Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-39-43
G. Shiderova, A. Karimova, G. Kaishibayeva, G. Amrayeva
Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders. The nature of this disease is not fully understood. It was believed that this pathology manifests itself only by tremor, and symptoms such as depression, anxiety and apathy in patients with essential tremor can only be regarded as a reaction to the presence of tremor. Cognitive impairment is a concomitant pathology that can occur in the elderly, which accounts for a more frequent onset of the disease. But is it really so Purpose of the study. To study the literature data to identify the presence in patients with essential tremor of such signs that can be attributed to the group of "non-motor" symptoms. Material and methods. In order to study the literature data, a search was carried out in the Web of Science, PubMed databases. During the search, all articles published since 2000 were examined and the following terms were used in combination with "essential tremor": "non-motor symptoms", "anxiety", "depression", "apathy", "cognitive impairment", "sleep disorders", "hearing impairment", "hyposmia". The main search terms were studies based on the study of patients with essential tremor: meta-analyzes, original studies, retrospective and cohort studies. Results and discussion. It can be unambiguously argued that symptoms such as anxiety, depression, apathy and cognitive, hearing and smell dysfunctions are characterised to the patients with essential tremor. The first three manifestations were attributed to the response to the presence of tremor. And cognitive functions, hearing and smell dysfunctions was considered a concomitant pathology, which occurs quite often in old age, which accounts for a more frequent onset of the disease. But in reality, everything is not so simple. The literature data, which began to appear over the past 20 years, make it clear that the previously mentioned clinical manifestations may well be regarded as "non-motor" symptoms of essential tremor. Conclusion. Nowadays neurologists are increasingly faced with the problem of differential diagnosis of essential tremor. Despite the fact that everything was very simple and clear on the diagnosis of this disease, in recent years more and more data have appeared in favor of the fact that essential tremor is a heterogeneous disease that manifests not only by tremor. But this is also a disease, which, due to its heterogeneity of pathophysiology, can give great variability in the clinical picture. Keywords: essential tremor, nonmotor symptoms, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairnment, dementia.
特发性震颤是最常见的运动障碍之一。这种疾病的性质尚不完全清楚。人们认为这种病理只表现为震颤，原发性震颤患者的抑郁、焦虑和冷漠等症状只能被视为对震颤存在的反应。认知障碍是一种可在老年人中发生的伴随病理，这是该疾病更频繁发作的原因。但这真的是这样吗?通过对文献资料的研究，确定特发性震颤患者中是否存在这类可归因于“非运动性”症状的体征。材料和方法。为了研究文献数据，在Web of Science, PubMed数据库中进行了搜索。在检索过程中，对2000年以来发表的所有文章进行了检查，并将以下术语与“特发性震颤”结合使用:“非运动症状”、“焦虑”、“抑郁”、“冷漠”、“认知障碍”、“睡眠障碍”、“听力障碍”、“睡眠不足”。主要搜索词是基于特发性震颤患者研究的研究:荟萃分析、原始研究、回顾性研究和队列研究。结果和讨论。可以明确地说，特发性震颤患者的症状包括焦虑、抑郁、冷漠、认知、听觉和嗅觉功能障碍。前三种表现归因于对震颤的反应。认知功能，听觉和嗅觉功能障碍被认为是一种伴随的病理，这在老年人中很常见，这导致了更频繁的疾病发作。但在现实中，一切都不是那么简单。近20年来开始出现的文献资料表明，上述临床表现很可能被视为特发性震颤的“非运动性”症状。结论。目前，特发性震颤的鉴别诊断问题日益成为神经科医生面临的难题。尽管本病的诊断非常简单明了，但近年来越来越多的数据支持特发性震颤是一种异质性疾病，不仅表现为震颤。但这也是一种疾病，由于其病理生理的异质性，在临床表现上也会有很大的差异。关键词:特发性震颤，非运动症状，焦虑，抑郁，认知障碍，痴呆。
{"title":"Essential tremor not just a tremor (review)","authors":"G. Shiderova, A. Karimova, G. Kaishibayeva, G. Amrayeva","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-39-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-39-43","url":null,"abstract":"Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders. The nature of this disease is not fully understood. It was believed that this pathology manifests itself only by tremor, and symptoms such as depression, anxiety and apathy in patients with essential tremor can only be regarded as a reaction to the presence of tremor. Cognitive impairment is a concomitant pathology that can occur in the elderly, which accounts for a more frequent onset of the disease. But is it really so Purpose of the study. To study the literature data to identify the presence in patients with essential tremor of such signs that can be attributed to the group of \"non-motor\" symptoms. Material and methods. In order to study the literature data, a search was carried out in the Web of Science, PubMed databases. During the search, all articles published since 2000 were examined and the following terms were used in combination with \"essential tremor\": \"non-motor symptoms\", \"anxiety\", \"depression\", \"apathy\", \"cognitive impairment\", \"sleep disorders\", \"hearing impairment\", \"hyposmia\". The main search terms were studies based on the study of patients with essential tremor: meta-analyzes, original studies, retrospective and cohort studies. Results and discussion. It can be unambiguously argued that symptoms such as anxiety, depression, apathy and cognitive, hearing and smell dysfunctions are characterised to the patients with essential tremor. The first three manifestations were attributed to the response to the presence of tremor. And cognitive functions, hearing and smell dysfunctions was considered a concomitant pathology, which occurs quite often in old age, which accounts for a more frequent onset of the disease. But in reality, everything is not so simple. The literature data, which began to appear over the past 20 years, make it clear that the previously mentioned clinical manifestations may well be regarded as \"non-motor\" symptoms of essential tremor. Conclusion. Nowadays neurologists are increasingly faced with the problem of differential diagnosis of essential tremor. Despite the fact that everything was very simple and clear on the diagnosis of this disease, in recent years more and more data have appeared in favor of the fact that essential tremor is a heterogeneous disease that manifests not only by tremor. But this is also a disease, which, due to its heterogeneity of pathophysiology, can give great variability in the clinical picture. Keywords: essential tremor, nonmotor symptoms, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairnment, dementia.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88410725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-2-14
Gulmira Alipova, Anna Bazarova, Nazira Bazarova, Rimma Bazarbekova, Gulnara Bedelbaeva, I. Guseva, Gulnara Junusbekova, Ainur Dossanova, Gulnar Jussupova, Murat Mukarov, Akmaral Nurbekova, Tatiana Oylarova, Zhannat Taubaldieva, S. Tereshchenko, Meyramgul Tundybaeva
The article presents the results of the DAPA-HF study - evaluating the efficacy of dapagliflozin, used at a dose of 10 mg once a day, in addition to the standard treatment for patients with chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, compared to placebo. An analysis of current clinical recommendations related to this issue was carried out, the results of recent clinical studies and metaanalyses conducted were highlighted. Based on the results of the study, the need is postulated to optimize drug therapy of this category to patients with persistent symptoms of heart failure, despite standard therapy, with the addition of dapagliflozin to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalizations for heart failure, improve the course of the disease. Keywords: chronic heart failure, dapagliflozin, low ejection fraction, effects of type 2 sodium-glucose co transporter inhibitors, diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Клиническое значение результатов исследования DAPA HF (Dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse-outcomes in heart failure) для пациентов и врачей. Консенсус совета Экспертов","authors":"Gulmira Alipova, Anna Bazarova, Nazira Bazarova, Rimma Bazarbekova, Gulnara Bedelbaeva, I. Guseva, Gulnara Junusbekova, Ainur Dossanova, Gulnar Jussupova, Murat Mukarov, Akmaral Nurbekova, Tatiana Oylarova, Zhannat Taubaldieva, S. Tereshchenko, Meyramgul Tundybaeva","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-2-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-2-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the DAPA-HF study - evaluating the efficacy of dapagliflozin, used at a dose of 10 mg once a day, in addition to the standard treatment for patients with chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, compared to placebo. An analysis of current clinical recommendations related to this issue was carried out, the results of recent clinical studies and metaanalyses conducted were highlighted. Based on the results of the study, the need is postulated to optimize drug therapy of this category to patients with persistent symptoms of heart failure, despite standard therapy, with the addition of dapagliflozin to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalizations for heart failure, improve the course of the disease. Keywords: chronic heart failure, dapagliflozin, low ejection fraction, effects of type 2 sodium-glucose co transporter inhibitors, diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90931066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-15-21
Aigerim Balykbayeva, Dina Bakrayeva, G. Ospanova, Yekaterina Talipova, Zhansaya Kuzhabekova, Assel Seikazykysy, K. Sarbasova, N. Ahmetova, Madina Zhaksybek, Z. Idrissova
Tuberous sclerosis (Pringle-Burneville disease) is a polysystemic genetic disease and occurs in the population with a frequency of 1:50000. Objective of the study. To study neuropsychic status and dynamics of tuberous sclerosis development in children. Material and Methods. Have been examined 33 children aged from 1 to 14 years, who were observed in the neurological pediatric department of the University Clinic ("Aksay") of Asfendiyarov KazNMU. All children had apigmented spots and coffee-milk stains on the torso and extremities, not protruding above the skin level. All children showed characteristic neuroimaging changes in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) - areas of dyshinesia cortically and subcortically, i.e. tubercles. As well as changes in internal organs (hamartoma variants). All children underwent a complete laboratory examination (general blood count, standard biochemical parameters), electroencephalography of the brain (EEG), as well as ultrasound examination of internal organs. Results and conclusions. As a result of our study, it was revealed that the main symptom confirming the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis is the presence of tubers (95-100% of patients). Moreover, there is a topographical relationship between tubers detected during MRI examination and the presence of foci on the EEG. Thus, a particular manifestation of the disease in patients is symptomatic epilepsy with onset in the first months of life (96% of patients). Keywords: tuberous sclerosis, epilepsy, children, hamartomas, pigmented spots, cortical dysgenesis, tubers.
{"title":"Neurological manifestations of tuberous sclerosis in children (own observations)","authors":"Aigerim Balykbayeva, Dina Bakrayeva, G. Ospanova, Yekaterina Talipova, Zhansaya Kuzhabekova, Assel Seikazykysy, K. Sarbasova, N. Ahmetova, Madina Zhaksybek, Z. Idrissova","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-15-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-15-21","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberous sclerosis (Pringle-Burneville disease) is a polysystemic genetic disease and occurs in the population with a frequency of 1:50000. Objective of the study. To study neuropsychic status and dynamics of tuberous sclerosis development in children. Material and Methods. Have been examined 33 children aged from 1 to 14 years, who were observed in the neurological pediatric department of the University Clinic (\"Aksay\") of Asfendiyarov KazNMU. All children had apigmented spots and coffee-milk stains on the torso and extremities, not protruding above the skin level. All children showed characteristic neuroimaging changes in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) - areas of dyshinesia cortically and subcortically, i.e. tubercles. As well as changes in internal organs (hamartoma variants). All children underwent a complete laboratory examination (general blood count, standard biochemical parameters), electroencephalography of the brain (EEG), as well as ultrasound examination of internal organs. Results and conclusions. As a result of our study, it was revealed that the main symptom confirming the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis is the presence of tubers (95-100% of patients). Moreover, there is a topographical relationship between tubers detected during MRI examination and the presence of foci on the EEG. Thus, a particular manifestation of the disease in patients is symptomatic epilepsy with onset in the first months of life (96% of patients). Keywords: tuberous sclerosis, epilepsy, children, hamartomas, pigmented spots, cortical dysgenesis, tubers.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89949851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-28-33
R. Ibragimova, Аssilbek Yessirkepov, Gulbanu Dosberdiyeva, Кuralay Zhumabayeva
Diseases of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occur in 20-76% of the population, of which up to 70-89% are functional joint disorders. In children and adolescents, TMJ dysfunction occurs in 14-20%. Among the variety of pathogenetic factors in the development of this pathology, the most important are: stress, psychological disorders, imbalance in the tone of the masticatory muscles, occlusive disharmony. Purpose of the study. To study the prevalence of symptoms of TMJ dysfunction, including prenosological, in children and adolescents living in orphanages. Material and research methods. The frequency of occurrence of symptoms of functional disorders of the TMJ, including prenosological, was studied in 331 children and adolescents living in orphanages. The comparison group consisted of 218 students of secondary school No. 30 in the city of Almaty. Results and discussion. These symptoms were found in 32.62% of children and adolescents living in orphanages in the city of Almaty, and in 35.32% of practically healthy individuals, and their frequency increased with age. More common in girls. In different combinations there were revealed the dislocation of the middle inter-incisive line, pain on palpation of the masseter muscles, joint noise, malopening mouth. Dentofacial anomalies were more often observed in children and adolescents with certain symptoms of functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint. Keywords: temporomandibular joint malfunction, children and adolescents living in orphanages.
{"title":"Frequency of symptoms of temporominal joint dysfunction in children and adolescents in orphanages","authors":"R. Ibragimova, Аssilbek Yessirkepov, Gulbanu Dosberdiyeva, Кuralay Zhumabayeva","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-28-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-28-33","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occur in 20-76% of the population, of which up to 70-89% are functional joint disorders. In children and adolescents, TMJ dysfunction occurs in 14-20%. Among the variety of pathogenetic factors in the development of this pathology, the most important are: stress, psychological disorders, imbalance in the tone of the masticatory muscles, occlusive disharmony. Purpose of the study. To study the prevalence of symptoms of TMJ dysfunction, including prenosological, in children and adolescents living in orphanages. Material and research methods. The frequency of occurrence of symptoms of functional disorders of the TMJ, including prenosological, was studied in 331 children and adolescents living in orphanages. The comparison group consisted of 218 students of secondary school No. 30 in the city of Almaty. Results and discussion. These symptoms were found in 32.62% of children and adolescents living in orphanages in the city of Almaty, and in 35.32% of practically healthy individuals, and their frequency increased with age. More common in girls. In different combinations there were revealed the dislocation of the middle inter-incisive line, pain on palpation of the masseter muscles, joint noise, malopening mouth. Dentofacial anomalies were more often observed in children and adolescents with certain symptoms of functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint. Keywords: temporomandibular joint malfunction, children and adolescents living in orphanages.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78192651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-34-38
B. Abishev
The conception of probable alimentary chromium role in connection with metabolic reasons emergence of insulin resistance in the alimentary obesity and type 2 diabetes is represented. The violation of insulin receptors structural organization and conformation with these pathological conditions in connection with redox states of chromium is supposed. Based on information from general chemistry and chromium metabolism, higher biological activity of hexavalent chromium when compared to the activity of trivalent chromium is assumed in insulin-resistant conditions. Aim. To analyze the literature data on the a supposed participation of chromium in food and chromium nutraceuticals in connection with insulin resistance at the metabolic level. Material and methods. The analysis of the literature was carried out by the method of manual search and selection of the most important and significant for the analyzed issue monographs and articles up to 60 years in depth. The search criteria were works directly related to the association of food chromium with the insulin-dependent metabolic response of cells and the activity of insulin receptors. No works published over the past 10 years that introduce principled novelty and are of principled importance for the present problem have not been identified. Results and discussion. The concept of the supposed participation of chromium as an essential element in connection with the metabolic reasons for the formation of insulin resistance and the structural organization of insulin receptors depending on the redox state of chromium is presented. Keywords: hexavalent and trivalent chromium, insulin resistance, redox state, insulin receptor, alimentary obesity, diabetes.
{"title":"The conception of the probable role of the biological active chromium in the emergence of insulin resistance and alimentary obesity","authors":"B. Abishev","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-34-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-34-38","url":null,"abstract":"The conception of probable alimentary chromium role in connection with metabolic reasons emergence of insulin resistance in the alimentary obesity and type 2 diabetes is represented. The violation of insulin receptors structural organization and conformation with these pathological conditions in connection with redox states of chromium is supposed. Based on information from general chemistry and chromium metabolism, higher biological activity of hexavalent chromium when compared to the activity of trivalent chromium is assumed in insulin-resistant conditions. Aim. To analyze the literature data on the a supposed participation of chromium in food and chromium nutraceuticals in connection with insulin resistance at the metabolic level. Material and methods. The analysis of the literature was carried out by the method of manual search and selection of the most important and significant for the analyzed issue monographs and articles up to 60 years in depth. The search criteria were works directly related to the association of food chromium with the insulin-dependent metabolic response of cells and the activity of insulin receptors. No works published over the past 10 years that introduce principled novelty and are of principled importance for the present problem have not been identified. Results and discussion. The concept of the supposed participation of chromium as an essential element in connection with the metabolic reasons for the formation of insulin resistance and the structural organization of insulin receptors depending on the redox state of chromium is presented. Keywords: hexavalent and trivalent chromium, insulin resistance, redox state, insulin receptor, alimentary obesity, diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73757700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-22-27
A. Bigaliev, Clara Shalabayeva, A. Zamuraeva, K. Zhumabayeva, L. Adilova
Technogenic radioactive contamination of the external environment has a radiation effect on flora and fauna, including humans. Radionuclides entering the biosphere become a source of external, contact and internal radiation in a variety of combinations. The electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry is a technique that allows a retrospective assessment of an individual dose to be made. Purpose of the study. Assessment of the long-term consequences of the impact of radiation contamination of the territories adjacent to the landfill on the health of the population using biotesting methods. Material and methods. A reconnaissance and radioecological survey of environmental objects was carried out using analytical methods, which made it possible to determine the quantitative content of toxic components, priority pollutants and radioactive isotopes. The objects of study are the Bokeyordinsky and Zhanibeksky districts of the West Kazakhstan region (WKR), adjacent to the Kapustin Yar test site. The values of the volumetric activity of natural and technogenic radionuclides in soil samples, drinking water and biosubstrates (teeth, samples of human peripheral blood) from settlements of the surveyed areas were studied. Results and discussion. Measurements of gamma radiation showed that along the perimeter of the polygon and in nearby settlements, the radiation level is in the range of 0.06–0.14 µSv/h. An insignificant excess of the level of radioactivity persists near the fall of missiles in the Bokeyordin region. The indicators of the general morbidity of the adult population of maternal and child mortality in the indicated regions were also studied. It was found in the inhabitants of the Bokeyordinsky district with a reliability of p = 95% in the studied teeth, betta and gamma activity is less than the natural level and indicates that the content of radionuclides in the studied teeth is not higher than their natural level. A noticeable excess of the activity of radionuclides K40 and Ra226 is noted among residents of Zhanibeksky district. Conclusions. In the surveyed districts of the region, there is an unsatisfactory state of health of children and women, especially of fertile age, a high level of primary morbidity, maternal mortality; there is a tendency for the growth of eco-dependent human diseases (previously unrecorded forms of oncological diseases, congenital malformations, diseases of the hematopoietic and nervous systems). The conclusions can be used to implement measures to improve the ecological state of the region and the health of the population. Keywords: radionuclides, radioactivity, biosubstrate, polygon, ecology, eco-dependent diseases.
{"title":"Human teeth enamel as a test for assessing the consequences of radiation pollution of the environment","authors":"A. Bigaliev, Clara Shalabayeva, A. Zamuraeva, K. Zhumabayeva, L. Adilova","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-22-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2021-223-1-22-27","url":null,"abstract":"Technogenic radioactive contamination of the external environment has a radiation effect on flora and fauna, including humans. Radionuclides entering the biosphere become a source of external, contact and internal radiation in a variety of combinations. The electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry is a technique that allows a retrospective assessment of an individual dose to be made. Purpose of the study. Assessment of the long-term consequences of the impact of radiation contamination of the territories adjacent to the landfill on the health of the population using biotesting methods. Material and methods. A reconnaissance and radioecological survey of environmental objects was carried out using analytical methods, which made it possible to determine the quantitative content of toxic components, priority pollutants and radioactive isotopes. The objects of study are the Bokeyordinsky and Zhanibeksky districts of the West Kazakhstan region (WKR), adjacent to the Kapustin Yar test site. The values of the volumetric activity of natural and technogenic radionuclides in soil samples, drinking water and biosubstrates (teeth, samples of human peripheral blood) from settlements of the surveyed areas were studied. Results and discussion. Measurements of gamma radiation showed that along the perimeter of the polygon and in nearby settlements, the radiation level is in the range of 0.06–0.14 µSv/h. An insignificant excess of the level of radioactivity persists near the fall of missiles in the Bokeyordin region. The indicators of the general morbidity of the adult population of maternal and child mortality in the indicated regions were also studied. It was found in the inhabitants of the Bokeyordinsky district with a reliability of p = 95% in the studied teeth, betta and gamma activity is less than the natural level and indicates that the content of radionuclides in the studied teeth is not higher than their natural level. A noticeable excess of the activity of radionuclides K40 and Ra226 is noted among residents of Zhanibeksky district. Conclusions. In the surveyed districts of the region, there is an unsatisfactory state of health of children and women, especially of fertile age, a high level of primary morbidity, maternal mortality; there is a tendency for the growth of eco-dependent human diseases (previously unrecorded forms of oncological diseases, congenital malformations, diseases of the hematopoietic and nervous systems). The conclusions can be used to implement measures to improve the ecological state of the region and the health of the population. Keywords: radionuclides, radioactivity, biosubstrate, polygon, ecology, eco-dependent diseases.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"37 23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82757286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-30DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-2-7
Moldir Yerlankyzy, S. Sakhanov, D. Turebayev, D. Kulmirzayeva, S. Urazova, Akmaral Amanshayeva, Z. Bilyalova, N. Igissinov
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most wide spread malignant tumor of the endocrine glands. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, more than 586,200 new cases of TC were registered in the world in 2020. However spatial arrangement of this disease indicates a different distribution of this pathology all over the world. The aim to assess the peculiarities of the incidence of TC in Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The study was retrospective – the study period was 10 years (2009-2018). The material for the study was data of new cases of TC. In the research were used descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. Results and discussion. We found out that the average age of patients with TC in women (51.8±0.2 years) were less than in men (53.2±0.5 years). The crude rate and standardized incidence rates in women (5.4±0.40/0000 and 5.1±0.370/0000, respectively) were higher than in men (0.9±0.10/0000 and 1.1±0.10/0000, respectively). Age-related indicators of the incidence of TC were characterized by a peak in 60-69 years – 4.21±0.200/0000 in men and 15.37±1.210/0000 in women. Trends in morbidity tended to increase in both women (Tg=+7.8%) and men (Tg=+5.0%). Conclusion: Age and gender features of TC incidence were established in the whole country. The obtained data are recommended for use in planning anti-cancer activities. Key words: thyroid cancer, incidence, Kazakhstan.
甲状腺癌(TC)是最广泛传播的内分泌腺恶性肿瘤。根据国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer)的数据，2020年全球新登记的TC病例超过58.62万例。然而，这种疾病的空间分布表明了这种病理在世界各地的不同分布。目的是评估哈萨克斯坦TC发病率的特殊性。材料和方法。该研究是回顾性的，研究期为10年(2009-2018)。本研究的资料为新发TC病例的资料。本研究采用了肿瘤流行病学的描述和分析方法。结果和讨论。我们发现女性TC患者的平均年龄(51.8±0.2岁)小于男性(53.2±0.5岁)。女性的粗发病率和标准化发病率(分别为5.4±0.40/0000和5.1±0.370/0000)高于男性(分别为0.9±0.10/0000和1.1±0.10/0000)。TC发病率的年龄相关指标以60 ~ 69岁为高峰，男性为4.21±0.200/0000，女性为15.37±1.210/0000。女性(Tg=+7.8%)和男性(Tg=+5.0%)的发病率趋势均有增加。结论:建立了全国TC发病的年龄、性别特征。所获得的数据建议用于规划抗癌活动。关键词:甲状腺癌，发病率，哈萨克斯坦。
{"title":"Assessment Of Thyroid Cancer Incidence In Kazakhstan","authors":"Moldir Yerlankyzy, S. Sakhanov, D. Turebayev, D. Kulmirzayeva, S. Urazova, Akmaral Amanshayeva, Z. Bilyalova, N. Igissinov","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-2-7","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most wide spread malignant tumor of the endocrine glands. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, more than 586,200 new cases of TC were registered in the world in 2020. However spatial arrangement of this disease indicates a different distribution of this pathology all over the world. The aim to assess the peculiarities of the incidence of TC in Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The study was retrospective – the study period was 10 years (2009-2018). The material for the study was data of new cases of TC. In the research were used descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. Results and discussion. We found out that the average age of patients with TC in women (51.8±0.2 years) were less than in men (53.2±0.5 years). The crude rate and standardized incidence rates in women (5.4±0.40/0000 and 5.1±0.370/0000, respectively) were higher than in men (0.9±0.10/0000 and 1.1±0.10/0000, respectively). Age-related indicators of the incidence of TC were characterized by a peak in 60-69 years – 4.21±0.200/0000 in men and 15.37±1.210/0000 in women. Trends in morbidity tended to increase in both women (Tg=+7.8%) and men (Tg=+5.0%). Conclusion: Age and gender features of TC incidence were established in the whole country. The obtained data are recommended for use in planning anti-cancer activities. Key words: thyroid cancer, incidence, Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80886163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-30DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-43-48
Altynay Balmukhanova, K. Kabulbayev, Assiya Kanatbayeva
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a complex medical and social problem in healthcare. One of the serious complications is mineral bone disorder (MBD), the pathogenesis of which is related to a new biomarker of bone origin - fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23). The aim. To study the features of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in children with chronic kidney disease. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 73 children with CKD and 14 healthy children. Inclusion criteria: chronic kidney disease stage 1-5, written informed consent of the participants. The exclusion criteria: tubulopathy, infectious and inflammatory processes, oncological diseases, kidney transplant, condition after surgery, taking glucocorticosteroids, calcium and vitamin D drugs. We took fasting blood samples of participants and carried out an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in order determine the level of FGF-23 (Biomedica Medizinprodukte GmbH, Austria). The obtained data were analyzed using IBM SPSS, version 22 (New York, USA). Results and discussion. In healthy children, the median (Q1-Q3) level of FGF-23 in serum was 0.65 (0.22-0.98) pmol/l, in patients with stage 1 CKD it was 0.65 (0.22-1.08) pmol/l. At stage 2, the level of FGF-23 significantly increased in comparison with healthy individuals and with patients of stage 1, p≤0.05. Further, there is a gradual increase by stages, p≤0.05. Thus, in stage 3 patients, the median FGF-23 value was 1.9 (1.15-3.5) pmol/l, at stage 4 - 3.55 (2.48-6.35) pmol/l, at 5 stages - 14 (7.5-18.75) pmol/l. As a percentage, there were 7.1% of patients at the stage 1 with increased levels of phosphatonin, at stage 2 - 53.3%, at stage 3 - 69.2%, respectively. At stages 4 and 5, absolutely 100% of patients had high levels of FGF-23. At the same time, FGF-23 did not depend on gender, age, birth weight and type of renal replacement therapy at stage 5, p>0.05. Conclusions. Thus, in our study, we determined the features of changes FGF-23 in serum in children at various stages of CKD. The obtained results allow us to consider FGF-23 as a predictor of the clinical course of CKD. Keywords: fibroblast growth factor 23, phosphatonin, pediatric nephrology, chronic kidney disease, mineral-bone disorder.
儿童慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)是一个复杂的医学和社会问题。其中一个严重的并发症是矿物质骨障碍(MBD)，其发病机制与骨来源的一种新的生物标志物-成纤维细胞生长因子23 (FGF-23)有关。的目标。目的:探讨慢性肾病患儿成纤维细胞生长因子23 (FGF-23)的特征。材料和方法。对73例CKD患儿和14例健康患儿进行了横断面研究。纳入标准:慢性肾脏疾病1-5期，受试者书面知情同意。排除标准:小管病变、感染和炎症过程、肿瘤疾病、肾移植、术后状况、服用糖皮质激素、钙和维生素D药物。我们采集了参与者的空腹血液样本，并进行了酶联免疫吸附测定，以确定FGF-23的水平(奥地利生物医学medizinproduckte GmbH)。使用IBM SPSS, version 22 (New York, USA)对所得数据进行分析。结果和讨论。在健康儿童中，血清中FGF-23的中位(Q1-Q3)水平为0.65 (0.22-0.98)pmol/l，在1期CKD患者中为0.65 (0.22-1.08)pmol/l。在2期时，FGF-23水平与健康个体和1期患者相比显著升高，p≤0.05。且各阶段逐渐升高，p≤0.05。因此，在3期患者中，FGF-23的中位值为1.9 (1.15-3.5)pmol/l, 4期为3.55 (2.48-6.35)pmol/l, 5期为14 (7.5-18.75)pmol/l。作为一个百分比，有7.1%的患者在1期出现磷酸化蛋白水平升高，在2期- 53.3%，在3期- 69.2%。在第4期和第5期，100%的患者都有高水平的FGF-23。同时，FGF-23不依赖于性别、年龄、出生体重和第5期肾脏替代治疗类型，p < 0.05。结论。因此，在我们的研究中，我们确定了CKD不同阶段儿童血清中FGF-23的变化特征。获得的结果允许我们考虑FGF-23作为CKD临床病程的预测因子。关键词:成纤维细胞生长因子23，磷酸腺苷，儿童肾病学，慢性肾病，矿物质骨紊乱。
{"title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and chronic kidney disease in children","authors":"Altynay Balmukhanova, K. Kabulbayev, Assiya Kanatbayeva","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-43-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-43-48","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a complex medical and social problem in healthcare. One of the serious complications is mineral bone disorder (MBD), the pathogenesis of which is related to a new biomarker of bone origin - fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23). The aim. To study the features of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in children with chronic kidney disease. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 73 children with CKD and 14 healthy children. Inclusion criteria: chronic kidney disease stage 1-5, written informed consent of the participants. The exclusion criteria: tubulopathy, infectious and inflammatory processes, oncological diseases, kidney transplant, condition after surgery, taking glucocorticosteroids, calcium and vitamin D drugs. We took fasting blood samples of participants and carried out an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in order determine the level of FGF-23 (Biomedica Medizinprodukte GmbH, Austria). The obtained data were analyzed using IBM SPSS, version 22 (New York, USA). Results and discussion. In healthy children, the median (Q1-Q3) level of FGF-23 in serum was 0.65 (0.22-0.98) pmol/l, in patients with stage 1 CKD it was 0.65 (0.22-1.08) pmol/l. At stage 2, the level of FGF-23 significantly increased in comparison with healthy individuals and with patients of stage 1, p≤0.05. Further, there is a gradual increase by stages, p≤0.05. Thus, in stage 3 patients, the median FGF-23 value was 1.9 (1.15-3.5) pmol/l, at stage 4 - 3.55 (2.48-6.35) pmol/l, at 5 stages - 14 (7.5-18.75) pmol/l. As a percentage, there were 7.1% of patients at the stage 1 with increased levels of phosphatonin, at stage 2 - 53.3%, at stage 3 - 69.2%, respectively. At stages 4 and 5, absolutely 100% of patients had high levels of FGF-23. At the same time, FGF-23 did not depend on gender, age, birth weight and type of renal replacement therapy at stage 5, p>0.05. Conclusions. Thus, in our study, we determined the features of changes FGF-23 in serum in children at various stages of CKD. The obtained results allow us to consider FGF-23 as a predictor of the clinical course of CKD. Keywords: fibroblast growth factor 23, phosphatonin, pediatric nephrology, chronic kidney disease, mineral-bone disorder.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86709004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-30DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-22-26
S. Sakhanov, Dulat Turebaev, Dariyana Kulmirzaeva, S. Urazova, Akmaral Amanshayeva, Z. Bilyalova, S. Kozhakhmetov, N. Igissinov
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing incidence worldwide and widespread in industrialized countries, while the incidence is also increasing in Asia and the Middle East. Purpose of the study. To study the epidemiological aspects of the incidence of CD in Kazakhstan. Material and methods. The study for 2013-2018, analyzed the registration and reporting forms of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan on new cases of CD (ICD: K50) using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics. Results. During the study period, 4,671 new cases of CD were registered in Kazakhstan, of which 341 (7.9%) in children under 15 years old, 84 (2.0%) in adolescents (15-17 years old) and adults (18 years old and older) – 4,226 cases (90.9%). The incidence of CD in Kazakhstan was 4.5 per 100,000 of the total population, while in children – 1.210/0000 (95% CI=1.09-1.32), in adolescents – 2.120/0000 (95% CI=1.47-2.77) and the adult population – 5.860/0000 (95% CI=3.20-8.53). The trends in the CD incidence as a whole in the entire population had a pronounced tendency to decrease (Тde=−30.3%), a slight increase was observed only in the child population (Тin=+1.1%), and in other studied groups they decreased: in adolescents – Тde=−11.9% and in the adult population – Тde=−33.8%. Conclusion. The study has revealed some aspects of incidence in different age groups and the established trends require further study of this pathology. Keywords: Crohn's disease, incidence, trends, Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Crohn's disease in Kazakhstan: epidemiological aspects of incidence","authors":"S. Sakhanov, Dulat Turebaev, Dariyana Kulmirzaeva, S. Urazova, Akmaral Amanshayeva, Z. Bilyalova, S. Kozhakhmetov, N. Igissinov","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-22-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-22-26","url":null,"abstract":"Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing incidence worldwide and widespread in industrialized countries, while the incidence is also increasing in Asia and the Middle East. Purpose of the study. To study the epidemiological aspects of the incidence of CD in Kazakhstan. Material and methods. The study for 2013-2018, analyzed the registration and reporting forms of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan on new cases of CD (ICD: K50) using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics. Results. During the study period, 4,671 new cases of CD were registered in Kazakhstan, of which 341 (7.9%) in children under 15 years old, 84 (2.0%) in adolescents (15-17 years old) and adults (18 years old and older) – 4,226 cases (90.9%). The incidence of CD in Kazakhstan was 4.5 per 100,000 of the total population, while in children – 1.210/0000 (95% CI=1.09-1.32), in adolescents – 2.120/0000 (95% CI=1.47-2.77) and the adult population – 5.860/0000 (95% CI=3.20-8.53). The trends in the CD incidence as a whole in the entire population had a pronounced tendency to decrease (Тde=−30.3%), a slight increase was observed only in the child population (Тin=+1.1%), and in other studied groups they decreased: in adolescents – Тde=−11.9% and in the adult population – Тde=−33.8%. Conclusion. The study has revealed some aspects of incidence in different age groups and the established trends require further study of this pathology. Keywords: Crohn's disease, incidence, trends, Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88001685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-30DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-49-52
G. Zhunis, V. Kemaykin, J. Saparbay
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a disease that was originally described in 1997 as a distinct subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is more common in patients with HIV infection. It is characterized by extranodal lesions, the most common of which are the oral cavity, digestive tract, and skin3. No generally accepted chemotherapy protocol for the treatment of HIV-associated PBL has been developed. Early consolidation through autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) may be a treatment option for advanced patients with concurrent use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Disease history. Patient B., 44 years old, with HIV-associated PBL-IV-stage according to AnnArbor with lesions of the alveolar process of the upper jaw, lymph nodes of the neck on the left, bronchopulmonary lymph nodes, and the lower lobe of the right lung, who after 6 courses of chemotherapy according to the standard CHOP regimen, autotransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells was performed in the first remission. Conclusion. Our clinical experience correlates with the few studies on this issue. The patient received stem cell-supported high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and his life expectancy is 36 months. Keywords: plasmablastic lymphoma, HIV-associated lymphomas, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
{"title":"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: a case report","authors":"G. Zhunis, V. Kemaykin, J. Saparbay","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-49-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-221-222-11-12-49-52","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a disease that was originally described in 1997 as a distinct subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is more common in patients with HIV infection. It is characterized by extranodal lesions, the most common of which are the oral cavity, digestive tract, and skin3. No generally accepted chemotherapy protocol for the treatment of HIV-associated PBL has been developed. Early consolidation through autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) may be a treatment option for advanced patients with concurrent use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Disease history. Patient B., 44 years old, with HIV-associated PBL-IV-stage according to AnnArbor with lesions of the alveolar process of the upper jaw, lymph nodes of the neck on the left, bronchopulmonary lymph nodes, and the lower lobe of the right lung, who after 6 courses of chemotherapy according to the standard CHOP regimen, autotransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells was performed in the first remission. Conclusion. Our clinical experience correlates with the few studies on this issue. The patient received stem cell-supported high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and his life expectancy is 36 months. Keywords: plasmablastic lymphoma, HIV-associated lymphomas, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85093826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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