Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.6.434-442
K. Ogunyanda, T. Swart, Opeyemi O. Ogunyanda
Considerable effort has been focused on efficient error correction schemes in digital communications where the medium of transmission is unfriendly for information transmission. Also, some of such channels have certain frequency characteristics that should be considered during system designs. Permutation coding (PC) has been reported as being capable of spectral shaping, by manipulating channel symbols in such a way that the frequency energy of the transmitted signal is concentrated towards certain areas of the frequency spectrum. We, therefore, report an extension operation that enables the generation of a new PC from a source PC that is capable of spectrum shaping, while still maintaining its spectral shaping capability. A mathematical expression that can predict the low energy sections of the codebook's spectrum is also presented, together with their lower and upper bounds. An added advantage of the proposed scheme is that better error correction is attainable due to the way the extension is introduced.
{"title":"Extended Permutation Coding with Spectral Shaping Capability","authors":"K. Ogunyanda, T. Swart, Opeyemi O. Ogunyanda","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.6.434-442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.6.434-442","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable effort has been focused on efficient error correction schemes in digital communications where the medium of transmission is unfriendly for information transmission. Also, some of such channels have certain frequency characteristics that should be considered during system designs. Permutation coding (PC) has been reported as being capable of spectral shaping, by manipulating channel symbols in such a way that the frequency energy of the transmitted signal is concentrated towards certain areas of the frequency spectrum. We, therefore, report an extension operation that enables the generation of a new PC from a source PC that is capable of spectrum shaping, while still maintaining its spectral shaping capability. A mathematical expression that can predict the low energy sections of the codebook's spectrum is also presented, together with their lower and upper bounds. An added advantage of the proposed scheme is that better error correction is attainable due to the way the extension is introduced.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"19 1","pages":"434-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80866045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.11.865-877
Khairul Anwar Bin Kamarul Hatta, K. Wee, W. Cheah, Y. Wee
Extended research has been made in exploring the possibilities of a better real-time oriented downlink scheduling. The reason for these possibilities is caused by a fast-paced growth demand for multimedia applications that are mainly developed for mobile devices, and requires a high-speed wireless transmission for its satisfaction. Repositioning mobile devices have been one of the challenges arising from that demand. Due to the growth of mobile device users, another challenge has also been found, which is the capability of wireless networks to handle multiple simultaneous users within a single cell network environment. Current downlink scheduling algorithm which can cope with this challenge, Most Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF), needs to be improvised to suits the demands. True Bayesian Estimate (TBE) is one of the Bayes Estimator models which is suitable for handling multivariate parameters. Three proposed TBE algorithms have been designed with each having a different key design and objective. TBE-Fair (TBE-F) has provided a fairer and less delay scheduling as compared to MLWDF while TBE-Delay (TBE-D) manages to have a higher throughput rate. TBE-Flow Delay (TBE-FD) is an overall scheduler that manages multivariate QoS to perform better for real-time scheduling. All the TBE’s algorithms have better performances than MLWDF in real-time traffic due to its main key design of real-time oriented scheduling which focuses more on video and VoIP flows.
{"title":"LTE Downlink Scheduling: A True Bayesian Estimate Approach","authors":"Khairul Anwar Bin Kamarul Hatta, K. Wee, W. Cheah, Y. Wee","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.11.865-877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.11.865-877","url":null,"abstract":"Extended research has been made in exploring the possibilities of a better real-time oriented downlink scheduling. The reason for these possibilities is caused by a fast-paced growth demand for multimedia applications that are mainly developed for mobile devices, and requires a high-speed wireless transmission for its satisfaction. Repositioning mobile devices have been one of the challenges arising from that demand. Due to the growth of mobile device users, another challenge has also been found, which is the capability of wireless networks to handle multiple simultaneous users within a single cell network environment. Current downlink scheduling algorithm which can cope with this challenge, Most Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF), needs to be improvised to suits the demands. True Bayesian Estimate (TBE) is one of the Bayes Estimator models which is suitable for handling multivariate parameters. Three proposed TBE algorithms have been designed with each having a different key design and objective. TBE-Fair (TBE-F) has provided a fairer and less delay scheduling as compared to MLWDF while TBE-Delay (TBE-D) manages to have a higher throughput rate. TBE-Flow Delay (TBE-FD) is an overall scheduler that manages multivariate QoS to perform better for real-time scheduling. All the TBE’s algorithms have better performances than MLWDF in real-time traffic due to its main key design of real-time oriented scheduling which focuses more on video and VoIP flows.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"19 1","pages":"865-877"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91044885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.9.682-690
M. Abdellatif, Omar Aly
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks VANETs are normally sparse, highly dense, and highly mobile with many different and ever-changing topologies. These characteristics impose a challenge on finding a routing algorithm that fits the requirements of such network. The aim of this work is to study the performance issues of VANETs under different scenarios using realistic mobility models. In this paper, a comparative study is done among Ad-hoc On- Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and position-based routing protocols, namely Greedy Perimeter stateless routing (GPSR), and Max duration Min angle GPSR (MMGPSR). The comparison is done using key quality of service QoS metrics such as average routing goodput, end-to-end delay, MacPhy overhead, and packet delivery ratio PDR. The study is conducted using Network Simulator 3 (NS3) and SUMO.
{"title":"Studying Routing Issues in Vanets Using Ns-3 and SUMO","authors":"M. Abdellatif, Omar Aly","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.9.682-690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.9.682-690","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks VANETs are normally sparse, highly dense, and highly mobile with many different and ever-changing topologies. These characteristics impose a challenge on finding a routing algorithm that fits the requirements of such network. The aim of this work is to study the performance issues of VANETs under different scenarios using realistic mobility models. In this paper, a comparative study is done among Ad-hoc On- Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and position-based routing protocols, namely Greedy Perimeter stateless routing (GPSR), and Max duration Min angle GPSR (MMGPSR). The comparison is done using key quality of service QoS metrics such as average routing goodput, end-to-end delay, MacPhy overhead, and packet delivery ratio PDR. The study is conducted using Network Simulator 3 (NS3) and SUMO.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"20 1","pages":"682-690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90437429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inaccuracies and Izzat: Channel Affordances for the Consideration of Face in Misinformation Correction","authors":"Katy E. Pearce, Pranav Malhotra","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmac004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73445107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.3.222-229
Pusparina Arum Rahmawati, A. Hikmaturokhman, Khoirun Ni’amah, M. I. Nashiruddin
This paper plans a LoRaWAN network for smart meters in Karawang Industrial Estate, Indonesia's largest industrial estate. To measure and recognize electricity use in a place immediately, we use a tool called a smart meter, which is part of the Internet of Things (IoT), to provide control and optimization of electricity. Smart meters will operate using LoRaWAN network connectivity as a LoRaWAN communication protocol that supports IoT use at a frequency of 920-923 MHz using coverage planning and capacity planning using Forsk Atoll 3.3.2 simulation software. The parameters used in this study are Spreading Factor (SF) 7, Code Rate (CR) 4/5, Bandwidth 125 kHz, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP). We use them to obtain the number of gateways needed to optimize the scope of gateways for sending electricity monitoring data to Karawang Industrial Estate and knowing the value generated from the parameters above. The simulation of LoRaWAN planning resulted in RSRP with a mean of-77.94 dBm and a standard deviation of 8.27 dBm. The SNR result has a mean of 13.14 dB with a standard deviation of 9.68 dB. The last parameter is that throughput ranges of 4-6 kbps with a mean of 5.47 kbps. The result of this planning produces RSRP, SNR, and Throughput parameter values in good condition to be applied to the application of smart metering in Karawang Industrial Estate.
{"title":"LoRaWAN Network Planning at Frequency 920-923 MHz for Electric Smart Meter: Study Case in Indonesia Industrial Estate","authors":"Pusparina Arum Rahmawati, A. Hikmaturokhman, Khoirun Ni’amah, M. I. Nashiruddin","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.3.222-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.3.222-229","url":null,"abstract":"This paper plans a LoRaWAN network for smart meters in Karawang Industrial Estate, Indonesia's largest industrial estate. To measure and recognize electricity use in a place immediately, we use a tool called a smart meter, which is part of the Internet of Things (IoT), to provide control and optimization of electricity. Smart meters will operate using LoRaWAN network connectivity as a LoRaWAN communication protocol that supports IoT use at a frequency of 920-923 MHz using coverage planning and capacity planning using Forsk Atoll 3.3.2 simulation software. The parameters used in this study are Spreading Factor (SF) 7, Code Rate (CR) 4/5, Bandwidth 125 kHz, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP). We use them to obtain the number of gateways needed to optimize the scope of gateways for sending electricity monitoring data to Karawang Industrial Estate and knowing the value generated from the parameters above. The simulation of LoRaWAN planning resulted in RSRP with a mean of-77.94 dBm and a standard deviation of 8.27 dBm. The SNR result has a mean of 13.14 dB with a standard deviation of 9.68 dB. The last parameter is that throughput ranges of 4-6 kbps with a mean of 5.47 kbps. The result of this planning produces RSRP, SNR, and Throughput parameter values in good condition to be applied to the application of smart metering in Karawang Industrial Estate.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"19 1","pages":"222-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75714644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Fake One is the Real One: Finstas, Authenticity, and Context Collapse in Teen Friend Groups","authors":"C. Darr, E. Doss","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75836697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.7.566-573
Abdul Majid Soomro, M. F. Fudzee, Hafiz Muhammad Saim, Gohar Zaman
A disaster situation is an event that alters in the normal execution of activities. A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-controlled, autonomous wireless network used in an uncertain environment with decentralized control. In disaster, when communication between nodes is not performed properly, MANET can impart an important role of communication between nodes in uncertain situations. In MANET, routing is considered one of the most salient aspects of data transfer in a disaster situation. Proactive and reactive protocols are used as standard in various applications of MANET owing to the simplicity in their design and performance. Combining three routing protocols makes a hybrid approach to get better performance inefficient route discovery and maintenance. This is because reactive routing protocols, sometimes, do not provide better performance in heavy traffic and load, especially in a disaster. This is because the hybrid approach is very useful for fast convergence with low memory and power management. This paper introduces an improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) approach that combines two reactive and one proactive routing protocol to provide efficient route discovery and maintenance mechanisms. The simulation environment is used for the proposed approach. Results after simulation illustrate that it provides better performance in data packet delivery, routing load, throughput, and end-to-end delay data packet delivery, routing load, throughput, and end-to-end delay than the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Zone-based Routing Protocol (ZRP). The contrasting results between the IHRP and existing protocol indicate that the IHRP outperforms and increases the performance from 9% to 12%.
{"title":"Route Discovery Using Hybrid Approach for Disaster Management in MANET","authors":"Abdul Majid Soomro, M. F. Fudzee, Hafiz Muhammad Saim, Gohar Zaman","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.7.566-573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.7.566-573","url":null,"abstract":"A disaster situation is an event that alters in the normal execution of activities. A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-controlled, autonomous wireless network used in an uncertain environment with decentralized control. In disaster, when communication between nodes is not performed properly, MANET can impart an important role of communication between nodes in uncertain situations. In MANET, routing is considered one of the most salient aspects of data transfer in a disaster situation. Proactive and reactive protocols are used as standard in various applications of MANET owing to the simplicity in their design and performance. Combining three routing protocols makes a hybrid approach to get better performance inefficient route discovery and maintenance. This is because reactive routing protocols, sometimes, do not provide better performance in heavy traffic and load, especially in a disaster. This is because the hybrid approach is very useful for fast convergence with low memory and power management. This paper introduces an improved hybrid routing protocol (IHRP) approach that combines two reactive and one proactive routing protocol to provide efficient route discovery and maintenance mechanisms. The simulation environment is used for the proposed approach. Results after simulation illustrate that it provides better performance in data packet delivery, routing load, throughput, and end-to-end delay data packet delivery, routing load, throughput, and end-to-end delay than the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Zone-based Routing Protocol (ZRP). The contrasting results between the IHRP and existing protocol indicate that the IHRP outperforms and increases the performance from 9% to 12%.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"65 1","pages":"566-573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79520983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12720/jcm.17.10.820-829
O. Abedi, Soltan Mohammad Soltani
In VANET, moving vehicles each act as one moving node. Because of the large mobility of vehicles, the topology of the network is unstable. This instability of the network and its rapid changes have created a major challenge with regard to mobility management. Optimizing routing across automotive networks improves network node mobility management and minimizes clustering changes. As a result, in this study, the node clustering method was used for greater stability in node mobility. This study aims to significantly reduce changes in network topology, which means a decrease in clusters, as well as a significant increase in cluster survival. A random mobility model was considered in NS-3 and the speed of the nodes was randomized between 0 and 30 m/s. The simulation results showed that the proposed protocol has a high rate of accepted packages and the average survival of nodes and at the same time low cluster changes, which has a significant effect on improving mobility.
{"title":"Improving Mobility-aware Routing in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks Considering Two Level Architecture","authors":"O. Abedi, Soltan Mohammad Soltani","doi":"10.12720/jcm.17.10.820-829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.17.10.820-829","url":null,"abstract":"In VANET, moving vehicles each act as one moving node. Because of the large mobility of vehicles, the topology of the network is unstable. This instability of the network and its rapid changes have created a major challenge with regard to mobility management. Optimizing routing across automotive networks improves network node mobility management and minimizes clustering changes. As a result, in this study, the node clustering method was used for greater stability in node mobility. This study aims to significantly reduce changes in network topology, which means a decrease in clusters, as well as a significant increase in cluster survival. A random mobility model was considered in NS-3 and the speed of the nodes was randomized between 0 and 30 m/s. The simulation results showed that the proposed protocol has a high rate of accepted packages and the average survival of nodes and at the same time low cluster changes, which has a significant effect on improving mobility.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"46 1","pages":"820-829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84126953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By performing actions such as “liking” a post, commenting on it, or sharing it with others, we are constantly expressing our opinions about ongoing news and public affairs on online media platforms. How do these acts of expression affect our feelings and opinions? We address this question from an “affordance” perspective, focusing on the effects of both the presence of the expression affordance (cue effects) and users’ actual engagement with it (action effects). We conducted an online experiment ( N ¼ 368) on a news website with thumbs-up/down and/or commenting as low-effort and high-effort expression affordances, respectively. Data revealed that the low-effort affordance led to more affective polarization while the high-effort affordance promoted increased interest in deliberation. Merely presenting a commenting cue mitigated affective polarization by increasing perceived interactivity. However, when users engaged the affordance by providing comments, it tended to reinforce pre-existing opinions. These findings have theoretical and practical implications.
{"title":"Liking versus commenting on online news: effects of expression affordances on political attitudes","authors":"Jinping Wang, S. Sundar","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmac018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac018","url":null,"abstract":"By performing actions such as “liking” a post, commenting on it, or sharing it with others, we are constantly expressing our opinions about ongoing news and public affairs on online media platforms. How do these acts of expression affect our feelings and opinions? We address this question from an “affordance” perspective, focusing on the effects of both the presence of the expression affordance (cue effects) and users’ actual engagement with it (action effects). We conducted an online experiment ( N ¼ 368) on a news website with thumbs-up/down and/or commenting as low-effort and high-effort expression affordances, respectively. Data revealed that the low-effort affordance led to more affective polarization while the high-effort affordance promoted increased interest in deliberation. Merely presenting a commenting cue mitigated affective polarization by increasing perceived interactivity. However, when users engaged the affordance by providing comments, it tended to reinforce pre-existing opinions. These findings have theoretical and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83977980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Darknet imaginaries in Internet memes: the discursive malleability of the cultural status of digital technologies","authors":"Piotr Siuda, J. Nowak, R. Gehl","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmac023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14832,"journal":{"name":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78742226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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