","doi":"10.3390/MSF2021005014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/MSF2021005014","url":null,"abstract":"Candida spp. colonization is recognized as a major risk factor for invasive candidiasis. To assess patient colonization, upon admission and during their stay in intensive care units (ICU), a surveillance study has been conducted since January 2020, in the Lisbon area of Portugal. A total of 219 swab samples were obtained from 113 ICU patients. The yeast identification was conducted by microbiological conventional and molecular methods. Upon admission to the ICU, 27% of patients were already colonized, and 17% became colonized during their ICU stay. Candida albicans was the most isolated species. These results may offer an opportunity for prevention of candidemia.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127022133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuno Venâncio, Gabriela G Pereira, João Pinto, Ana Fernandes
Patient-centric therapy is especially important in pediatrics and may be attained by three-dimensional printing. Filaments containing 30% w/w of theophylline were produced by hot-melt extrusion and printed using fused deposition modelling to produce tablets. Here, preliminary results evaluating the effect of infill geometry (cross, star, grid) on drug content and release are reported.
{"title":"Influence of the Infill Geometry of 3D-Printed Tablets on Drug Dissolution","authors":"Nuno Venâncio, Gabriela G Pereira, João Pinto, Ana Fernandes","doi":"10.3390/msf2021005015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2021005015","url":null,"abstract":"Patient-centric therapy is especially important in pediatrics and may be attained by three-dimensional printing. Filaments containing 30% w/w of theophylline were produced by hot-melt extrusion and printed using fused deposition modelling to produce tablets. Here, preliminary results evaluating the effect of infill geometry (cross, star, grid) on drug content and release are reported.","PeriodicalId":147460,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sciences Forum","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121657743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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