Background: Searching for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) references within large academic databases can be a challenging process, partly due to the dynamic and diverse definitions of words and terminologies used by multiple interest holders. Search hedges are preestablished search strings that aid in the efficacy of identifying and screening relevant articles. Validated search hedges focused on TGD people and topics will aid in identifying relevant literature.
Objective: This study aims to develop and validate the sensitivity and precision of 2 interdisciplinary and cross-cultural TGD search hedges designed for retrieving references from MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo, both on the Ovid platform.
Methods: Searches were conducted using the finalized search hedges via Ovid on June 7, 2024, yielding 31,055 references from MEDLINE and 22,924 references from APA PsycInfo. A random sample of 2330 records from MEDLINE and 2293 records from APA PsycInfo will be independently screened by at least 2 team members. At the title and abstract screening stage, references will be excluded if they (1) use solely binary terminology to describe gender, (2) focus on psychometric measurement of gender, or (3) focus on intersex or differences of sex development (DSD) topics. References will be included if they (1) report on transgender or gender diverse people, or both, in their sample; or (2) specifically discuss TGD communities or TGD topics. References without an abstract will be categorized as No_Abstract. References in which the TGD population is unclear will be categorized as LGB_Maybe_T or Mixed_Topics. Only references in the No_Abstract, LGB_Maybe_T, or Mixed_Topics categories will proceed to the full-text screening phase. In the full-text screening phase, references will be categorized as included if they (1) clearly distinguish between sexual identity and gender identity, (2) mention or discuss TGD topics or experiences in the Methods or Results sections, (3) communicate consideration for participants' gender self-identification and experiences, or (4) consider TGD populations as a distinct subpopulation. The results of the screening process will be used to calculate precision and sensitivity, with a targeted sensitivity of 100% and a targeted precision of 76% for each search hedge.
Results: Validation and data analysis are projected to be finished by December 2025, with results expected to be published in 2026.
Conclusions: Rigorous and transparent knowledge synthesis processes, starting with a high-quality search hedge, can help inform and equip community members, clinicians, policymakers, and other key decision-makers with scientifically sound evidence.
International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/76055.
Background: University students' mental health problems are prevalent globally, which underlines the need for accessible and cost-effective mental health services in universities. Loneliness is a key risk factor for mental health problems, and it disproportionately affects students from minority backgrounds. Therefore, addressing loneliness and fostering inclusion and equality can be crucial strategies for enhancing students' well-being.
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate a social-identity group intervention called Groups 4 Health (G4H) for university students' well-being using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Here, we present the research protocol and report preliminary descriptive findings from the study cohort.
Methods: The quantitative part of the study is a 4 parallel-arm nonrandomized controlled trial aiming to recruit 600 student participants from the University of Helsinki. The experimental group, which receives the G4H intervention, includes 5 group meetings held over a 7-week period. The experimental group will be compared with 2 active comparators: groups organized by the University of Helsinki study psychologists and a 7-week online intervention course focused on well-being and study skills, and to a no-intervention control group. The primary quantitative outcomes of the study are loneliness and depression; secondary outcomes include several measures of students' well-being, academic performance, and cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Quantitative data are collected before the intervention, during the intervention (at week 3), immediately post intervention (at week 7 after baseline), and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. The qualitative part of the study explores the challenges and opportunities related to inclusion and equality identified in the G4H intervention using observations, interviews, and focus group discussions.
Results: In the preliminary findings based on the first data freeze in March 2025, we observed differences in the background characteristics between the trial arms, highlighting the need to address group selection bias. First results from the study are expected in 2026.
Conclusions: If proven effective, these interventions have significant potential to improve students' well-being in both short and long term, fostering mental health and supporting academic success and future career paths.
Background: The HIV prevalence among student men who have sex with men (MSM) in China is substantially higher than that in the general student population. However, targeted interventions for this vulnerable population remain limited. While digital technologies and peer-led approaches have shown promise in HIV prevention among MSM, their application in university settings is underexplored.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of a multilevel, internet-based peer intervention model in reducing HIV and syphilis incidence, improving prevention behaviors, and increasing uptake of HIV-related services among student MSM attending university in Chengdu.
Methods: This prospective before-and-after self-controlled cohort study will evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-month internet-based intervention targeting university student MSM in Chengdu. A total of 484 HIV-negative student MSM among the MSM population will be recruited through WeChat and Blued. Trained student volunteers, supervised by community-based organization staff, will deliver monthly health education, one-on-one counseling, postexposure prophylaxis navigation, and HIV or sexually transmitted infection (STI) self-testing kits via secure online platforms. Participants will complete behavioral surveys and HIV/syphilis/hepatitis C virus/hepatitis B surface antigen self-tests at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Primary outcomes included changes in HIV and syphilis incidence rates; secondary outcomes included changes in sexual behaviors, HIV/STI testing frequency, preexposure prophylaxis/postexposure prophylaxis uptake, and knowledge improvement.
Results: As of May 1, 2025, the intervention materials and training program have been finalized, and recruitment has begun. Enrollment of participants started in April 2025. By the end of April, 127 participants had completed baseline surveys and HIV/STI self-tests.
Conclusions: This study will provide empirical evidence on the feasibility and effectiveness of an internet-based peer intervention for student MSM.
Background: Many people are affected by mental disorders. A transdiagnostic symptom and risk factor for most mental disorders is repetitive negative thinking (RNT). Psychotherapy can reduce RNT, but most people in need either do not receive psychotherapy or face long waiting times. In addition, people at risk for developing mental disorders do not receive psychotherapy. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions could overcome treatment barriers and support people at risk.
Objective: This scoping review aims to identify existing mHealth interventions for RNT and to give an overview of their characteristics regarding content, context, and technical features. Another aim is to identify which outcomes and questionnaires are used to measure RNT.
Methods: The scoping review will be conducted according to the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology for scoping reviews and will be reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. English-language, peer-reviewed literature involving mHealth interventions aimed at reducing RNT from 2003 onward will be included. A comprehensive search will be conducted in the following databases: PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers will conduct a 2-stage blinded screening process (screening of title or abstract and full text) of the articles according to the inclusion criteria. A data extraction table will be used to extract information on the technology, content, delivery, accessibility, usability, feedback, and outcome measures of the interventions. Data charting, including coding and grouping, will follow an iterative process. The charted data will then be synthesized descriptively.
Results: Data collection began in February 2025 and is now complete, with 21 included articles meeting the inclusion criteria. As of December 2025, data charting is currently underway, and data synthesis will begin shortly. The final scoping review is expected to be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal by April 2026.
Conclusions: The scoping review should lead to a better understanding of the conceptual possibilities and commonalities of current mHealth interventions for the transdiagnostic symptom RNT. It should provide starting points for systematic reviews and for the development of transdiagnostic mHealth interventions.
International registered report identifier (irrid): PRR1-10.2196/72138.
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global health challenge characterized by high mortality, morbidity, and economic burden. The development of digital health technologies offers promising tools for prevention, early detection, and management of HF, potentially improving prognoses and reducing costs. However, these innovations may also widen existing health disparities related to socioeconomic status, geography, and race/ethnicity.
Objective: This scoping review will examine and map existing evidence on socioeconomic, geographic, and racial/ethnic differences in access to and use of digital health technologies for HF care in routine practice.
Methods: The writing of this protocol followed the methodological framework by Arksey and O'Malley, including (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting studies to be included in the review; (4) charting the data; and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Eligible studies must examine digital health technologies in adults (aged ≥18 years) with any type of HF and report on social determinants of health, geography, or race/ethnicity. Observational study designs will be included. Searches will be conducted in Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. A 2-stage screening process will determine study eligibility, and data will be extracted using a standardized form.
Results: The project is funded. Data collection is expected to begin by the beginning of 2026.
Conclusions: This scoping review will map existing evidence on differences in access to and use of digital health technologies for HF care. The findings are anticipated to highlight patterns and gaps in the literature, informing future research and strategies for equitable implementation.
Background: Self-management plays a vital role in noncommunicable disease prevention and control. However, it has been challenging for patients and their caregivers to identify how much their lifestyle affects their health and what level of effort they should make to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in everyday life. Therefore, knowing their own CVD risk and daily health-related situations will provide relevant information for self-management by those at risk. The need to help individuals understand their relevant information creates an opportunity to investigate whether and how to implement a combined digital and nurse-led self-management intervention in a real-world community setting.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined approach combining digital device support, including a smartwatch, a mobile app, and a salt meter, with nurse-led case management, on self-management behaviors and clinical outcomes.
Methods: This study uses a combination of a nurse-led self-management with a digital and mobile health innovative approach, including tailored small group face-to-face education sessions, a smartwatch, a smartphone health app, and a salt meter, to increase the self-management behaviors to reduce vascular risk through designing and testing an integrated community-based strategy targeted at adults and older adults at risk of CVD in Thailand. The study uses a single-arm pretest-posttest design to assess the intervention's effects. The intervention will consist of the following components: (1) an interactive face-to-face education session; (2) a real-time knowing your numbers strategy using a smartwatch, a smartphone health app, and a salt meter; (3) a mindfulness-based stress management strategy using Somporn Kantaradusdi-Triamchaisri technique meditation healing exercise; and (4) a self-management diary. Quantitative data will be collected using a smartwatch, a salt meter, a food diary, and questionnaires at baseline and at the end of week 6. Clinical outcomes will be assessed at baseline, primary end point (wk 12), and secondary end point (wk 24).
Results: This study, funded in January 2025, will involve 45 patients. We received ethical approval on May 31, 2024, and began recruitment for participation in May 2025. Researchers will collect, analyze, and synthesize to evaluate the study procedure. We expect to complete data collection by December 2025, with the first results submitted for publication in March 2026.
Conclusions: The implementation of a combined digital device and nurse-led case management may identify the use of digital health to support self-management and improve vascular health. The findings of this study will provide insights for a large-scale randomized controlled trial and for ongoing improvements in the noncommunicable disease care system.
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