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Patient Self-Guided Interventions to Reduce Sedative Use and Improve Sleep: The YAWNS NB Randomized Clinical Trial. 减少镇静剂使用和改善睡眠的患者自我指导干预:YAWNS NB 随机临床试验。
IF 25.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2731
David M Gardner,Justin P Turner,Sandra Magalhaes,Malgorzata Rajda,Andrea L Murphy
ImportanceDirect-to-patient interventions enabling transitions from long-term benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) by older adults has the potential to reduce BZRA use and related harms while improving sleep outcomes without requiring prearranged clinician involvement.ObjectiveTo compare 2 direct-to-patient behavior change interventions with treatment as usual (TAU) on BZRA use, sleep, and other health outcomes, and uptake of CBTI techniques.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Your Answers When Needing Sleep in New Brunswick (YAWNS NB) study was a 3-arm, pragmatic, open-label, minimum-contact, randomized clinical trial. The study began November 2020 and ended June 2022. Participants were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups, including 2 different mailed behavior change interventions or no intervention (TAU). Participants were from communities across the province of New Brunswick, Canada, and included adults 65 years and older living independently with long-term use of BZRAs and current or past insomnia.InterventionsThe Sleepwell package (YAWNS-1) consisted of a cover letter and 2 booklets ("How to Stop Sleeping Pills" and "How to Get Your Sleep Back"). The other package (YAWNS-2) included updated versions of the 2 booklets ("You May Be at Risk" and "How to Get a Good Night's Sleep Without Medication") used in the Eliminating Medications Through Patient Ownership of End Results (EMPOWER) study.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBZRA use at 6 months was the primary measure. Secondary measures included CBTI use, sleep, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, safety, anxiety, frailty, and quality of life.ResultsA total of 1295 individuals expressed interest in the study, and 565 (43.6%) completed a baseline assessment. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 72.1 (5.7) years, a mean (SD) BZRA use duration of 11.4 (9.1) years, and 362 (64.1%) were female. Discontinuations and dose reductions of 25% or greater were highest with YAWNS-1 (50 of 191 [26.2%]; 39 of 191 [20.4%]; total, 46.6%) compared with YAWNS-2 (38 of 187 [20.3%]; 27 of 187 [14.4%]; total, 34.8%, P = .02) and TAU (14 of 187 [7.5%]; 24 of 187 [12.8%]; total, 20.3%, P < .001). YAWNS-1 also demonstrated better uptake of CBTI techniques and sleep outcomes compared with YAWNS-2 (new CBTI techniques: 3.1 vs 2.4; P =.03; sleep efficiency change: 4.1% vs -1.7%; P =.001) and reduced insomnia severity and daytime sleepiness compared with TAU (insomnia severity index change: -2.0 vs 0.3; P <.001; Epworth Sleepiness Scale change: -0.8 vs 0.3; P =.001).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of the YAWNS NB randomized clinical trial show that, as a simple, scalable, direct-to-patient intervention, YAWNS-1 substantially reduced BZRA use and improved sleep outcomes. It could be implemented to transform insomnia care for older adults at the population level.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04406103.
重要性直接对患者进行干预,使老年人从长期使用苯二氮卓受体激动剂(BZRA)过渡到失眠认知行为疗法(CBTI),有可能减少 BZRA 的使用和相关危害,同时改善睡眠效果,而无需事先安排临床医生参与。设计、设置和参与者新不伦瑞克睡眠需求时您的答案(YAWNS NB)研究是一项三臂、务实、开放标签、最小接触、随机临床试验。研究于 2020 年 11 月开始,2022 年 6 月结束。参与者被随机分配到 3 组中的 1 组,包括 2 种不同的邮寄行为改变干预措施或无干预措施(TAU)。参与者来自加拿大新不伦瑞克省的各个社区,包括65岁及以上独立生活、长期服用BZRAs、目前或过去曾失眠的成年人。干预措施睡眠健康套餐(YAWNS-1)包括一封封面信和两本小册子(《如何停止服用安眠药》和《如何恢复睡眠》)。另一种套餐(YAWNS-2)包括 "通过患者自主决定最终结果来消除药物"(EMPOWER)研究中使用的两本小册子(《您可能面临风险》和《如何在不服药的情况下获得良好睡眠》)的更新版本。次要测量指标包括 CBTI 使用情况、睡眠、失眠、白天嗜睡、安全、焦虑、虚弱和生活质量。结果共有 1295 人表示有兴趣参与研究,其中 565 人(43.6%)完成了基线评估。参与者的平均(标清)年龄为 72.1 (5.7)岁,平均(标清)服用 BZRA 的时间为 11.4 (9.1)年,其中 362 人(64.1%)为女性。YAWNS-1(191 例中有 50 例 [26.2%];191 例中有 39 例 [20.4%];总计 46.6%)与 YAWNS-2 (187 例中有 38 例 [20.3%];187 例中有 27 例 [14.4%];总计 34.8%,P = .02)和 TAU(187 例中有 14 例 [7.5%];187 例中有 24 例 [12.8%];总计 20.3%,P < .001)相比,停药和剂量减少 25% 或更多的比例最高。与 YAWNS-2 相比,YAWNS-1 还显示出更好的 CBTI 技术接受率和睡眠效果(新 CBTI 技术:3.1 vs 2.4;新 CBTI 技术:3.1 vs 2.4;新 CBTI 技术:3.1 vs 2.4):3.1 vs 2.4;P =.03;睡眠效率变化:结论和相关性YAWNS NB 随机临床试验的结果表明,作为一种简单、可扩展、直接面向患者的干预措施,YAWNS-1 大幅减少了 BZRA 的使用并改善了睡眠效果。该干预措施的实施可在人群层面改变对老年人的失眠护理:NCT04406103。
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引用次数: 0
Prioritization of Psychopathological Symptoms and Clinical Characterization in Psychiatric Diagnoses 精神病诊断中精神病理症状和临床特征的优先排序
IF 25.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2652
Stefan Leucht, Jim van Os, Markus Jäger, John M. Davis
ImportancePsychiatry mainly deals with conditions that are mediated by brain function but are not directly attributable to specific brain abnormalities. Given the lack of concrete biological markers, such as laboratory tests or imaging results, the development of diagnostic systems is difficult.ObservationsThis narrative review evaluated 9 diagnostic approaches. The validity of the DSM and the International Classification of Disorders (ICD) is limited. The Research Domain Criteria is a research framework, not a diagnostic system. The clinical utility of the quantitatively derived, dimensional Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology is questionable. The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual Version 2 follows psychoanalytic theory and focuses on personality. Unlike the personality assessments in ICD-11 or DSM-5’s alternative model, based on pathological extremes of the big 5 traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism), it lacks foundation in empirical evidence. Network analytic approaches are intriguing, but their complexity makes them difficult to implement. Staging would be easier if individually predictive biological markers were available. The problem with all these new approaches is that they abstract patient experiences into higher-order constructs, potentially obscuring individual symptoms so much that they no longer reflect patients’ actual problems.Conclusions and RelevanceICD and DSM diagnoses can be questioned, but the reality of psychopathological symptoms, such as hallucinations, depression, anxiety, compulsions, and the suffering stemming from them, cannot. Therefore, it may be advisable to primarily describe patients according to the psychopathological symptoms they present, and any resulting personal syndromes, embedded in a framework of contextual clinical characterization including personality assessment and staging. The DSM and ICD are necessary for reimbursement, but they should be simplified and merged. A primarily psychopathological symptoms–based, clinical characterization approach would be multidimensional and clinically useful, because it would lead to problem-oriented treatment and support transdiagnostic research. It should be based on a universally used instrument to assess psychopathology and structured clinical characterization.
重要性精神病学主要研究由大脑功能介导但并非直接归因于特定大脑异常的病症。由于缺乏具体的生物标记,如实验室检测或成像结果,因此诊断系统的开发十分困难。DSM 和《国际疾病分类》(ICD)的有效性有限。研究领域标准是一个研究框架,而非诊断系统。定量得出的精神病理学分层分类法的临床实用性值得怀疑。心理动力学诊断手册第二版》遵循精神分析理论,侧重于人格。与 ICD-11 中的人格评估或 DSM-5 的替代模型(基于五大特质(外向性、合意性、开放性、自觉性和神经质)的病态极端)不同,它缺乏实证依据。网络分析方法令人感兴趣,但其复杂性使其难以实施。如果有可以单独预测的生物标志物,分期会更容易。所有这些新方法的问题在于,它们将患者的经历抽象为更高阶的建构,有可能使个体症状变得模糊不清,以至于它们不再反映患者的实际问题。结论与相关性精神疾病和 DSM 诊断可以被质疑,但幻觉、抑郁、焦虑、强迫等精神病理症状的真实性以及由此产生的痛苦却不能被质疑。因此,也许应该主要根据患者表现出的精神病理症状以及由此产生的个人综合征来描述患者,并将其嵌入包括人格评估和分期在内的临床特征描述框架中。DSM 和 ICD 是报销所必需的,但应加以简化和合并。主要以精神病理症状为基础的临床特征描述方法将是多维的和临床有用的,因为它将导致以问题为导向的治疗并支持跨诊断研究。这种方法应以普遍使用的精神病理学评估工具和结构化临床特征描述为基础。
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引用次数: 0
Suicide Risk-A Specific Intervention Target. 自杀风险--特定干预目标。
IF 22.5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2273
Kelly L Green, Shari Jager-Hyman, Maria A Oquendo
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引用次数: 0
Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Inpatients 针对有自杀倾向的住院病人的简短认知行为疗法
IF 25.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2349
Gretchen J. Diefenbach, Kayla A. Lord, Jessica Stubbing, M. David Rudd, Hannah C. Levy, Blaise Worden, Kimberly S. Sain, Jessica G. Bimstein, Tyler B. Rice, Kate Everhardt, Ralitza Gueorguieva, David F. Tolin
ImportanceSuicide risk is elevated after discharge from inpatient level of care. Empirically supported inpatient suicide prevention treatments are needed.ObjectiveTo determine whether adding an inpatient version of brief cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention to treatment as usual reduces postdischarge suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, and psychiatric readmissions and to determine whether substance use disorder moderates treatment effects.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial compared treatment as usual (n = 106) to treatment as usual plus brief cognitive behavioral therapy for inpatients (n = 94) at a private psychiatric hospital in Connecticut. Follow-up assessments were completed monthly for 6 months postdischarge. Participants were enrolled from January 2020 through February 2023. Inpatients admitted following a suicidal crisis (past-week suicide attempt or ideation with plan on admission and attempt within previous 2 years) were included. Medical records of consecutive admissions (n = 4137) were screened, 213 were study eligible and randomized, and 200 were analyzed. A total of 114 participants (57.0%) completed 6-month follow-up assessments. Data from medical records were also obtained through 6-month follow-up.InterventionUp to 4 individual sessions of brief cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention designed for inpatients.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSuicide attempts and readmissions were assessed via blind interviews and medical record review. Suicidal ideation was assessed via self-report.ResultsThe mean (SD) age among 200 analyzed participants was 32.8 (12.6) years; 117 participants were female and 83 were male. Brief cognitive behavioral therapy–inpatient reduced the occurrence of suicide attempt over 6 months postdischarge by 60% (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20-0.80; number needed to treat, 7) in the entire patient group, and the rate of psychiatric readmissions by 71% (rate ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09-0.90) in those without a substance use disorder. The effect of treatment condition on suicidal ideation was less clear, although post hoc analyses indicated less severe suicidal ideation following brief cognitive behavioral therapy–inpatient vs treatment as usual at 1 and 2 months postdischarge.Conclusions and RelevanceBrief cognitive behavioral therapy–inpatient reduced 6-month postdischarge suicide reattempts and rate of readmissions when added to treatment as usual. Substance use disorder moderated the treatment’s effect on readmission rates. Treatment effects on suicidal ideation were less clear. Implementation research is needed to facilitate dissemination. Additional research is also needed to optimize outcomes for individuals with substance use disorders.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04168645
重要性住院病人出院后自杀风险升高。目标确定在常规治疗的基础上增加预防自杀的住院版简短认知行为疗法是否会减少出院后的自杀企图、自杀意念和精神病再入院率,并确定药物使用障碍是否会调节治疗效果。这项随机临床试验比较了康涅狄格州一家私立精神病医院为住院病人提供的常规治疗(n = 106)和常规治疗加简短认知行为疗法(n = 94)。出院后 6 个月内每月完成一次随访评估。参与者的登记时间为 2020 年 1 月至 2023 年 2 月。住院患者均在发生自杀危机(上一周自杀未遂或入院时有自杀意念,且在过去两年内有自杀未遂的计划)后入院。筛选了连续入院的医疗记录(n = 4137),213 人符合研究条件并进行了随机化,200 人接受了分析。共有 114 名参与者(57.0%)完成了 6 个月的随访评估。干预针对住院病人设计的预防自杀的简短认知行为疗法,最多4次单独疗程。主要结果和测量自杀企图和再入院情况通过盲人访谈和病历审查进行评估。结果200名接受分析的参与者的平均年龄为32.8 (12.6)岁,其中117人为女性,83人为男性。在整个患者群体中,住院简短认知行为疗法将出院后6个月内自杀未遂的发生率降低了60%(几率比为0.40;95% CI为0.20-0.80;治疗所需人数为7),而在没有药物使用障碍的患者中,精神科再住院率降低了71%(几率比为0.29;95% CI为0.09-0.90)。治疗条件对自杀意念的影响不太明显,但事后分析表明,在出院后1个月和2个月,接受住院简短认知行为疗法与常规治疗的患者自杀意念较轻。药物使用障碍调节了治疗对再入院率的影响。治疗对自杀意念的影响不太明显。需要开展实施研究以促进推广。还需要开展更多研究,以优化药物使用障碍患者的治疗效果:NCT04168645
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引用次数: 0
Deconstructing the Construction of Value in Anorexia Nervosa 解构厌食症中的价值建构
IF 25.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2647
E. Caitlin Lloyd, Joanna E. Steinglass, Karin E. Foerde
This Viewpoint describes the importance of understanding the neurocomputational mechanisms by which individuals with anorexia nervosa assign value to food.
本视点阐述了了解神经性厌食症患者赋予食物价值的神经计算机制的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Amygdala Reactivity, Antidepressant Discontinuation, and Relapse 杏仁核反应性、抗抑郁药停药和复发
IF 25.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2136
Tore Erdmann, Isabel M. Berwian, Klaas Enno Stephan, Erich Seifritz, Henrik Walter, Quentin J. M. Huys
ImportanceAntidepressant discontinuation substantially increases the risk of a depression relapse, but the neurobiological mechanisms through which this happens are not known. Amygdala reactivity to negative information is a marker of negative affective processes in depression that is reduced by antidepressant medication, but it is unknown whether amygdala reactivity is sensitive to antidepressant discontinuation or whether any change is related to the risk of relapse after antidepressant discontinuation.ObjectiveTo investigate whether amygdala reactivity to negative facial emotions changes with antidepressant discontinuation and is associated with subsequent relapse.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Antidepressiva Absetzstudie (AIDA) study was a longitudinal, observational study in which adult patients with remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) and currently taking antidepressants underwent 2 task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements of amygdala reactivity. Patients were randomized to discontinuing antidepressants either before or after the second fMRI measurement. Relapse was monitored over a 6-month follow-up period. Study recruitment took place from June 2015 to January 2018. Data were collected between July 1, 2015, and January 31, 2019, and statistical analyses were conducted between June 2021 and December 2023. The study took place in a university setting in Zurich, Switzerland, and Berlin, Germany. Of 123 recruited patients, 83 were included in analyses. Of 66 recruited healthy control individuals matched for age, sex, and education, 53 were included in analyses.ExposureDiscontinuation of antidepressant medication.OutcomesTask-based fMRI measurement of amygdala reactivity and MDD relapse within 6 months after discontinuation.ResultsAmong patients with MDD, the mean (SD) age was 35.42 (11.41) years, and 62 (75%) were women. Among control individuals, the mean (SD) age was 33.57 (10.70) years, and 37 (70%) were women. Amygdala reactivity of patients with remitted MDD and taking medication did not initially differ from that of control individuals (<jats:italic>t</jats:italic><jats:sub>125.136</jats:sub> = 0.33; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:italic>=</jats:italic> .74). An increase in amygdala reactivity after antidepressant discontinuation was associated with depression relapse (3-way interaction between group [12W (waited) vs 1W2 (discontinued)], time point [MA1 (first scan) vs MA2 (second scan)], and relapse: β, 18.9; 95% CI, 0.8-37.1; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:italic>=</jats:italic> .04). Amygdala reactivity change was associated with shorter times to relapse (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:italic>=</jats:italic> .01) and predictive of relapse (leave-one-out cross-validation balanced accuracy, 67%; 95% posterior predictive interval, 53-80; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceAn increase in amygdala reactivity was associated w
重要性停用抗抑郁药会大大增加抑郁症复发的风险,但造成这种情况的神经生物学机制尚不清楚。杏仁核对负面信息的反应性是抑郁症患者负面情绪过程的一个标记,抗抑郁药物会降低杏仁核的反应性,但杏仁核反应性是否对停用抗抑郁药物敏感,或者任何变化是否与停用抗抑郁药物后的复发风险有关,目前尚不清楚。设计、环境和参与者抗抑郁药物研究(AIDA)是一项纵向观察性研究,研究对象是目前正在服用抗抑郁药物的重度抑郁症(MDD)缓解期成年患者,他们接受了两次基于任务的杏仁核反应性功能磁共振成像(fMRI)测量。患者被随机分配在第二次fMRI测量之前或之后停用抗抑郁药。在为期6个月的随访期间对复发情况进行监测。研究招募时间为2015年6月至2018年1月。数据收集时间为 2015 年 7 月 1 日至 2019 年 1 月 31 日,统计分析时间为 2021 年 6 月至 2023 年 12 月。研究在瑞士苏黎世和德国柏林的一所大学进行。在招募的 123 名患者中,有 83 人被纳入分析。结果基于任务的杏仁核反应性 fMRI 测量和 MDD 在停药后 6 个月内的复发结果在 MDD 患者中,平均(标清)年龄为 35.42(11.41)岁,女性 62 人(75%)。对照组患者的平均年龄(标准差)为 33.57(10.70)岁,37(70%)人为女性。缓解型 MDD 患者的杏仁核反应性最初与服用药物的对照组患者没有差异(t125.136 = 0.33;P = .74)。停用抗抑郁药后杏仁核反应性的增加与抑郁症复发有关(组别[12W(等待) vs 1W2(停药)]、时间点[MA1(第一次扫描) vs MA2(第二次扫描)]和复发之间的三方交互作用:β,18.9;95% CI,0.8-37.1;P = .04)。杏仁核反应性变化与更短的复发时间相关(危险比,1.05;95% CI,1.01-1.09;P = .01),并可预测复发(留空交叉验证平衡准确率,67%;95% 后预测区间,53-80;P = .02)。结论和相关性杏仁核反应性的增加与停用抗抑郁药后的复发风险有关,它可能是一种功能性神经影像标记,可为停用抗抑郁药的临床决策提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Risk of Suicide Across Medical Conditions and the Role of Prior Mental Disorder. 各种医疗状况下的自杀风险以及先前精神障碍的作用。
IF 22.5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2561
Søren Dinesen Østergaard, Natalie C Momen, Uffe Heide-Jørgensen, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll

Importance: According to the World Health Organization, more than 700 000 individuals worldwide die by suicide each year. Medical conditions likely increase the risk of suicide.

Objective: To (1) provide age- and sex-specific pairwise estimates of the risk of suicide across a comprehensive range of medical conditions, (2) investigate whether there is a dose-response-like relationship at play (ie, the higher the disability burden due to medical morbidity, the higher the risk of suicide), and (3) determine if the risk of suicide with medical conditions is particularly pronounced among those who had mental disorder preceding the medical conditions.

Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study was an observational study of population-based data for all individuals living in Denmark at some point between 2000 and 2020. The data analysis took place from September 2023 to May 2024.

Exposures: Thirty-one specific medical conditions as well as prior mental disorder.

Main outcomes and measures: The main outcome was suicide. Associations between the 31 specific medical conditions, nested within 9 categories, and suicide were examined via Poisson regression, yielding incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Subsequent analyses included an interaction term to assess whether a previous hospital-treated mental disorder modified the associations. Finally, the association between the disability burden of medical conditions and suicide was examined for those with and without prior mental disorder, respectively.

Results: A total of 6 635 857 individuals (3 337 613 females and 3 298 244 males) were included in the analyses of the associations between medical conditions and suicide. Except for endocrine disorders, all categories of medical conditions were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of suicide (which was most pronounced for gastrointestinal conditions [IRR, 1.7; 95% CI,1.5-1.8], cancer [IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.6], and hematological conditions [IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6]). Interaction between mental disorder and individual medical conditions did not seem to play a major role for suicide risk. For those without but not for those with mental disorder, there was a dose-response-like relationship between the disability burden of medical conditions and suicide.

Conclusions and relevance: Medical conditions are generally associated with increased risk of suicide in a dose-response-like manner. Individuals with hospital-treated mental disorder appear to be at such elevated risk of suicide that additional disability associated with medical conditions has little impact in this regard.

重要性:据世界卫生组织统计,全世界每年有 70 多万人死于自杀。医疗条件可能会增加自杀风险:目的:(1) 对各种医疗状况下的自杀风险进行按年龄和性别配对的估算;(2) 研究是否存在剂量-反应关系(即医疗疾病导致的残疾负担越重,自杀风险越高);(3) 确定医疗状况导致的自杀风险是否在医疗状况之前患有精神障碍的人群中尤为明显:这项队列研究是一项基于人口数据的观察性研究,研究对象是 2000 年至 2020 年间居住在丹麦的所有人。数据分析时间为 2023 年 9 月至 2024 年 5 月:主要结果和测量指标:主要结果是自杀:主要结果是自杀。通过泊松回归检验了 31 种特定病症(嵌套在 9 个类别中)与自杀之间的关联,得出了发病率比 (IRR)。随后的分析中加入了交互项,以评估曾在医院接受过治疗的精神障碍是否会改变两者之间的关系。最后,我们还分别研究了曾患有和未患有精神障碍的患者的医疗条件残疾负担与自杀之间的关联:共有 6 635 857 人(女性 3 337 613 人,男性 3 298 244 人)参与了病情与自杀之间的关联分析。除内分泌失调外,所有类别的病症都与自杀风险的增加有显著的统计学关联(其中胃肠道疾病[IRR,1.7;95% CI,1.5-1.8]、癌症[IRR,1.5;95% CI,1.4-1.6]和血液病[IRR,1.5;95% CI,1.3-1.6]最为明显)。精神障碍与个体医疗条件之间的相互作用似乎并没有对自杀风险产生重大影响。对于没有精神障碍的人来说,医疗条件的残疾负担与自杀之间存在剂量-反应关系,而对于有精神障碍的人来说则没有这种关系:医疗状况通常与自杀风险的增加呈剂量反应关系。接受过医院治疗的精神障碍患者的自杀风险似乎很高,因此与医疗状况相关的额外残疾对其影响不大。
{"title":"Risk of Suicide Across Medical Conditions and the Role of Prior Mental Disorder.","authors":"Søren Dinesen Østergaard, Natalie C Momen, Uffe Heide-Jørgensen, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2561","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>According to the World Health Organization, more than 700 000 individuals worldwide die by suicide each year. Medical conditions likely increase the risk of suicide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To (1) provide age- and sex-specific pairwise estimates of the risk of suicide across a comprehensive range of medical conditions, (2) investigate whether there is a dose-response-like relationship at play (ie, the higher the disability burden due to medical morbidity, the higher the risk of suicide), and (3) determine if the risk of suicide with medical conditions is particularly pronounced among those who had mental disorder preceding the medical conditions.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This cohort study was an observational study of population-based data for all individuals living in Denmark at some point between 2000 and 2020. The data analysis took place from September 2023 to May 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Thirty-one specific medical conditions as well as prior mental disorder.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The main outcome was suicide. Associations between the 31 specific medical conditions, nested within 9 categories, and suicide were examined via Poisson regression, yielding incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Subsequent analyses included an interaction term to assess whether a previous hospital-treated mental disorder modified the associations. Finally, the association between the disability burden of medical conditions and suicide was examined for those with and without prior mental disorder, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6 635 857 individuals (3 337 613 females and 3 298 244 males) were included in the analyses of the associations between medical conditions and suicide. Except for endocrine disorders, all categories of medical conditions were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of suicide (which was most pronounced for gastrointestinal conditions [IRR, 1.7; 95% CI,1.5-1.8], cancer [IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.6], and hematological conditions [IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6]). Interaction between mental disorder and individual medical conditions did not seem to play a major role for suicide risk. For those without but not for those with mental disorder, there was a dose-response-like relationship between the disability burden of medical conditions and suicide.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Medical conditions are generally associated with increased risk of suicide in a dose-response-like manner. Individuals with hospital-treated mental disorder appear to be at such elevated risk of suicide that additional disability associated with medical conditions has little impact in this regard.</p>","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adverse Events in Studies of Classic Psychedelics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 经典迷幻药研究中的不良事件:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 22.5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2546
Jared T Hinkle, Marianna Graziosi, Sandeep M Nayak, David B Yaden
<p><strong>Importance: </strong>A clear and comprehensive understanding of risks associated with psychedelic-assisted therapy is necessary as investigators extend its application to new populations and indications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess adverse events (AEs) associated with classic psychedelics, particularly serious AEs (SAEs) and nonserious AEs (NSAEs) requiring medical or psychiatric evaluation.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The search for potentially eligible studies was conducted in the Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases from inception through February 8, 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Two independent reviewers screened articles of classic psychedelics (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], psilocybin, dimethyltryptamine [DMT], and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine [5-MeO-DMT]) involving administration in clinical or research contexts.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>AE data were extracted and synthesized by 2 reviewers and were used for random-effects meta-analysis of AE frequency and heterogeneity. Risk of bias assessment focused on AE ascertainment (eg, systematic assessment and quality of follow-up).</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>A hybrid approach was used for capture of all reported AEs following high-dose classic psychedelic exposure and confirmatory capture of AEs of special interest, including suicidality, psychotic disorder, manic symptoms, cardiovascular events, and hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. AEs were stratified by timescale and study population type. Forest plots of common AEs were generated, and the proportions of participants affected by SAEs or NSAEs requiring medical intervention were summarized descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 214 unique studies were included, of which 114 (53.3%) reported analyzable AE data for 3504 total participants. SAEs were reported for no healthy participants and for approximately 4% of participants with preexisting neuropsychiatric disorders; among these SAEs were worsening depression, suicidal behavior, psychosis, and convulsive episodes. NSAEs requiring medical intervention (eg, paranoia, headache) were similarly rare. In contemporary research settings, there were no reports of deaths by suicide, persistent psychotic disorders, or hallucinogen persisting perception disorders following administration of high-dose classic psychedelics. However, there was significant heterogeneity in the quality of AE monitoring and reporting. Of 68 analyzed studies published since 2005, only 16 (23.5%) described systematic approaches to AE assessment, and 20 studies (29.4%) reported all AEs, as opposed to only adverse drug reactions. Meta-analyses of prevalence for common AEs (eg, headache, anxiety, nausea, fatigue, and dizziness) yielded comparable results for psilocybin and LSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this systematic review and meta-analysis, cl
重要性:随着研究人员将迷幻辅助疗法应用于新的人群和适应症,有必要清楚而全面地了解与之相关的风险:评估与经典迷幻药相关的不良事件(AEs),尤其是需要进行医疗或精神评估的严重不良事件(SAEs)和非严重不良事件(NSAEs):从开始到 2024 年 2 月 8 日,在 Scopus、MEDLINE、PsycINFO 和 Web of Science 数据库中对可能符合条件的研究进行了检索:两名独立审稿人筛选了涉及临床或研究用药的经典迷幻药(麦角酰二乙胺[LSD]、迷幻药、二甲基色胺[DMT]和 5-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基色胺[5-MeO-DMT])的文章:AE数据由两名审稿人提取和综合,并用于AE频率和异质性的随机效应荟萃分析。偏倚风险评估侧重于AE的确定(如系统评估和随访质量):主要结果和测量方法:采用混合方法采集高剂量典型迷幻药暴露后报告的所有AE,并确认采集特别关注的AE,包括自杀、精神病性障碍、躁狂症状、心血管事件和致幻剂持续感知障碍。AEs按时间尺度和研究人群类型进行了分层。生成了常见AEs的森林图,并对受SAEs或NSAEs影响而需要医疗干预的参与者比例进行了描述性总结:结果:共纳入了 214 项独特的研究,其中 114 项(53.3%)报告了 3504 名参与者的可分析 AE 数据。没有健康参试者发生 SAE,约 4% 的参试者患有原有的神经精神疾病;这些 SAE 包括抑郁症恶化、自杀行为、精神病和惊厥发作。需要医疗干预的非甾体抗炎药物不良反应(如妄想症、头痛)同样罕见。在当代研究环境中,没有关于服用大剂量经典迷幻药后出现自杀死亡、持续性精神障碍或幻觉持续感知障碍的报告。然而,在AE监测和报告的质量方面存在着明显的异质性。在 2005 年以来发表的 68 项分析研究中,只有 16 项(23.5%)介绍了系统的 AE 评估方法,20 项研究(29.4%)报告了所有 AE,而非仅报告了药物不良反应。对常见 AEs(如头痛、焦虑、恶心、疲劳和头晕)发生率的元分析结果显示,迷幻药和迷幻剂的 AEs 发生率相当:在这项系统综述和荟萃分析中,根据现有文献,经典迷幻药在临床或研究环境中的耐受性一般都很好,但也有发生 SAE 的情况。这些结果提供了常见AE频率的估计值,并表明在娱乐或非临床环境中报告的某些灾难性事件尚未在当代试验参与者中报告。要了解这些物质的风险和益处,并将这些风险传达给未来的研究参与者和公众,就需要进行仔细、持续和改进的药物警戒。
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引用次数: 0
Unintentional Intoxication or Injury and Risk for Self-Harm in Adolescents and Young Adults. 青少年意外中毒或伤害与自残风险。
IF 22.5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1692
Ariel Frajerman, Karine Goueslard, Catherine Quantin, Fabrice Jollant
{"title":"Unintentional Intoxication or Injury and Risk for Self-Harm in Adolescents and Young Adults.","authors":"Ariel Frajerman, Karine Goueslard, Catherine Quantin, Fabrice Jollant","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1692","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1692","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11223050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tax Policy-An Understudied Approach to Reducing Cannabis Use. 税收政策--一种未被充分研究的减少大麻使用的方法。
IF 22.5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1675
Elyse R Grossman, Bethany Deeds, Carlos Blanco
{"title":"Tax Policy-An Understudied Approach to Reducing Cannabis Use.","authors":"Elyse R Grossman, Bethany Deeds, Carlos Blanco","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1675","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
JAMA Psychiatry
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