Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-93-2020
S. Maier, T. Gostner, F. V. D. Camp, A. Hoppe
Abstract. In many fields today, it is necessary that a team has to do operational planning for a precise geographical location. Examples for this are staff work, the preparation of surveillance tasks at major events or state visits and sensor deployment planning for military and civil reconnaissance. For these purposes, Fraunhofer IOSB is developing the Digital Map Table (DigLT). When making important decisions, it is often helpful or even necessary to assess a situation on site. An augmented reality (AR) solution could be useful for this assessment. For the visualization of markers at specific geographical coordinates in augmented reality, a smartphone has to be aware of its position relative to the world. It is using the sensor data of the camera and inertial measurement unit (IMU) for AR while determining its absolute location and direction with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and its magnetic compass. To validate the positional accuracy of AR markers, we investigated the current state of the art and existing solutions. A prototype application has been developed and connected to the DigLT. With this application, it is possible to place markers at geographical coordinates that will show up at the correct location in augmented reality at anyplace in the world. Additionally, a function was implemented that lets the user select a point from the environment in augmented reality, whose geographical coordinates are sent to the DigLT. The accuracy and practicality of the placement of markers were examined using geodetic reference points. As a result, we can conclude that it is possible to mark larger objects like a car or a house, but the accuracy mainly depends on the internal compass, which causes a rotational error that increases with the distance to the target.
{"title":"OUTDOOR AR-APPLICATION FOR THE DIGITAL MAP TABLE","authors":"S. Maier, T. Gostner, F. V. D. Camp, A. Hoppe","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-93-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-93-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In many fields today, it is necessary that a team has to do operational planning for a precise geographical location. Examples for this are staff work, the preparation of surveillance tasks at major events or state visits and sensor deployment planning for military and civil reconnaissance. For these purposes, Fraunhofer IOSB is developing the Digital Map Table (DigLT). When making important decisions, it is often helpful or even necessary to assess a situation on site. An augmented reality (AR) solution could be useful for this assessment. For the visualization of markers at specific geographical coordinates in augmented reality, a smartphone has to be aware of its position relative to the world. It is using the sensor data of the camera and inertial measurement unit (IMU) for AR while determining its absolute location and direction with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and its magnetic compass. To validate the positional accuracy of AR markers, we investigated the current state of the art and existing solutions. A prototype application has been developed and connected to the DigLT. With this application, it is possible to place markers at geographical coordinates that will show up at the correct location in augmented reality at anyplace in the world. Additionally, a function was implemented that lets the user select a point from the environment in augmented reality, whose geographical coordinates are sent to the DigLT. The accuracy and practicality of the placement of markers were examined using geodetic reference points. As a result, we can conclude that it is possible to mark larger objects like a car or a house, but the accuracy mainly depends on the internal compass, which causes a rotational error that increases with the distance to the target.","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75141740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-117-2020
M. Rotilio
In every field concerning post-disaster reconstruction, not only in engineering, technology plays a leading role and, just as resilience, it has become the goal that every action should achieve. In light of what has been claimed, this paper intends to critically illustrate one of the most interesting elements of technological innovation underway in the city of L'Aquila hit by the 2009 earthquake. The reference is the so-called "smart tunnel", a system of functional and management rationalization of the underground services of the city. The work was divided into two portions called "Excerpts" where the first one is currently 93% completed and highlighted the presence of intrinsic criticalities in the work and in the context. In order to avoid irrational and random conditions that could inevitably lead to a safety lack, related to the excerpts II a methodology is being developed, based on District Information Modeling. It is configured as a control and management tool for the whole system which will allow the interference management inspired by principles of rationality and safety. The smart tunnel system is part of a series of other public and private initiatives, aimed at a widespread experimentation of advanced technologies that deals with the renewal of infrastructures, services and mobility, telecommunications. These innovations mainly concern the L’Aquila historical centre but also the outskirts and follow the principles of the smart city and related to the resilience development. * Corresponding author
{"title":"TECHNOLOGY AND RESILIENCE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS. A CASE STUDY","authors":"M. Rotilio","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-117-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-117-2020","url":null,"abstract":"In every field concerning post-disaster reconstruction, not only in engineering, technology plays a leading role and, just as resilience, it has become the goal that every action should achieve. In light of what has been claimed, this paper intends to critically illustrate one of the most interesting elements of technological innovation underway in the city of L'Aquila hit by the 2009 earthquake. The reference is the so-called \"smart tunnel\", a system of functional and management rationalization of the underground services of the city. The work was divided into two portions called \"Excerpts\" where the first one is currently 93% completed and highlighted the presence of intrinsic criticalities in the work and in the context. In order to avoid irrational and random conditions that could inevitably lead to a safety lack, related to the excerpts II a methodology is being developed, based on District Information Modeling. It is configured as a control and management tool for the whole system which will allow the interference management inspired by principles of rationality and safety. The smart tunnel system is part of a series of other public and private initiatives, aimed at a widespread experimentation of advanced technologies that deals with the renewal of infrastructures, services and mobility, telecommunications. These innovations mainly concern the L’Aquila historical centre but also the outskirts and follow the principles of the smart city and related to the resilience development. * Corresponding author","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"23 5 1","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83719510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-21-2020
S. Choy, Y. Bai, S. Zlatanova, A. Diakité, E. Rubinov, C. Marshall, P. Knight, A. Riddell, V. Rooke, M. Woolf, N. Kishi, S. Kogure
This paper provides an overview and the results of the Australia-Japan 2020 Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) Emergency Warning System trial project. The project aimed to evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility of utilising the QZSS system to support emergency warning and response in Australia. The trial has focussed on bushfire and tsunami warnings with an emphasis on the message structure and standards for incorporation on the available signal bandwidth, and the spatial coverage extent of the messages. It also aimed to address the need for a space-based communication capability in Australia, which could potentially facilitate effective emergency warning system unconstrained by the limitations of terrestrial telecommunications. A newly dedicated MobileApp was developed to decode the warning message and visualise relevant information on a map. Two messages for bushfire and tsunami warnings were generated in Australia and sent to the QZSS ground station for satellite transmission. The developed application was tested in Victoria and New South Wales. The trial was successful in the sense that the emergency warning message could be received and decoded using the QZSS enabled receivers and the dedicated MobileApp. The field tests showed that the systems are capable of delivering the required information to users with the required timeliness and completeness. Several technical issues encountered during testing can be primarily attributed to the alpha state of the app, and the specific receiver used for testing. Neither of which are considered to be significant barriers to the on-going development of an operational satellite EWS system.
{"title":"AUSTRALIA-JAPAN QZSS EMERGENCY WARNING SERVICE TRIAL PROJECT","authors":"S. Choy, Y. Bai, S. Zlatanova, A. Diakité, E. Rubinov, C. Marshall, P. Knight, A. Riddell, V. Rooke, M. Woolf, N. Kishi, S. Kogure","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-21-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-21-2020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview and the results of the Australia-Japan 2020 Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) Emergency Warning System trial project. The project aimed to evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility of utilising the QZSS system to support emergency warning and response in Australia. The trial has focussed on bushfire and tsunami warnings with an emphasis on the message structure and standards for incorporation on the available signal bandwidth, and the spatial coverage extent of the messages. It also aimed to address the need for a space-based communication capability in Australia, which could potentially facilitate effective emergency warning system unconstrained by the limitations of terrestrial telecommunications. A newly dedicated MobileApp was developed to decode the warning message and visualise relevant information on a map. Two messages for bushfire and tsunami warnings were generated in Australia and sent to the QZSS ground station for satellite transmission. The developed application was tested in Victoria and New South Wales. The trial was successful in the sense that the emergency warning message could be received and decoded using the QZSS enabled receivers and the dedicated MobileApp. The field tests showed that the systems are capable of delivering the required information to users with the required timeliness and completeness. Several technical issues encountered during testing can be primarily attributed to the alpha state of the app, and the specific receiver used for testing. Neither of which are considered to be significant barriers to the on-going development of an operational satellite EWS system.","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78327780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-5-2020
E. A. Akomolafe, O. Isioye, J. Awulu
The rapid urban expansion in Abuja, Nigeria, has resulted in the replacement of land surface previously occupied by natural vegetation with various impermeable materials. This study examines the impact of the spatial distribution of impervious surfaces (IS) on land surface temperature (LST) in the study area using both graphical and quantitative approach. A Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (NDISI) was adopted to estimate IS and LST from Landsat ETM+ and OLI/TIRS satellite images (path: 189, row: 54) of Abuja for 4 distinct epochs of 2004, 2008, 2014 and 2018. In order to analyze the effect of IS on LST, the relationship between the normalized difference indices and LST, for each epoch, were determined using regression and correlation analyses. Results show the spatial patterns of impervious surfaces as distributed over Abuja, Nigeria and its impact on LST dynamics. It was observed that mean surface temperature increased by at least 2C every 4 years. Furthermore, results of the correlation analysis between NDISI and LST reveal that there exist varying positive correlations between the two variables in with correlation coefficients; R = 0.511, 0.166, 0.505, 0.785 in 2004,2008, 2014 and 2018 respectively, suggesting that impervious surfaces areas accelerate LST rise and Urban Heat Island (UHI) formation. This study gives great insight on the concept of impervious surfaces and its spatial pattern in Abuja city, Nigeria. The study recommends the widespread use of highly reflective or natural surfaces for rooftops, pavements and roads and that afforestation should be encouraged to increase green areas.
{"title":"GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF IMPERVIOUS SURFACES AND THEIR EFFECT ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN ABUJA, NIGERIA","authors":"E. A. Akomolafe, O. Isioye, J. Awulu","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-5-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-5-2020","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid urban expansion in Abuja, Nigeria, has resulted in the replacement of land surface previously occupied by natural vegetation with various impermeable materials. This study examines the impact of the spatial distribution of impervious surfaces (IS) on land surface temperature (LST) in the study area using both graphical and quantitative approach. A Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (NDISI) was adopted to estimate IS and LST from Landsat ETM+ and OLI/TIRS satellite images (path: 189, row: 54) of Abuja for 4 distinct epochs of 2004, 2008, 2014 and 2018. In order to analyze the effect of IS on LST, the relationship between the normalized difference indices and LST, for each epoch, were determined using regression and correlation analyses. Results show the spatial patterns of impervious surfaces as distributed over Abuja, Nigeria and its impact on LST dynamics. It was observed that mean surface temperature increased by at least 2C every 4 years. Furthermore, results of the correlation analysis between NDISI and LST reveal that there exist varying positive correlations between the two variables in with correlation coefficients; R = 0.511, 0.166, 0.505, 0.785 in 2004,2008, 2014 and 2018 respectively, suggesting that impervious surfaces areas accelerate LST rise and Urban Heat Island (UHI) formation. This study gives great insight on the concept of impervious surfaces and its spatial pattern in Abuja city, Nigeria. The study recommends the widespread use of highly reflective or natural surfaces for rooftops, pavements and roads and that afforestation should be encouraged to increase green areas.","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74939129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-145-2020
G. Tredrea, S. Coetzee, V. Rautenbach
Abstract. Addresses are essential for disaster risk management and response because they are used to locate people affected by a disaster or at risk of being affected. South Africa is vulnerable to disasters, however, despite a legislative framework for supporting disaster risk management that meets international standards, implementation falls short due to underfunding, poor interdepartmental coordination and lack of political support. The importance of cross jurisdictional address data was highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 when the geocoding of positive cases was hindered due to the lack of such address data in South Africa. In this paper, we present first results about a cloud-based tool for integrating address data from multiple municipalities into a single address dataset that conforms to the South African National Standard, SANS 1883-2:2017, Geographic information – Addresses: Part 2: Address data exchange. We reviewed and evaluated three cloud platforms for the prototype implementation. The integrated dataset is maintained in the cloud and therefore readily accessible by relevant organizations. At the same time, processing in the cloud can handle changing volumes of data with elasticity, i.e. computing power can be increased or decreased at short notice, as necessary during a disaster response. Furthermore, processing can be automated, thereby mitigating the risk of reduced manpower due to a disaster. Overall, a properly maintained cloud-based tool can result in more efficient use of resources presenting a viable and interesting alternative for underfunded disaster risk management centres in South Africa and other parts of the world.
{"title":"CLOUD-BASED INTEGRATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF ADDRESS DATA FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT – A SOUTH AFRICAN CASE STUDY","authors":"G. Tredrea, S. Coetzee, V. Rautenbach","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-145-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-145-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Addresses are essential for disaster risk management and response because they are used to locate people affected by a disaster or at risk of being affected. South Africa is vulnerable to disasters, however, despite a legislative framework for supporting disaster risk management that meets international standards, implementation falls short due to underfunding, poor interdepartmental coordination and lack of political support. The importance of cross jurisdictional address data was highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 when the geocoding of positive cases was hindered due to the lack of such address data in South Africa. In this paper, we present first results about a cloud-based tool for integrating address data from multiple municipalities into a single address dataset that conforms to the South African National Standard, SANS 1883-2:2017, Geographic information – Addresses: Part 2: Address data exchange. We reviewed and evaluated three cloud platforms for the prototype implementation. The integrated dataset is maintained in the cloud and therefore readily accessible by relevant organizations. At the same time, processing in the cloud can handle changing volumes of data with elasticity, i.e. computing power can be increased or decreased at short notice, as necessary during a disaster response. Furthermore, processing can be automated, thereby mitigating the risk of reduced manpower due to a disaster. Overall, a properly maintained cloud-based tool can result in more efficient use of resources presenting a viable and interesting alternative for underfunded disaster risk management centres in South Africa and other parts of the world.","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"98 3 1","pages":"145-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88462955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-51-2020
J-H. Hong, Yu Shi
The installation of closed-circuit television monitors (CCTV) has been rapidly increasing ever since the September 11 attacks and has become one of the most widely used types of sensors for the tasks that require instantaneous and long-term monitoring. With the distinguished characteristics of direct visual inspection of the subject of interests, the availability of CCTVs offers the EOC commanders a quick way to validate and access the reported disaster incidents during emergency response. However, the heterogeneity of CCTV systems and the lack of appropriate descriptions precludes the optimized use of CCTV and causes immense difficulties in effectively coordinating or appraising the use of CCTV systems. By arguing standardized metadata plays the most crucial role in quickly and precisely finding the needed CCTV during emergency response, regardless of its specifications, suppliers, or locations, we propose an integrated operational framework based on the CCTV metadata specifically designed for emergency response in this paper. This framework standardizes the metadata to unify the descriptions for heterogeneous CCTV systems and fulfill the requirements for searching and selecting CCTV. Instead of the 2D point-based location or sector-based CCTV FOV coverage, we also propose to extend the FOV from 2D to 3D to precisely describe the area and even the features that can be monitored by the CCTV. This not only improves the precision and efficiency of selecting CCTV but also increase the commander’s ability to make quick and accurate responses to disasters. The advantages of integrating heterogeneous CCTV systems can tremendously improve the possibility of monitoring and updating the real-time status caused by hazards.
{"title":"A METADATA-BASED APPROACH FOR USING CCTV TO FACILITATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE","authors":"J-H. Hong, Yu Shi","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-51-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-51-2020","url":null,"abstract":"The installation of closed-circuit television monitors (CCTV) has been rapidly increasing ever since the September 11 attacks and has become one of the most widely used types of sensors for the tasks that require instantaneous and long-term monitoring. With the distinguished characteristics of direct visual inspection of the subject of interests, the availability of CCTVs offers the EOC commanders a quick way to validate and access the reported disaster incidents during emergency response. However, the heterogeneity of CCTV systems and the lack of appropriate descriptions precludes the optimized use of CCTV and causes immense difficulties in effectively coordinating or appraising the use of CCTV systems. By arguing standardized metadata plays the most crucial role in quickly and precisely finding the needed CCTV during emergency response, regardless of its specifications, suppliers, or locations, we propose an integrated operational framework based on the CCTV metadata specifically designed for emergency response in this paper. This framework standardizes the metadata to unify the descriptions for heterogeneous CCTV systems and fulfill the requirements for searching and selecting CCTV. Instead of the 2D point-based location or sector-based CCTV FOV coverage, we also propose to extend the FOV from 2D to 3D to precisely describe the area and even the features that can be monitored by the CCTV. This not only improves the precision and efficiency of selecting CCTV but also increase the commander’s ability to make quick and accurate responses to disasters. The advantages of integrating heterogeneous CCTV systems can tremendously improve the possibility of monitoring and updating the real-time status caused by hazards.","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88077505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-81-2020
S. Kim, D. Kim, H. Nho
Abstract. Due to abnormal weather caused by climate change in recently years, natural disaster damages caused by local torrential rains have been increased over the world. Particularly, Korea is very vulnerable to landslide disasters because more than 63% of the country is mountainous and it suffers from unpredictable localized heavy rainfall during monsoon season every year. This paper presents experimental results for risk assessment of steep slope using drone mapping and terrestrial LiDAR survey. First, we acquired the aerial imagery of steep slope site by small UAV and conducted a drone mapping process with the Pix4D software. For collecting the more detailed geological data and analysing quantitatively damage of steep slopes (crack length, bedrock weathering area, etc.), we scanned steep slope area using terrestrial LiDAR system. Finally, we evaluated the applicability of public safety for outputs of UAV photogrammetry and 3D point clouds derived from terrestrial LiDAR data to analyse and assess the risk of steep slope.
{"title":"RISK ASSESSMENT OF STEEP SLOPE USING DRONE MAPPING AND TERRESTRIAL LIDAR IN KOREA","authors":"S. Kim, D. Kim, H. Nho","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-81-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-81-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Due to abnormal weather caused by climate change in recently years, natural disaster damages caused by local torrential rains have been increased over the world. Particularly, Korea is very vulnerable to landslide disasters because more than 63% of the country is mountainous and it suffers from unpredictable localized heavy rainfall during monsoon season every year. This paper presents experimental results for risk assessment of steep slope using drone mapping and terrestrial LiDAR survey. First, we acquired the aerial imagery of steep slope site by small UAV and conducted a drone mapping process with the Pix4D software. For collecting the more detailed geological data and analysing quantitatively damage of steep slopes (crack length, bedrock weathering area, etc.), we scanned steep slope area using terrestrial LiDAR system. Finally, we evaluated the applicability of public safety for outputs of UAV photogrammetry and 3D point clouds derived from terrestrial LiDAR data to analyse and assess the risk of steep slope.\u0000","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"144 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77421307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-43-2020
J-H. Hong, C. Tsai
Abstract. In recent year, 3D geographic information system (GIS) has been receiving great attention from a variety of domains, but many 3D GIS applications are nevertheless restricted to visualization purposes only. One major reason for such limitation is the lack of formalized and comprehensive mechanism for the management and analysis of feature-based 3D geographic data. From a 3D GIS perspective, this study proposes a web-based system facilitating the simulation, analysis and visualization of disaster caused by tsunami and floods because these two types of hazard are highly related to the height and depth aspects. The core of the proposed system is the hierarchical 3D building framework capable of modelling different levels of building units and linking domain data via standardized identifiers in an integrated fashion. The system is designed as a decision support system that allows users to import real or simulated disaster scenarios and automatically response with the visualized damage assessment information. The 3D illustration not only provides a direct and intuitive interface for decision makers to visually inspect the outcomes at different levels of granularity, the symbology of 3D buildings can be also flexibly customized to highlight the impacts according to the perspective of the chosen applications. Quantitative vulnerability indexes are dynamically updated according to the timeline of the imported disasters to aid the decision of emergency response actions. The evacuation plan also can additionally consider the 3D aspects, such that citizens will be provided with information about nearby safe places (e.g., tall buildings or high hills) to reduce the loss of lives.
{"title":"USING 3D WEBGIS TO SUPPORT THE DISASTER SIMULATION, MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS – EXAMPLES OF TSUNAMI AND FLOOD","authors":"J-H. Hong, C. Tsai","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-43-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-43-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In recent year, 3D geographic information system (GIS) has been receiving great attention from a variety of domains, but many 3D GIS applications are nevertheless restricted to visualization purposes only. One major reason for such limitation is the lack of formalized and comprehensive mechanism for the management and analysis of feature-based 3D geographic data. From a 3D GIS perspective, this study proposes a web-based system facilitating the simulation, analysis and visualization of disaster caused by tsunami and floods because these two types of hazard are highly related to the height and depth aspects. The core of the proposed system is the hierarchical 3D building framework capable of modelling different levels of building units and linking domain data via standardized identifiers in an integrated fashion. The system is designed as a decision support system that allows users to import real or simulated disaster scenarios and automatically response with the visualized damage assessment information. The 3D illustration not only provides a direct and intuitive interface for decision makers to visually inspect the outcomes at different levels of granularity, the symbology of 3D buildings can be also flexibly customized to highlight the impacts according to the perspective of the chosen applications. Quantitative vulnerability indexes are dynamically updated according to the timeline of the imported disasters to aid the decision of emergency response actions. The evacuation plan also can additionally consider the 3D aspects, such that citizens will be provided with information about nearby safe places (e.g., tall buildings or high hills) to reduce the loss of lives.","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75724192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-29-2020
S. Comai, S. Costa, S. M. Ventura, G. Vassena, L. Tagliabue, D. Simeone, E. Bertuzzi, G. W. Scurati, F. Ferrise, A. Ciribini
Abstract. Occupancy analyses represent a crucial topic for building performance. At present, this is even true because of the pandemic emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 and the need to support the functional analysis of building spaces in relation to social distancing rules. Moreover, the need to assess the suitability of spaces in high occupancy buildings as the educational ones, for which occupancy evaluations result pivotal to ensure the safety of the end-users in their daily activities, is a priority. The proposed paper investigates the steps that are needed to secure a safe re-opening of an educational building. A case study has been selected as a test site to analyse the re-opening steps as required by Italian protocols and regulations. This analysis supported the school director of a 2-to-10 year old school and its team in the decision-making process that led to the safe school re-opening. Available plants and elevations of the building were collected and a fast digital survey was carried out using the mobile laser scanner technology (iMMS - Indoor Mobile Mapping System) in order to acquire three-dimensional geometries and digital photographic documentation of the spaces. A crowd simulation software (i.e. Oasys MassMotion) was implemented to analyse end-users flows; the social distance parameter was set in its proximity modelling tools in order to check the compliance of spaces and circulation paths to the social distancing protocols. Contextually to the analysis of users flows, a plan of hourly air changes to maintain a high quality of the environments has been defined.
{"title":"INDOOR MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM AND CROWD SIMULATION TO SUPPORT SCHOOL REOPENING BECAUSE OF COVID-19: A CASE STUDY","authors":"S. Comai, S. Costa, S. M. Ventura, G. Vassena, L. Tagliabue, D. Simeone, E. Bertuzzi, G. W. Scurati, F. Ferrise, A. Ciribini","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-29-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-29-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Occupancy analyses represent a crucial topic for building performance. At present, this is even true because of the pandemic emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 and the need to support the functional analysis of building spaces in relation to social distancing rules. Moreover, the need to assess the suitability of spaces in high occupancy buildings as the educational ones, for which occupancy evaluations result pivotal to ensure the safety of the end-users in their daily activities, is a priority. The proposed paper investigates the steps that are needed to secure a safe re-opening of an educational building. A case study has been selected as a test site to analyse the re-opening steps as required by Italian protocols and regulations. This analysis supported the school director of a 2-to-10 year old school and its team in the decision-making process that led to the safe school re-opening. Available plants and elevations of the building were collected and a fast digital survey was carried out using the mobile laser scanner technology (iMMS - Indoor Mobile Mapping System) in order to acquire three-dimensional geometries and digital photographic documentation of the spaces. A crowd simulation software (i.e. Oasys MassMotion) was implemented to analyse end-users flows; the social distance parameter was set in its proximity modelling tools in order to check the compliance of spaces and circulation paths to the social distancing protocols. Contextually to the analysis of users flows, a plan of hourly air changes to maintain a high quality of the environments has been defined.","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81133274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-99-2020
H. Nguyen, T. Pham, M. T. Doan, P. T. Tran
Abstract. This paper aims to predict the trend of land use land cover (LULC) changes in Dak Nong province over time. Data from Landsat images captured in 2009, 2015, and 2018 was employed to analyze and predict the spatial distributions of LULC categories. The Random Forest (RF) was adopted to classify the images into ten different LULC classes. Besides, integration of Multi-Layer Perceptron Markov Neural Network (MLP-NN) with Markov Chain (MC) was applied to predict the future LULC changes in the region based on the change detection over the previous years. For all classified images, overall accuracy (OA) ranged from 77.35% to 84.55% with kappa (K) coefficient index ranging from 0.75 to 0.8. The results revealed that the annual population growth together with social-economic development was regarded as major drives for land conversion in the area. The predicted map showed a significant decrease trend inthe forest classes by 2025, accounting for 23 thousand ha. However, residential areas, rubber, and agricultural land classes are predicted to rise to 460 ha, 3,000 ha, and 20,000 ha, respectively. The simulated model and calibrated area data may be a vital contribution to sustainable development efforts of the local based on the dynamics of LULC and future LULC change scenarios. Overall, ascertaining the complex interface related to changes in land use and its major drivers over time provides useful information predict to explore the future trend of LULC changes, establish alternative land-use schemes and serve as guidelines for urban planning policymakers.
{"title":"LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE PREDICTION USING MULTI-TEMPORAL SATELLITE IMAGERY AND MULTI-LAYER PERCEPTRON MARKOV MODEL","authors":"H. Nguyen, T. Pham, M. T. Doan, P. T. Tran","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-99-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-99-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper aims to predict the trend of land use land cover (LULC) changes in Dak Nong province over time. Data from Landsat images captured in 2009, 2015, and 2018 was employed to analyze and predict the spatial distributions of LULC categories. The Random Forest (RF) was adopted to classify the images into ten different LULC classes. Besides, integration of Multi-Layer Perceptron Markov Neural Network (MLP-NN) with Markov Chain (MC) was applied to predict the future LULC changes in the region based on the change detection over the previous years. For all classified images, overall accuracy (OA) ranged from 77.35% to 84.55% with kappa (K) coefficient index ranging from 0.75 to 0.8. The results revealed that the annual population growth together with social-economic development was regarded as major drives for land conversion in the area. The predicted map showed a significant decrease trend inthe forest classes by 2025, accounting for 23 thousand ha. However, residential areas, rubber, and agricultural land classes are predicted to rise to 460 ha, 3,000 ha, and 20,000 ha, respectively. The simulated model and calibrated area data may be a vital contribution to sustainable development efforts of the local based on the dynamics of LULC and future LULC change scenarios. Overall, ascertaining the complex interface related to changes in land use and its major drivers over time provides useful information predict to explore the future trend of LULC changes, establish alternative land-use schemes and serve as guidelines for urban planning policymakers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":14757,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86092531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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