Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2307/j.ctt1ffjjqb.121
G. Leopardi, Steven J. Willett
{"title":"La Sera del dì di Festa","authors":"G. Leopardi, Steven J. Willett","doi":"10.2307/j.ctt1ffjjqb.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1ffjjqb.121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121862108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The one will kill the other. The book will kill the building.” With these stark words Victor Hugo predicted the outcome of the revolution in information technology set in motion by Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press. What he meant was that the printed word would replace architecture as the primary mode of human expression, that “the book of stone, so solid and so durable” would make way for “the book of paper, more solid and more durable still” (Notre-Dame de Paris, pt. v, 2). Writing several centuries after Gutenberg, on the eve of a building boom that would define the face of Paris up to the present day, Hugo must have known that he was overstating his point. Not only do buildings still serve as focal points of cultural selfdefinition, many if not most great works of art draw their power from a combination of different modes of expression. Far from being mutually exclusive, then, monumental architecture and the printed word can be combined to magnificent effect. Alice Oswald’s Memorial is a case in point. In order to explore the poem’s dual nature as a book of paper and a book of stone, it is helpful to view several of its defining characteristics in the context of various physical war monuments, both ancient and modern. Thus this essay is intended as a contribution to the study of war and memory, which of late has given rise to a surge of scholarly publications in the field of Classics and beyond.1 Memorial is a continuous poem without any punctuation that can be divided into three parts: Part A (pages 1–8) consists
{"title":"Book of Paper, Book of Stone: An Exploration of Alice Oswald's Memorial","authors":"C. Hahnemann","doi":"10.2307/ARION.22.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/ARION.22.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The one will kill the other. The book will kill the building.” With these stark words Victor Hugo predicted the outcome of the revolution in information technology set in motion by Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press. What he meant was that the printed word would replace architecture as the primary mode of human expression, that “the book of stone, so solid and so durable” would make way for “the book of paper, more solid and more durable still” (Notre-Dame de Paris, pt. v, 2). Writing several centuries after Gutenberg, on the eve of a building boom that would define the face of Paris up to the present day, Hugo must have known that he was overstating his point. Not only do buildings still serve as focal points of cultural selfdefinition, many if not most great works of art draw their power from a combination of different modes of expression. Far from being mutually exclusive, then, monumental architecture and the printed word can be combined to magnificent effect. Alice Oswald’s Memorial is a case in point. In order to explore the poem’s dual nature as a book of paper and a book of stone, it is helpful to view several of its defining characteristics in the context of various physical war monuments, both ancient and modern. Thus this essay is intended as a contribution to the study of war and memory, which of late has given rise to a surge of scholarly publications in the field of Classics and beyond.1 Memorial is a continuous poem without any punctuation that can be divided into three parts: Part A (pages 1–8) consists","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127939974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Vexed Pharmacopeia: Musings on Two Thousand Years of Scholarship Regarding the Ancient Spice Trade","authors":"Michel, Karenowska, Altshuler, Cobb","doi":"10.2307/arion.28.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/arion.28.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132210941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Greek Tragedy: Lost Plays and Neglected Authors","authors":"J. Walton","doi":"10.2307/arion.24.3.0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/arion.24.3.0159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130232453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is worth remembering that the Athens that created Socrates also destroyed him. In the same vein, the first trial by a citizen jury, symbolic in Aeschylus’ Oresteia of the birth of democracy itself, ends in a tie. Greece is full of these lessons of tough love and would have it no other way. Do such tales embody tragic pessimism only? On the contrary, Aeschylus is trying to show that democracy is something that can never been taken for granted, never be assumed to work because of the pedigree of its name. History has proven this many times. After all, Adolf Hitler was democratically elected. Democracy is something that must be continuously reevaluated to be certain its ideals are embodied in its practice. Putting his own ideals to the test, Socrates chose to die rather than escape. That the city misapplied the laws in no way nullified the principle of the law itself. Laws represented ideals, lodestars, by which life and moral judgment should be guided. To break the law and run away would have made him no better than his accusers. For the Greeks, ideals are on no account invalidated by being virtual rather than actual.
{"title":"“Unmodern Observations”","authors":"Herbert Golder","doi":"10.5860/choice.28-0238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.28-0238","url":null,"abstract":"It is worth remembering that the Athens that created Socrates also destroyed him. In the same vein, the first trial by a citizen jury, symbolic in Aeschylus’ Oresteia of the birth of democracy itself, ends in a tie. Greece is full of these lessons of tough love and would have it no other way. Do such tales embody tragic pessimism only? On the contrary, Aeschylus is trying to show that democracy is something that can never been taken for granted, never be assumed to work because of the pedigree of its name. History has proven this many times. After all, Adolf Hitler was democratically elected. Democracy is something that must be continuously reevaluated to be certain its ideals are embodied in its practice. Putting his own ideals to the test, Socrates chose to die rather than escape. That the city misapplied the laws in no way nullified the principle of the law itself. Laws represented ideals, lodestars, by which life and moral judgment should be guided. To break the law and run away would have made him no better than his accusers. For the Greeks, ideals are on no account invalidated by being virtual rather than actual.","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"239 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134505878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three Poems","authors":"Brett Foster","doi":"10.1353/arn.2012.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/arn.2012.0000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131492119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ingesting Magic: Ingredients and Ecstatic Outcomes in the Greek and Demotic Magical Papyri","authors":"A. Sumler","doi":"10.2307/ARION.25.1.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/ARION.25.1.0099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130798948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This falsified and yet, as I will later demonstrate, not falsified quotation should serve as a first hint of what I am trying to deal with in this discourse. Anyway, to acknowledge a fake as fake contributes only to the triumph of accountants. Why am I doing this, you might ask? The reason is simple and comes not from theoretical, but rather from practical, considerations. With this quotation as a prefix I elevate [erheben] the spectator, before he has even seen the first frame, to a high level, from which to enter the film. And I, the author of the film, do not let him descend from this height until it is over. Only in this state of sublimity [Erhabenheit] does something deeper become possible, a kind of truth that is the enemy of the merely factual. Ecstatic truth, I call it.
{"title":"On the Absolute, the Sublime, and Ecstatic Truth","authors":"W. Herzog, Moira Weigel","doi":"10.1353/arn.2010.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/arn.2010.0054","url":null,"abstract":"This falsified and yet, as I will later demonstrate, not falsified quotation should serve as a first hint of what I am trying to deal with in this discourse. Anyway, to acknowledge a fake as fake contributes only to the triumph of accountants. Why am I doing this, you might ask? The reason is simple and comes not from theoretical, but rather from practical, considerations. With this quotation as a prefix I elevate [erheben] the spectator, before he has even seen the first frame, to a high level, from which to enter the film. And I, the author of the film, do not let him descend from this height until it is over. Only in this state of sublimity [Erhabenheit] does something deeper become possible, a kind of truth that is the enemy of the merely factual. Ecstatic truth, I call it.","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131064477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Problem in Egypto-Canadian Cultural Relations","authors":"D. Young","doi":"10.2307/ARION.24.3.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/ARION.24.3.0187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131068508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bernard Williams came to bury ethics, not to criticize or revise it. He did not, of course, mean by that that there was nothing in traditional forms of ethical thinking (or nothing in traditional moral injunctions) that was of any substance or of any use or significance for human life. He did, however, think that the traditional notion of “ethics,” namely as an autonomous, knowledge-based, reflective, discursive doctrine which could give completely general and rationally persuasive answers to the question, “How should one live?” was unsalvageable. What, then, should replace ethics? Well, first of all, perhaps nothing will or should replace it. Instead of a single hegemonic discipline, which gave us answers or the framework for finding answers to the question how one should one live, there will just be a variety of different things. Perhaps human life is characterized by a welter of different goods that form no cognizable unity; perhaps the very idea of a single, or a single dominant, notion of “normativity” just is a mistake. After all, the very term “normativity” is a recent invention— it has no entry in the 1933 edition of the Oxford English Dictionary and its currency as a technical term in philosophy can scarcely date back to a period earlier than the 1980s. The fact / value or “is”/ “ought” distinction is older than that, and the adjective “normative” has sporadic earlier uses, but the idea that there was a single “thing” or phenomenon that could be designated by the single term “normativity” may be thought to represent not a mere verbal quirk, but a not-insignificant step in giving the discussion of substantive issues a particular turn or slant or structure.
伯纳德·威廉姆斯是来埋葬伦理的，而不是来批评或修改伦理的。当然，他的意思并不是说，传统形式的伦理思想(或传统的道德训诫)中没有任何实质内容，对人类生活没有任何用处或意义。然而，他确实认为，传统的“伦理学”概念，即作为一种自主的、以知识为基础的、反思的、论述的学说，可以对“人应该如何生活?”这个问题给出完全一般的、理性的、有说服力的答案。是无法挽回的。那么，应该用什么来取代伦理呢?首先，也许没有什么能取代它。而不是一个单一的霸权学科，它给我们答案或框架来寻找一个人应该如何生活的问题的答案，将会有各种不同的东西。也许人类生活的特点是一堆不同的东西，无法形成可认知的统一;或许，单一或单一主导的“规范性”概念本身就是一个错误。毕竟，“规范性”(normativity)这个词是最近才发明的——1933年版的《牛津英语词典》(Oxford English Dictionary)中没有它的词条，而它作为哲学专业术语的使用也只能追溯到20世纪80年代以前。事实/价值或“是”/“应该”的区别比这更古老，形容词“规范性”也有零星的早期用法，但有一个单一的“事物”或现象可以通过单一的术语“规范性”来指定，这一想法可能被认为不仅仅是口头上的怪癖，而是在给实质性问题的讨论一个特定的转向、倾斜或结构方面迈出了重要的一步。
{"title":"Did Williams Do Ethics?","authors":"Raymond Geuss","doi":"10.2307/ARION.19.3.0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/ARION.19.3.0141","url":null,"abstract":"Bernard Williams came to bury ethics, not to criticize or revise it. He did not, of course, mean by that that there was nothing in traditional forms of ethical thinking (or nothing in traditional moral injunctions) that was of any substance or of any use or significance for human life. He did, however, think that the traditional notion of “ethics,” namely as an autonomous, knowledge-based, reflective, discursive doctrine which could give completely general and rationally persuasive answers to the question, “How should one live?” was unsalvageable. What, then, should replace ethics? Well, first of all, perhaps nothing will or should replace it. Instead of a single hegemonic discipline, which gave us answers or the framework for finding answers to the question how one should one live, there will just be a variety of different things. Perhaps human life is characterized by a welter of different goods that form no cognizable unity; perhaps the very idea of a single, or a single dominant, notion of “normativity” just is a mistake. After all, the very term “normativity” is a recent invention— it has no entry in the 1933 edition of the Oxford English Dictionary and its currency as a technical term in philosophy can scarcely date back to a period earlier than the 1980s. The fact / value or “is”/ “ought” distinction is older than that, and the adjective “normative” has sporadic earlier uses, but the idea that there was a single “thing” or phenomenon that could be designated by the single term “normativity” may be thought to represent not a mere verbal quirk, but a not-insignificant step in giving the discussion of substantive issues a particular turn or slant or structure.","PeriodicalId":147483,"journal":{"name":"Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132924044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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