Italian Journal of Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of rutin supplementation on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of laying hens fed a diet containing stored soybean meal","authors":"Hengzhi Li, Rui Jin, Yunfeng Gu, Yanmin Zhou","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276263","url":null,"abstract":"Protein oxidation of soybean meal (SBM) during storage may have adverse effects on the intestinal health of laying hens. Moreover, rutin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which might be used as a feed additive to mitigate the intestinal damage caused by oxidised protein of SBM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rutin supplementation on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, immunity and caecal microbiota in laying hens fed a diet containing stored SBM. A total of 384 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (220 days) were randomly allocated into four groups with eight replicates of 12 laying hens each according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 types of SBM (FSM: SBM was stored in the cold storage warehouses at −20 °C for 45 days, and was considered as fresh and control SBM; RTSM: SBM was stored in room temperature warehouse (15 °C to 25 °C), average temperature was 20 °C for 45 days) and 2 levels of rutin (0 and 500 mg/kg). The results showed that the RTSM diet decreased the ileal glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, the jejunal superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and ileal NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) mRNA expression levels (p < 0.05), and tended to decrease the jejunal superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), ileal glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and increase the jejunal interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA expression levels. Dietary rutin decreased the jejunal crypt depth (CD) (p < 0.05), increased the jejunal total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and GSH-Px activities (p < 0.05), decreased the content of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the jejunum (p < 0.05), and significantly reduced levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IFN-γ, and IL-4 in the ileal mucosa (p < 0.05). Dietary rutin increased SOD2, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NQO1 mRNA expression levels in the jejunum and GPX1, Nrf2 and NQO1 mRNA expression levels in the ileum, and decreased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA expression in the jejunum and NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA expressions in the ileum. What’s more, dietary rutin changed the caecal microbiota. PCoA analysis indicated significant structural differences among four groups (p < 0.05), and SBM × Rutin interactions were found in Actinobacteriota and unclassifiedk_norank_d_ Bacteria at the phylum level (p < 0.05). These results suggested that RTSM had slight adverse effects on the intestinal health, and dietary rutin improved intestinal morphology, exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via Nrf2 and NF-κB signal pathways, and changed the composition of caecal microbiota.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential use of cowpea protein hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in broiler chickens: effects on growth, intestinal morphology, muscle lipid profile, and immune status","authors":"Samar A. Tolba, Shimaa A. Amer, Ahmed Gouda, Ali Osman, Wafaa R. I. A. Sherief, Amany I. Ahmed, Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman, Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith, Elsayed M. Younis, Simon J. Davies, Elshimaa M. Roushdy","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2274508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2274508","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, we tested the effects of dietary cowpea protein hydrolysate (CPH) on broilers’ growth, carcase traits, intestinal histomorphology, The fatty acid profile of breast muscle, blood biochemical parameters, and immune status. Three-day age male Ross-308 broilers (n = 300, average weight 86.72 g ± 0.20) were distributed into five groups and fed on five diets supplied with five levels of CPH at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g kg−1 for 35 days. The results revealed that dietary CPH did not change (P < 0.05) the broilers’ growth performance or carcase traits, except for a quadratic decrease (P < 0.05) in FCR at concentrations 2 and 4 g kg−1 during the finisher period. The villus heights (VH) and goblet cell count (GCC) were increased (P < 0.05) in the duodenum and jejunum; however, the villus width decreased (P < 0.05) in the duodenum without showing changes (P < 0.05) in the jejunum and ileum. Dietary supplementation with 6 g CPH kg−1 increased (P < 0.05) the duodenal crypt depth (CD). Dietary supplementation with 8 g CPH kg −1 increased the VH: CD in the duodenum compared to the control; nevertheless, a quadratic (P < 0.05) change was reported in the jejunum. The VH: CD did not change (P < 0.05) in the ileum; however, dietary supplementation with 6 CPH kg−1 increased (P < 0.05) the ileal VH and GCC. The inclusion of CPH led to a linear (P < 0.05) increase in the total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA, and n-3/n-6 PUFA in broilers’ breast muscle. An increase in the assessed metabolic and immune status indices was reported, as evidenced by increases (P < 0.05) in thyroid hormones, growth hormone, total protein, albumin, globulin, lysozymes, interferon-gamma, interleukin10, and complement 3 serum levels. However, the serum glucose and leptin levels did not show significant (p > 0.05) changes in response to dietary CPH. Moreover, the dietary CPH levels 4–8 g kg−1 upregulated the immunostaining of IgG in the spleen of these groups. These findings suggested that including CPH in broiler diets could be an effective candidate for modulating the chickens’ metabolic and immune status; however, it had no increased effect on broiler growth.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"21 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune function, egg quality and production responses in layer hens fed two different lignocellulose fibre supplements during the early laying period","authors":"Sherzad Mustafa Hussein, Johnny Shumuel Yokhana, Yuko Mabuchi, Theresa Leah Frankel","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276254","url":null,"abstract":"The effects on immune function and egg productivity of 2 commercial lignocellulose supplements with similar insoluble and soluble fibre concentrations and water holding capacities, were determined in Hy-Line Brown hens from 20 weeks-of-age for 8 weeks. Hens were fed 1 of 3 diets (6 pens/diet, 3 hens/pen): Control diet – a commercial layer diet; Diet LC1 - Control diet plus 1.5 g Arbocel RC fine/100 g diet; Diet LC2, Control diet plus 1.5 g OptiCell C5/100 g diet. After 4 weeks, heterophil phagocytosis index and percentage (innate immunity), was greater in LC1 (p < 0.05) than Controls. After 8 weeks, absolute and relative weights (g/100 g BW) of LC1 thymus glands were heavier (p < 0.05) than Control; numbers of intestinal Peyer’s patches in LC1 were greater (p < 0.05) than LC2 and Control; total and relative areas of LC1 Peyer’s patches were higher (p < 0.05) than Control. Yolk immunoglobulin Y concentrations of LC1 were higher but not significantly, than Control and LC2. Between 6 and 8 weeks, egg weights and eggs produced/hen per d of LC1 hens were greater (p < 0.05) than Controls. Feeding LC1, but not LC2, during early lay significantly improved immune function and egg productivity compared to Control. As dietary fibre concentrations of LC1 and LC2 were similar, differences in their relative concentrations of chemical components such as cellulose and lignin or types of polysaccharides, may have contributed to the improvements during early lay.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"97 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers concerns in relation to organic livestock production","authors":"Carmen L. Manuelian, Sophie Valleix, Héloïse Bugaut, Birgit Fuerst-Waltl, Luciana da Costa, Sara Burbi, Ulrich Schmutz, Adrian Evans, Nikolaos Katsoulas, Sofia Faliagka, Uygun Aksoy, Özge Çiçekli, Danuta Dróżdż, Krystyna Malińska, Lindsay Whistance, Marion Johnson, Lucas Knebl, Federico Righi, Massimo De Marchi","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2252005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2252005","url":null,"abstract":"The study describes organic producers’ perceptions of organic livestock production, product commercialisation, use of contentious inputs such as allopathic antibiotics, antiparasitics and vitamins and bedding materials availability in Mediterranean (MED) and North/Western European (NWE) countries. A total of 426 MED (46.2%) and NWE (53.8%) responses were analysed revealing more difficulty finding information on alternatives to antiparasitics and antibiotics than on bedding materials. They identified ‘feeding/nutrition’, ‘animal health’ and ‘welfare’ as the most relevant topics in their farms. Whereas ruminants and monogastrics farmers in the NWE region also indicated ‘organic regulation’ as relevant, farmers rearing ruminant species in the MED region identified farm profitability and commercialisation. Farmers still mainly relied in conventional treatments but they often applied phytotherapy, although >61% of the participants did not treat their animals in the last year. If treated, most of them administered on average one course of antibiotic treatment per animal (>62%). In the MED region, the main sources of information on alternative treatments were veterinarians (>60%) and the Internet (>32%). In the NWE region, it was other farmers for producers including ruminant species (>63%) and veterinarians (>77%) for monogastric farmers. In the NWE region, direct commercialisation and through a cooperative and/or food industry were the most frequent channel used; while, in the MED region, they were the food industry and/or direct commercialisation. In conclusion, this survey provides novel cross-European insights into organic livestock producers' concerns. A particular value of the survey is that MED countries, which are often underrepresented, were well sampled.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135240961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caprine milk fatty acid responses to dietary dried grape pomace","authors":"Manuela Renna, Andrés L. Martínez Marín, Carola Lussiana, Letizia Colonna, Antonio Mimosi, Paolo Cornale","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276259","url":null,"abstract":"Including grape pomace in goat diets presents a potentially valuable strategy for enhancing the sustainability of goat farming and mitigating environmental risks. This work aimed to investigate the impact of dietary dried grape pomace (DGP) on milk yield, milk composition and milk fatty acid (FA) profile in goats. Gas chromatography was utilised to obtain an extensive profile of FA in milk fat. Dry matter intake, as well as milk yield and composition were not altered by dietary DGP. Despite the predominance of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 cis-9,cis-12) in the lipids of DGP and the presence of phenolic compounds, its inclusion in the diet did not negatively affect the quantitatively main groups of FA. Furthermore, there was no significant impact on butyric, caproic, caprylic, and capric acids, the major 18:1 trans isomers, including vaccenic acid (18:1 trans-11), LA, α-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3), and the long chain polyunsaturated n-6 and n-3 FA. However, rumenic acid in milk fat was significantly reduced from 0.36 to 0.30 g/100 g of total fatty acid methyl esters. This study supports that up to 6%, DGP can be safely included in conventional dairy goat diets without compromising the production results or altering to great extent the milk FA profile.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of <i>Lavandula angustifolia L.</i> essential oil as a natural feed additive on broiler chicken’s growth, blood physiological markers, immunological status, intestinal histomorphology, and immunoexpression of CD3 and CD20","authors":"Amany Behairy, Shimaa A. Amer, Ahmed Gouda, Amr A. Moustafa, Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith, Elsayed M. Younis, Ahmed Said Kamal, Azhar Eltanahy, Simon J. Davies, Asmaa EL- Sayed Kamel","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2274509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2274509","url":null,"abstract":"Lavender essential oil (LVEO) (Lavandula angustifolia L) was investigated for its impacts on broiler chicken growth, intestinal histomorphology, blood biomarkers, and immunological status. Four hundred 3-days-old male chicks (ROSS 308 broilers) (91.47 ± 0.15 g) were randomised to receive four test groups and nourished on basal diets having four levels of LVEO: 0, 200, 400, and 600 mg Kg−1 over 35 days. Dietary addition of LVEO linearly increased the body weight and weight gain during the grower period, while its addition did not affect the overall growth performance. Dietary LVEO increased the villous height, and the higher villous height was detected in the LVEO600 group. Dietary LVEO increased cluster of differentiation (CD3 and CD20) immunoexpression within the spleens of birds given LVEO400 and LVEO600 diets. Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormone levels were the highest in the LVEO400 and LVEO600 groups. LVEO supplementation raised serum growth hormone levels in a dosage-dependent manner. The serum concentrations of glucose and leptin hormone did not vary significantly between the LVEO-supplemented and LVEO0 groups. All levels of supplemental LVEO diminished serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while raising the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Total protein values were augmented in all LVEO groups, with the highest concentrations of albumin and globulin in the LVEO600 group, followed by the LVEO400 group. Supplemental LVEO increased serum concentration of complement 3, interleukin-10, and lysozyme activity in a level-dependent manner. Modifications in the birds’ physiological activities, blood biochemical, intestinal morphological characteristics, and immunological status support the conclusion that dietary LVEO supplementation had numerous positive effects. However, it didn’t influence the birds’ growth.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity budget and movement patterns of Brown Swiss and Alpine Grey lactating cows during summer grazing in alpine pastures","authors":"S. Raniolo, E. Sturaro, S. Bovolenta, D. Gianelle, M. Ramanzin","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2255620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2255620","url":null,"abstract":"We used GPS tracking to monitor the grazing patterns of Brown Swiss and Alpine grey lactating cows on an alpine summer pasture (2038 m a.s.l.; SD = 146) in the Dolomites. The pasture (171 ha) was managed with a continuous grazing system (0.52 LU/ha) with morning and evening milking in the barn, guided grazing during the ‘day’, and free grazing at ‘night’. GPS positions were collected from 8 Brown Swiss multiparous and 9 Alpine Grey (4 primiparous and 5 multiparous) cows every two minutes. We inferred behaviours (grazing, resting, walking) from movement metrics, activity sensors and direct behavioural observations. After excluding milking periods, the cows grazed for 8 h/d, rested 10–11 h/d, and walked for 1.5/d. Grazing extended into late evening after milking, and resting prevailed throughout the ‘night’ until the morning milking. When grazing and resting, cows mainly used grasslands as the preferred habitat, but forest and sparse shrub were also used remarkably without consistent negative or positive selection. The pasture use was highly heterogeneous, with higher animal loads close to the barn, especially at night, and in areas with gentler slopes. Alpine Grey primiparous cows were less limited by slope and distance from the barn in their movement but were more selective in habitat use than multiparous cows. Differences between multiparous cows of the two breeds were less marked. Further studies should help understand the internal and external drivers of cattle grazing patterns to devise management practices combining animals’ productivity and welfare with the conservation of the grassland ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"144 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of anti-inflammatory and digestive-promoting fermented Chinese herbs on cecum microbiota composition and content metabolome of Chinese chickens ( <i>Gallus domesticus</i> )","authors":"Yingjie Peng, Yuanhao Huang, Liheng Li, Xiaoming Li, Junhao Zhang, Zhiheng Shu, Xuejun Li, Chao Hu, Shile Lan","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276261","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 168 chicks were randomly divided into two groups to elucidate the effect of fermented Chinese herbs (FCHs) on the intestinal microbiota of Chinese chickens (Gallus domesticus) and provide a scientific basis for the development and application of FCHs feed additives. The chicks were fed a basal diet for 7 days during the pre-feeding period. Thereafter, the control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5% FCHs for 43 days. After being weighed and euthanised, the chickens were dissected to obtain the caecum content to analyse the intestinal microbiota composition using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and metabolites using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our results showed that FCHs had no effect on the growth and serum immunological indices of Chinese chickens but significantly increased the bursa of Fabricius index, and reduced the α-diversity and affected composition of the caecum intestinal microbiota. In particular, the relative abundance of Akkermansia increased, and these of Bacteroides, Megamonas, and Faecalibacterium were reduced, accompanied by a change in the composition of caecal metabolites. These results implied that the FCH probably enhance the immune capacity of Chinese chickens. This study provides a scientific basis for developing and applying FCHs as feed additives. However, more research is necessary to elucidate the mode of action, level of inclusion, and the benefits of including the FCH in chicken diets.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of partially defatted larvae meal of Black Soldier Fly ( <i>Hermetia illucens</i> ) on caecal microbiota and volatile compounds of Muscovy ducks ( <i>Cairina moschata domestica</i> )","authors":"Andrés L. Martínez Marín, Marta Gariglio, Sara Pozzo, Maria Teresa Capucchio, Ilario Ferrocino, Ilaria Biasato, Achille Schiavone","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2272706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2272706","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explored the effects of substituting maize gluten meal with increasing levels of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) in Muscovy ducks’ diets on their caecal microbiota and organic volatile compounds. The ducks were divided into four groups, each receiving a diet containing 0%, 3%, 6%, or 9% BSFLM (HI0, HI3, HI6, and HI9, respectively). At slaughter (50 days of age), caecal samples were collected and analysed. The alpha diversity indexes were lower in the HI9 than in the HI0 and HI3 treatments that did not differ between them. Bacteroidetes in the HI0 and Firmicutes in the HI6 treatment showed a higher abundance than in the HI9 treatment. Faecalibacterium and Megamonas were more abundant in the HI6 than in the HI9 treatment. Abundance of Clostridium and unclassified Coriobacteriaceae were higher and lower, respectively, in the HI9 than in the HI0 treatment. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that Faecalibacterium, unclassified Victivallaceae and Megamonas in relation to Ruminococcus would separate the HI6 and HI9 treatments, while unclassified Coriobacteriaceae in relation to Streptococcus and Faecalibacterium would distinguish the HI0 and HI3 from the HI6 and HI9 treatments. Eleven volatile compounds were more abundant HI9 than in the HI6 treatment. Five of them were negatively correlated with Faecalibacterium and two with Megamonas. These findings indicate that diets with 6% and 9% BSFLM alter the caecal microbiota in Muscovy ducks, while a diet with 3% BSFLM has no effect. The distinct abundance of several volatile compounds in the 6% and 9% BSFLM treatments suggests a relationship between their characteristic microbiota profile and those compounds that warrants further investigation.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"59 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135726122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of species on the distribution and oxidative stability of milk added of lead and cadmium","authors":"Giulia Grassi, Amalia Simonetti, Emilio Gambacorta, Annamaria Perna","doi":"10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2023.2276266","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of species on added lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) content in cow, buffalo, and goat milk and their distribution in fat, casein, and whey fractions. In addition, the oxidative stability of the milk was evaluated. Most of the Pb and Cd were recovered in the skimmed milk (96.74 and 94.21%, respectively). The distribution of Cd and Pb in casein and whey fractions, obtained by enzymatic coagulation, highlighted that they were mainly associated with casein (on average 94.77 and 90.54% of Pb and Cd, respectively). The species significantly affected the distribution of Cd and Pb in the casein and fat fractions (p < 0.01). In particular, Cd and Pb levels in fat fraction were the highest in the buffalo milk, whereas casein fraction was the highest in bovine milk. Furthermore, the presence of metals negatively influenced the oxidative stability of the milk and the species influenced its response. The results showed that in the presence of Cd and Pb, bovine milk increased the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and dithyrosines compared to other species. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the thiol content, highlighting a reduction in the antioxidant capacity of the contaminated milk.","PeriodicalId":14762,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"181 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}