Journal De Radiologie最新文献

Pubalgia is a generic term used to describe groin pain due to a multitude of different etiologies such as skeletal (microtraumatic pubic symphysis arthropathy), muscular (adductor or rectus abdominis disorders), or abdominal wall (inguinal hernia) disorders. Diagnosis relies mainly on MRI for musculoskeletal disorders and ultrasound for abdominal wall disorders.

Fractures of the hip and pelvis are frequent and serious injuries in elderly patients. Due to the aging population, their incidence should double by 2050. Therefore, the social and economical implications of these fractures are significant. Delay in diagnosis increases the associated morbidity and mortality. The purpose is to review the imaging features of these fractures, the imaging techniques (projections, CT) to depict them and their classification based on severity.

Hip degeneration is typically easily diagnosed, based on the combination of clinical findings and plain films showing the four classifical findings: joint space narrowing, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis and subchondral cysts. Some degenerated hips may have misleading features such as when joint space narrowing is mainly posterior or the main finding is a large subchondral cyst. Rapidly destructive coxopathy results in joint space narrowing and joint destruction over a few months. MRI is helpful in early cases with normal radiographs or in patients with known hip degeneration presenting with acute worsening of symptoms. Follow-up is achieved by measuring the joint space on consecutive radiographs obtained using a standard technique.

Total hip arthroplasty is a frequent procedure with functional outcome that generally is excellent and lasting. Routine imaging follow-up is necessary to detect complications such as loosening and wearing out. Additional imaging with scintigraphy, CT, ultrasound or MRI may be necessary.

The acetabular labrum, a fibrocartilaginous structure essential to the proper functioning of the hip joint, may be damaged from a variety of conditions including femoroacetabular impingement. FAI is defined by abnormal contact between the femur and acetabulum and is characterized by an underlying morphological abnormality of the femur (dysplastic bump at the head/neck junction, Cam effect), acetabulum (excessive coverage, Pincer effect), or both. The abnormal morphology is suspected on plain films and additional evaluation with either CT or MR arthrography is then performed. The role of the radiologist is to describe the imaging findings while allowing the clinician to make the diagnosis based on clinical symptoms (groin pain, reduced internal rotation). Comprehensive evaluation of the underlying structural abnormalities and associated lesions is important to optimize surgical management with the goal of reducing painful symptoms, improve range of motion and prevent early hip joint degeneration.

At one month, the acetabular depth from a standard lateral coronal section is 4.6 ± 1.0 mm. The correlation between experienced and junior radiologists is high (kappa 0.795). A treshhold of 6 mm with a Δ (difference between right and left) less than 1.5 mm provides a sensitivity of 100% for the detection of DDH at one month. Universal US screening at one month of all high-risk infants in 2009 resulted in a reduction of delayed diagnosis of DDH (zero girls, two boys) in Ille-et-Vilaine due to continuous medical education of general radiologists.

Chemical peritonitis occurs following intraperitoneal rupture of a mature ovarian dermoid. Rupture may be acute and spontaneous, typically during pregnancy, or iatrogenic. Low grade ruptures lead to parasitic peritoneal dermoid cysts, usually involving the greater omentum, cul-de-sac of Douglas and perihepatic region. Radiologists should be familiar with their appearance to correctly diagnose the condition and not mistake the disease for peritoneal carcinomatosis.