Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.3.210-215
Raed S. M. Daraghma
In present paper was aimed to study performance of link adaptation in NBIOT, which introduced by 3GPP in release 13 to function in mobile communications. The fundamental features of NB-IoT are its enlarged coverage, data rate, latency and battery lifetime compared to other cellular technologies. These features of NB-IoT manages it very beneficial in the IoT manufacturing, letting the technology to be hired in a vast domain of implementations, like health, smart cities, agriculture, WSNs. The main target of this study is to determine the performance of distinct characteristics of NB-IoT network with reasonable error rates in the uplink and the downlink connections. The performance of the several ways examined to decide their efficiency in relation to the requirements of the IoT industry. Software simulations were used to compare the distinct criteria settings to inspect which choices give better efficiency and cost trade-offs for constructing an NB-IoT network. The results show that data transmitted in smaller Transport Block Size (TBS) has fewer errors than if it has transmitted in greater blocks. Furthermore, the results offer that the error rate gets higher as the Doppler frequency increases in the propagation channel model. The results also show that the error rate gets higher as the modulation and coding scheme field (IMCS) increase.
{"title":"Performance of Link Adaptation in Narrow Band Internet of Things","authors":"Raed S. M. Daraghma","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.3.210-215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.3.210-215","url":null,"abstract":"In present paper was aimed to study performance of link adaptation in NBIOT, which introduced by 3GPP in release 13 to function in mobile communications. The fundamental features of NB-IoT are its enlarged coverage, data rate, latency and battery lifetime compared to other cellular technologies. These features of NB-IoT manages it very beneficial in the IoT manufacturing, letting the technology to be hired in a vast domain of implementations, like health, smart cities, agriculture, WSNs. The main target of this study is to determine the performance of distinct characteristics of NB-IoT network with reasonable error rates in the uplink and the downlink connections. The performance of the several ways examined to decide their efficiency in relation to the requirements of the IoT industry. Software simulations were used to compare the distinct criteria settings to inspect which choices give better efficiency and cost trade-offs for constructing an NB-IoT network. The results show that data transmitted in smaller Transport Block Size (TBS) has fewer errors than if it has transmitted in greater blocks. Furthermore, the results offer that the error rate gets higher as the Doppler frequency increases in the propagation channel model. The results also show that the error rate gets higher as the modulation and coding scheme field (IMCS) increase.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"41 1","pages":"210-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78603871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.8.661-667
A. Mobin, Anwar Ahmad
Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) with offset QAM (OQAM) is a possible waveform candidate for 5G and future wireless systems and standards. FBMC is realized using either polyphase network (PPN)-FFT or Frequency Spread (FS)-FBMC. In this paper, channel coding schemes such as turbo codes and low-density parity check (LDPC) codes were investigated in terms of their peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and bit-error-rate (BER) reduction performances for FS-FBMC/OQAM and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Simulation results show that turbo coded and LDPC coded FS-FBMC/OQAM systems performed better than turbo coded and LDPC coded OFDM systems in terms of BER performance. Also, LDPC coded FS-FBMC/OQAM system because of its adequate BER performance, reasonable PAPR performance, and reduced computational complexity was found to be an appropriate choice among other systems for 5G and future wireless networks. It was also found that incorporating channel coding resulted in a very large coding gain with only a minor rise in the system's PAPR value.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of FS-FBMC/OQAM System Using Turbo and LDPC Codes","authors":"A. Mobin, Anwar Ahmad","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.8.661-667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.8.661-667","url":null,"abstract":"Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) with offset QAM (OQAM) is a possible waveform candidate for 5G and future wireless systems and standards. FBMC is realized using either polyphase network (PPN)-FFT or Frequency Spread (FS)-FBMC. In this paper, channel coding schemes such as turbo codes and low-density parity check (LDPC) codes were investigated in terms of their peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and bit-error-rate (BER) reduction performances for FS-FBMC/OQAM and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Simulation results show that turbo coded and LDPC coded FS-FBMC/OQAM systems performed better than turbo coded and LDPC coded OFDM systems in terms of BER performance. Also, LDPC coded FS-FBMC/OQAM system because of its adequate BER performance, reasonable PAPR performance, and reduced computational complexity was found to be an appropriate choice among other systems for 5G and future wireless networks. It was also found that incorporating channel coding resulted in a very large coding gain with only a minor rise in the system's PAPR value.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"7 1","pages":"661-667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75908348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.4.273-279
Huu Phi Tran, H. Oh
A multi-hop approach can extend network coverage, including connectivity to difficult-to-access areas. This paper discusses the implementation and evaluation of the two-hop real-time LoRa (Two-hop RT-LoRa) protocol previously proposed to be used for industrial monitoring and control applications. The protocol was implemented on LoRa devices to support a multi-hop LoRa network that consists of one LoRa gateway and 40 end devices. It is shown with various campus deployment scenarios that the protocol improves reliability in data transmission significantly
{"title":"Implementation and Evaluation of Multi-hop LoRa Networks","authors":"Huu Phi Tran, H. Oh","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.4.273-279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.4.273-279","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-hop approach can extend network coverage, including connectivity to difficult-to-access areas. This paper discusses the implementation and evaluation of the two-hop real-time LoRa (Two-hop RT-LoRa) protocol previously proposed to be used for industrial monitoring and control applications. The protocol was implemented on LoRa devices to support a multi-hop LoRa network that consists of one LoRa gateway and 40 end devices. It is shown with various campus deployment scenarios that the protocol improves reliability in data transmission significantly","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"28 1","pages":"273-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77709348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haley R. Hatfield, Sun Joo Grace Ahn, Matthew Klein, Kristine L. Nowak
{"title":"Confronting whiteness through virtual humans: a review of 20 years of research in prejudice and racial bias using virtual environments","authors":"Haley R. Hatfield, Sun Joo Grace Ahn, Matthew Klein, Kristine L. Nowak","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84421740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.6.423-433
Dennis A. Martillano, Marco C. Iligan, Algerica Raeven R. Ramos, Allan Daraman, March Fernan H. Abadines
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has become one of the major causes of disability in the Philippines today. COPD is incurable and would also be one of the most painstaking diseases because it progresses over time. Patient self-monitoring, especially breathing patterns and frequency has become an increasingly recognized process which is beneficial for the ongoing care of COPD. Many potential technologies for the diagnosis and monitoring of COPD have been developed, but focusing on telehealth, imaging, and spirometry. This study has designed and created an IoT based system that could recognize and monitor the respiratory rate through breathing patterns and provide a means for doctors to remotely monitor the patient. The prototype device that has been developed was named X-Hale. X-Hale is a cost-effective and portable remote monitoring IoT-based tool, integrated within a wearable oxygen mask responsible for recognizing and recording accurate breathing frequency patterns. The system was designed to interweave underlying elements of Device-to-Cloud model for a straight-forward communication used in remote monitoring. The wearable device was tested using an HT50 ventilator that delivers machine-controlled dummy breathing in an actual hospital setting. Results show high accuracy in detecting breathing patterns in Slow, Normal and Fast respiratory rate per minute. X-Hale was also tested in actual patients to facilitate the remote monitoring of breathing patterns via the IoT communication model used.
{"title":"Wearable Tool for Breathing Pattern Recognition and Exacerbation Monitoring for COPD Patients via a Device-to-Cloud Communication Model","authors":"Dennis A. Martillano, Marco C. Iligan, Algerica Raeven R. Ramos, Allan Daraman, March Fernan H. Abadines","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.6.423-433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.6.423-433","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has become one of the major causes of disability in the Philippines today. COPD is incurable and would also be one of the most painstaking diseases because it progresses over time. Patient self-monitoring, especially breathing patterns and frequency has become an increasingly recognized process which is beneficial for the ongoing care of COPD. Many potential technologies for the diagnosis and monitoring of COPD have been developed, but focusing on telehealth, imaging, and spirometry. This study has designed and created an IoT based system that could recognize and monitor the respiratory rate through breathing patterns and provide a means for doctors to remotely monitor the patient. The prototype device that has been developed was named X-Hale. X-Hale is a cost-effective and portable remote monitoring IoT-based tool, integrated within a wearable oxygen mask responsible for recognizing and recording accurate breathing frequency patterns. The system was designed to interweave underlying elements of Device-to-Cloud model for a straight-forward communication used in remote monitoring. The wearable device was tested using an HT50 ventilator that delivers machine-controlled dummy breathing in an actual hospital setting. Results show high accuracy in detecting breathing patterns in Slow, Normal and Fast respiratory rate per minute. X-Hale was also tested in actual patients to facilitate the remote monitoring of breathing patterns via the IoT communication model used.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"47 1","pages":"423-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86015318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.9.723-733
M. Jha, Navin Kumar, P. Rubini, Y. Lakshmi
Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technique in Visible Light Communications (VLC) enhances the performances like spectral efficiency, achievable data rate, fairness, outage probability, etc. NOMA uses superposition in power domain at the transmitter and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) at the receiver. SIC operation is expected to perform perfect cancellation to avoid errors in the received signal. In this paper, Neural Network (NN) methods are used to overcome imperfect SIC in a NOMA VLC system. The Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), and bitrate performance of the NOMA VLC systems are analyzed using Convolution Neural Network (CNN), long short term memory (LSTM), and Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithms. Simulation results shows that the NN methods outperforms the conventional NOMA VLC system to a perfect SIC. Considering SNR for the BER 10−4, CNN outperforms SIC by 5 dB, DNN by 2 dB and LSTM by 1.5 dB. Further, CNN also outperforms SIC, DNN, and LSTM based NOMA VLC systems for BER performance as a function of bitrate. Thus, NN-based receiver will be a better alternative for imperfect SIC.
{"title":"NOMA VLC Systems and Neural Network Approach for Imperfect SIC","authors":"M. Jha, Navin Kumar, P. Rubini, Y. Lakshmi","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.9.723-733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.9.723-733","url":null,"abstract":"Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technique in Visible Light Communications (VLC) enhances the performances like spectral efficiency, achievable data rate, fairness, outage probability, etc. NOMA uses superposition in power domain at the transmitter and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) at the receiver. SIC operation is expected to perform perfect cancellation to avoid errors in the received signal. In this paper, Neural Network (NN) methods are used to overcome imperfect SIC in a NOMA VLC system. The Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), and bitrate performance of the NOMA VLC systems are analyzed using Convolution Neural Network (CNN), long short term memory (LSTM), and Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithms. Simulation results shows that the NN methods outperforms the conventional NOMA VLC system to a perfect SIC. Considering SNR for the BER 10−4, CNN outperforms SIC by 5 dB, DNN by 2 dB and LSTM by 1.5 dB. Further, CNN also outperforms SIC, DNN, and LSTM based NOMA VLC systems for BER performance as a function of bitrate. Thus, NN-based receiver will be a better alternative for imperfect SIC.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"68 1","pages":"723-733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80902689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.12.961-971
C. Lange, A. Ahrens
Power and energy consumption of communication net-works contribute to the resource demand and hence they impact the sustainability of the society. Transmission links form basic parts ofcommunication networks and thus they add to the overall communica-tio nnetworlks' resourcedemand. Therefore, it is important to optimize transmission links in order to support the energy-efficient design ot communication networks. In transmission systems the constellation size in general is a degnee of freedom when designing or adapting a transmission link. In this article, multilevel baseband transmission via additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and over copper cables is optimized with respect to minimum power and energy demand, respectively - for the relevant case of given throughput and fixed transmission quality of a transmission link. The results are two-fold: In the AWGN case the minimum power and energy is utilized at the smallest possible constellation size. In case of band- limited base band transmission over twisted-pair copper wires with linear equalization the optimum constellation size increases as the band limitation becomes stronger, ie, as the cable gets longer al fixed bit rate or as the bit rate is increased at fixed link length. The optimization of the constellation size enables significant power and energy savings per link in the range of 25 % to approximately 90 % compared to a conventional two-level baseband system.
{"title":"Power and Energy Efficiency of Multilevel Baseband Transmission Systems: Analysis, Optimization and Improvements","authors":"C. Lange, A. Ahrens","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.12.961-971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.12.961-971","url":null,"abstract":"Power and energy consumption of communication net-works contribute to the resource demand and hence they impact the sustainability of the society. Transmission links form basic parts ofcommunication networks and thus they add to the overall communica-tio nnetworlks' resourcedemand. Therefore, it is important to optimize transmission links in order to support the energy-efficient design ot communication networks. In transmission systems the constellation size in general is a degnee of freedom when designing or adapting a transmission link. In this article, multilevel baseband transmission via additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and over copper cables is optimized with respect to minimum power and energy demand, respectively - for the relevant case of given throughput and fixed transmission quality of a transmission link. The results are two-fold: In the AWGN case the minimum power and energy is utilized at the smallest possible constellation size. In case of band- limited base band transmission over twisted-pair copper wires with linear equalization the optimum constellation size increases as the band limitation becomes stronger, ie, as the cable gets longer al fixed bit rate or as the bit rate is increased at fixed link length. The optimization of the constellation size enables significant power and energy savings per link in the range of 25 % to approximately 90 % compared to a conventional two-level baseband system.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"21 1","pages":"961-971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81224772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.8.625-631
J. Oubaha, Ali Ouacha, Hassan Echoukairi
MPLS-TE Networks are complex interacting systems, providers integrate absolutely the forwarding equivalent class involving in the dynamic routing algorithm "Dynamic Multi Criteria Routing", especially with network services such as an IPtv, a VPNs or a VoIP with the several types of video streaming and similar user applications, making its flagship technologies of tomorrow. Machine learning is very compatible for this kind of networks. In this paper, we first review how the main machine learning concepts can be integrated in communication networks and discuss concepts, supervised and unsupervised model suitable to the network, data and management strategies, and creating a new architecture of network controls and management tools. We then describe case studies networking in detail, anticipate anomalies at multiple network layers, covering predictive maintenance, descriptive network topology management, capacity optimization. Finally, we prove the importance of this work, and guess an overview of intelligent dynamic networks.
{"title":"Distributed Multi Criteria Routed for MPLS-TE Based on Machine Learning: Concept and Applications","authors":"J. Oubaha, Ali Ouacha, Hassan Echoukairi","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.8.625-631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.8.625-631","url":null,"abstract":"MPLS-TE Networks are complex interacting systems, providers integrate absolutely the forwarding equivalent class involving in the dynamic routing algorithm \"Dynamic Multi Criteria Routing\", especially with network services such as an IPtv, a VPNs or a VoIP with the several types of video streaming and similar user applications, making its flagship technologies of tomorrow. Machine learning is very compatible for this kind of networks. In this paper, we first review how the main machine learning concepts can be integrated in communication networks and discuss concepts, supervised and unsupervised model suitable to the network, data and management strategies, and creating a new architecture of network controls and management tools. We then describe case studies networking in detail, anticipate anomalies at multiple network layers, covering predictive maintenance, descriptive network topology management, capacity optimization. Finally, we prove the importance of this work, and guess an overview of intelligent dynamic networks.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"7 1","pages":"625-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76288681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The visible light communication (VLC) exploits the LED as an antenna in which only works on “forward bias” conditions. Therefore, when the VLC has an input signal with minus voltage it will be clipped, and only the positive side is transmitted by LED. If the VLC has an analog signal input with a completely positive amplitude, the LED may exhibit flicker-effect when the input frequency is relatively low to medium. Therefore, the correct method for LED conditioning is by lumping the information signal in the DC area. The “Bias Tee” (Bias-T) is a commercial module that is most commonly applied for LED conditioning with analog input signal characteristics. Although the performance is powerful and significant for transmitting the high-frequency, the cost is relatively inexpensive. Therefore, this study proposes a low-cost Bias-T module for a low bit-rate VLC system. Instead of the Bias-T generally, that uses an inductor and capacitor, this module is built by Op-Amps circuit which consists of 1) buffer Op-Amp as DC input (VDC-OFFSET), 2) variable Pre-Amplifier as signal information input (VINF), 3) summing amplifier to combine these two signals (VINF + VDC-OFFSET) and 4) current amplifier for increasing the high-power LED with no-flicker (stable illumination). The designed Bias-T is built on a discrete component. The evaluations involved three approaches, given the input signal: 1) with a single carrier in sine form, 2) analog signal from digital signal processing (DSP) board, 3) audio signal generated from a personal computer. In summary, the Bias-T works as properly as expected.
{"title":"Prototyping Design of Low-Cost Bias-T Circuit Based-on Op-Amp for Visible Light Communication","authors":"S. Fuada","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.1.63-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.1.63-73","url":null,"abstract":"The visible light communication (VLC) exploits the LED as an antenna in which only works on “forward bias” conditions. Therefore, when the VLC has an input signal with minus voltage it will be clipped, and only the positive side is transmitted by LED. If the VLC has an analog signal input with a completely positive amplitude, the LED may exhibit flicker-effect when the input frequency is relatively low to medium. Therefore, the correct method for LED conditioning is by lumping the information signal in the DC area. The “Bias Tee” (Bias-T) is a commercial module that is most commonly applied for LED conditioning with analog input signal characteristics. Although the performance is powerful and significant for transmitting the high-frequency, the cost is relatively inexpensive. Therefore, this study proposes a low-cost Bias-T module for a low bit-rate VLC system. Instead of the Bias-T generally, that uses an inductor and capacitor, this module is built by Op-Amps circuit which consists of 1) buffer Op-Amp as DC input (VDC-OFFSET), 2) variable Pre-Amplifier as signal information input (VINF), 3) summing amplifier to combine these two signals (VINF + VDC-OFFSET) and 4) current amplifier for increasing the high-power LED with no-flicker (stable illumination). The designed Bias-T is built on a discrete component. The evaluations involved three approaches, given the input signal: 1) with a single carrier in sine form, 2) analog signal from digital signal processing (DSP) board, 3) audio signal generated from a personal computer. In summary, the Bias-T works as properly as expected.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"8 1","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82103165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.11.925-932
Rafal Azzam Abed, S. Ayoob
5G overcame the severe shortage of cellular spectrum used by its predecessors by using millimeter-wave (mmWave) packets that provide broadband to 5G wireless networks. The problem of Inter User Interference (IUI) is also one of the most important and dangerous problems facing telecommunication networks. IUI is exacerbated, especially in the areas near the Tower as the narrow coverage area compared to the areas farthest from the Tower. As a result of this effect, our paper proposes a new model by taking a matrix of antennas at different heights and coordinating mmWave beams. Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) is the essential solution in 5G to improve throughput and coverage performance. As a result, millimeter wave technology was used in the proposed CoMP system. The new proposed system works to study the effect of the height of the antenna matrix on reducing IUI by calculating the peak capacity value on the user with different distances. In addition to the impact of the azimuth angle of arrival AoA (∅) on capacity when implementing each scenario. Simulation results show that the proposed system scheme with different heights of the antenna matrix can get a large capacity than a traditional system. Choosing the best antenna matrix height reduces interference and improves capacity. The highest improvement obtained is 53%.
{"title":"A Proposed Method to Coordinate mmWave Beams Based on Coordinated Multi-Point in 5G Networks","authors":"Rafal Azzam Abed, S. Ayoob","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.11.925-932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.11.925-932","url":null,"abstract":"5G overcame the severe shortage of cellular spectrum used by its predecessors by using millimeter-wave (mmWave) packets that provide broadband to 5G wireless networks. The problem of Inter User Interference (IUI) is also one of the most important and dangerous problems facing telecommunication networks. IUI is exacerbated, especially in the areas near the Tower as the narrow coverage area compared to the areas farthest from the Tower. As a result of this effect, our paper proposes a new model by taking a matrix of antennas at different heights and coordinating mmWave beams. Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) is the essential solution in 5G to improve throughput and coverage performance. As a result, millimeter wave technology was used in the proposed CoMP system. The new proposed system works to study the effect of the height of the antenna matrix on reducing IUI by calculating the peak capacity value on the user with different distances. In addition to the impact of the azimuth angle of arrival AoA (∅) on capacity when implementing each scenario. Simulation results show that the proposed system scheme with different heights of the antenna matrix can get a large capacity than a traditional system. Choosing the best antenna matrix height reduces interference and improves capacity. The highest improvement obtained is 53%.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"34 1","pages":"925-932"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86402628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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