Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-219-2220-9-10-23-27
G. Nurgalieva, S. Shuratova, G. Zakiryanova, N. Belyaev
NK cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, using their cytotoxic mechanisms that promote the initiation, progression, and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques that leads to acute myocardial infarction. However the data about their cytolytic activity in post-infarction period remain controversial. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of changes in the NK cell cytolytic activity within three weeks after acute myocardial infarction in connection with the level of circulating immune complexes in the peripheral blood. Material and methods. 16 healthy donors and 35 patients after the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the 1st, 7th and 21st days was studied for the NK cell cytolytic activity of the mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood, evaluated by the cytolysis of erythroleukemia K-562 cells in vitro and levels of serum circulating immune complexes (CIC) using the method of precipitation with polyethylene glycol-6000. Results and discussion. In the most patients, AMI led to functional anergy of NK cells, but in the smaller part of patients, the increase in their cytotoxicity was observed. The post-infarction period was characterized by an increased content of CIC, the level of which positively correlated with the development of functional anergy of NK cells. Possible mechanisms for the development of both functional anergy and an increase in NK cell activity in the post-infarction period are discussed. Keywords: аcute myocardial infarction, NK cells, circulating immune complexes.
{"title":"Dynamics of the NK cell cytolytic activity in acute myocardial infarction: the role of circulating immune complexes","authors":"G. Nurgalieva, S. Shuratova, G. Zakiryanova, N. Belyaev","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-219-2220-9-10-23-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-219-2220-9-10-23-27","url":null,"abstract":"NK cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, using their cytotoxic mechanisms that promote the initiation, progression, and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques that leads to acute myocardial infarction. However the data about their cytolytic activity in post-infarction period remain controversial. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of changes in the NK cell cytolytic activity within three weeks after acute myocardial infarction in connection with the level of circulating immune complexes in the peripheral blood. Material and methods. 16 healthy donors and 35 patients after the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the 1st, 7th and 21st days was studied for the NK cell cytolytic activity of the mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood, evaluated by the cytolysis of erythroleukemia K-562 cells in vitro and levels of serum circulating immune complexes (CIC) using the method of precipitation with polyethylene glycol-6000. Results and discussion. In the most patients, AMI led to functional anergy of NK cells, but in the smaller part of patients, the increase in their cytotoxicity was observed. The post-infarction period was characterized by an increased content of CIC, the level of which positively correlated with the development of functional anergy of NK cells. Possible mechanisms for the development of both functional anergy and an increase in NK cell activity in the post-infarction period are discussed. Keywords: аcute myocardial infarction, NK cells, circulating immune complexes.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77517962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-219-220-9-10-52-58
M. Dmitriyeva, M. Toleubayev, S. Kozhakhmetov, N. Igissinov, Dulat Turebayev, K. Adaibayev, Ardak Omarbekov
Erythropoietin is the main stimulator of erythropoiesis, but erythropoietin also has non-hematopoietic effects. The recent data show the positive effects of erythropoietin on tissue regeneration. This review highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms of erythropoietin at different stages of tissue regeneration, and possible clinical applications in wound healing. Aim. Study of the world experience of using erythropoietin for the treatment of experimental wounds and the experience of clinical use for the treatment of patients with chronic wounds. Material and methods. The literature was searched in the databases: Pubmed, EMBASE and Google Scholar using the keywords: "Erythropoietin", "EPO", "wounds", "wound treatment", "VEGF", "re-epithelialization", "skin". The search depth was 20 years. When compiling a search strategy, the use of the title of articles, abstracts, as well as conference materials in English, Russian, Kazakh languages was used. Experimental original articles, narrative reviews were included in this review. Results and discussion. To date, there is a sufficient amount of experimental data confirming the effectiveness of EPO on the pathomorphological processes of skin wound healing, but it is still impossible to determine a single mechanism or cellular function that could be responsible for the ability of tissue regeneration mediated by EPO. Conclusion. Research into the ability of erythropoietin to improve tissue regeneration may lead to new insights into this growth hormone for its regular clinical use in patients. Key words: EPO, wound healing, VEGF, reepithelization, skin.
{"title":"Regenerative properties of recombinant human erythropoetin in wound healing","authors":"M. Dmitriyeva, M. Toleubayev, S. Kozhakhmetov, N. Igissinov, Dulat Turebayev, K. Adaibayev, Ardak Omarbekov","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-219-220-9-10-52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-219-220-9-10-52-58","url":null,"abstract":"Erythropoietin is the main stimulator of erythropoiesis, but erythropoietin also has non-hematopoietic effects. The recent data show the positive effects of erythropoietin on tissue regeneration. This review highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms of erythropoietin at different stages of tissue regeneration, and possible clinical applications in wound healing. Aim. Study of the world experience of using erythropoietin for the treatment of experimental wounds and the experience of clinical use for the treatment of patients with chronic wounds. Material and methods. The literature was searched in the databases: Pubmed, EMBASE and Google Scholar using the keywords: \"Erythropoietin\", \"EPO\", \"wounds\", \"wound treatment\", \"VEGF\", \"re-epithelialization\", \"skin\". The search depth was 20 years. When compiling a search strategy, the use of the title of articles, abstracts, as well as conference materials in English, Russian, Kazakh languages was used. Experimental original articles, narrative reviews were included in this review. Results and discussion. To date, there is a sufficient amount of experimental data confirming the effectiveness of EPO on the pathomorphological processes of skin wound healing, but it is still impossible to determine a single mechanism or cellular function that could be responsible for the ability of tissue regeneration mediated by EPO. Conclusion. Research into the ability of erythropoietin to improve tissue regeneration may lead to new insights into this growth hormone for its regular clinical use in patients. Key words: EPO, wound healing, VEGF, reepithelization, skin.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75402406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-219-2220-9-10-17-22
M. Toleubayev, M. Dmitriyeva, S. Kozhakhmetov, N. Igissinov, Talgat Omarov, Y. Nigmet
The efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is being studied in the context of wound management. The ability of EPO to stimulate cell proliferation was found, which is of great importance in the complex process of wound healing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of using EPO for wound healing in a rat model. Material and methods. We examined 24 wounds simulated in the interscapular region of a rat, which were divided into 2 groups: a group with standard treatment, a group with EPO treatment at a dosage of 400 IU/kg, s/c. Planimetry of the wound was performed at the appointed time. Also, histological examination of wound tissue samples was carried out. Results. Differences in reduction and change in wound size in the EPO group were more significant than in the standard treatment group. Conclusions. The experiment demonstrated an improvement in wound healing with EPO treatment compared with standard treatment, which led to a decrease in wound size and a shorter healing period. Keywords: erythropoietin, EPO, angiogenesis, wound treatment.
{"title":"Erythropoetin stimulates tissue repair in experimental wounds","authors":"M. Toleubayev, M. Dmitriyeva, S. Kozhakhmetov, N. Igissinov, Talgat Omarov, Y. Nigmet","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-219-2220-9-10-17-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-219-2220-9-10-17-22","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is being studied in the context of wound management. The ability of EPO to stimulate cell proliferation was found, which is of great importance in the complex process of wound healing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of using EPO for wound healing in a rat model. Material and methods. We examined 24 wounds simulated in the interscapular region of a rat, which were divided into 2 groups: a group with standard treatment, a group with EPO treatment at a dosage of 400 IU/kg, s/c. Planimetry of the wound was performed at the appointed time. Also, histological examination of wound tissue samples was carried out. Results. Differences in reduction and change in wound size in the EPO group were more significant than in the standard treatment group. Conclusions. The experiment demonstrated an improvement in wound healing with EPO treatment compared with standard treatment, which led to a decrease in wound size and a shorter healing period. Keywords: erythropoietin, EPO, angiogenesis, wound treatment.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79432276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-20-28
A. Abdirassilova, Altynai Kassenova, Altyn Rysbekova, Duman Yessimseit, B. Abdeliyev, Ziyat Abdel, M. Syzdykov, Andrey Kuznetsov, T. Yerubayev, G. Kovaleva
According to WHO, more than 0.5 million cases of brucellosis registered annually among the population of 73 countries. According to the trend of brucellosis, Kazakhstan is a hyperendemic country. Although bacteriological seeding remains the “gold standard” of laboratory diagnostics, the diagnosis of brucellosis confirmed by the results of seeding only in 15-24% of cases. The effectiveness of immunological diagnostic methods reduced due to insufficient specificity. The problem solved by the introduction of a genetic method – PCR. Aim. The main goal of the work was to improve the system of laboratory diagnostics of brucellosis, detection and identification of microorganisms of the genus Brucella. Material and methods. The used reference and vaccine strains of Brucella from the Museum's collection of live cultures of NSCEDI. The main method used was the method of molecular diagnostics – PCR. Results. Three pairs of primers were obtained flanking fragments in 428 (Br1), 329 (Br2) and 179 (Br3) base pairs. Conclusion. The developed system of primers Br1 + Br2 + Br3 based on the nucleotide sequences of the genes BCAN_B0369, BSPT1_II0384 and BruAb1_0072 makes it possible to differentiate strains to the species B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis, and the experimental series of the drug showed high specificity. Keywords: brucellosis, brucella, molecular diagnostics, PCR, primer.
{"title":"To the problem of brucellosis diagnostics: development of a primer system for multiplex PCR","authors":"A. Abdirassilova, Altynai Kassenova, Altyn Rysbekova, Duman Yessimseit, B. Abdeliyev, Ziyat Abdel, M. Syzdykov, Andrey Kuznetsov, T. Yerubayev, G. Kovaleva","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-20-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-20-28","url":null,"abstract":"According to WHO, more than 0.5 million cases of brucellosis registered annually among the population of 73 countries. According to the trend of brucellosis, Kazakhstan is a hyperendemic country. Although bacteriological seeding remains the “gold standard” of laboratory diagnostics, the diagnosis of brucellosis confirmed by the results of seeding only in 15-24% of cases. The effectiveness of immunological diagnostic methods reduced due to insufficient specificity. The problem solved by the introduction of a genetic method – PCR. Aim. The main goal of the work was to improve the system of laboratory diagnostics of brucellosis, detection and identification of microorganisms of the genus Brucella. Material and methods. The used reference and vaccine strains of Brucella from the Museum's collection of live cultures of NSCEDI. The main method used was the method of molecular diagnostics – PCR. Results. Three pairs of primers were obtained flanking fragments in 428 (Br1), 329 (Br2) and 179 (Br3) base pairs. Conclusion. The developed system of primers Br1 + Br2 + Br3 based on the nucleotide sequences of the genes BCAN_B0369, BSPT1_II0384 and BruAb1_0072 makes it possible to differentiate strains to the species B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis, and the experimental series of the drug showed high specificity. Keywords: brucellosis, brucella, molecular diagnostics, PCR, primer.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90274346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-44-52
Nurgul Kulmanova, M. Saduov
The article describes different types of sorting scales used in inpatient emergency departments in different countries. Triage scales are designed to optimize patient waiting times according to the severity of their medical condition in order to treat the most intense symptom as quickly as possible and reduce the negative impact on the prognosis of a long delay before starting treatment. The aim of the study is to analyze the literature data describing the scales for triage in the emergency department, their comparative characteristics, and assessment of their reliability and reliability. Material and methods. An online literature research was conducted in databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus, as well as on-line publications in Russian and English languages. The following terms were used to search for relevant literature sources: emergency department, triage, emergency severity index. A total of 813 literary sources were found, 37 of which were selected for further analysis. Inclusion criteria: studies performed in people, published in English, Russian, as well as full versions of articles. Exclusion criteria: summary of reports, newspaper publications, personal messages. Results and discussion. Analysis of the literature data allows us to judge a variety of approaches and systems of medical sorting of patients requiring emergency medical care, especially in cases of mass disasters and injuries. Analysis of existing sorting scales has shown that these scales are fivestep and adapted to the region and the health system, but there is no single universal scale. Conclusion. The introduction of structured triage by specially trained medical personnel in the emergency Department helps to accurately identify patients whose lives are at risk, especially during periods of insufficient treatment effectiveness. Therefore, five-level triage systems are recommended by national and international societies of emergency medicine. Keywords: triage, system triage, emergency severity index, emergency department.
本文介绍了不同国家住院急诊科使用的不同类型的分选量表。分诊量表的设计是为了根据患者病情的严重程度优化患者的等待时间，以便尽快治疗最严重的症状，并减少开始治疗前长时间延误对预后的负面影响。本研究的目的是分析描述急诊科分诊量表的文献资料，其比较特点，并评估其信度和可靠性。材料和方法。在Pubmed、Web of Science和Scopus等数据库以及俄语和英语在线出版物中进行了在线文献研究。使用以下术语搜索相关文献来源:急诊科、分诊、急症严重程度指数。共找到813个文献资料，选取其中37个作进一步分析。纳入标准:在人身上进行的研究，以英文、俄文发表，以及文章的完整版本。排除标准:报告摘要、报纸出版物、个人信息。结果和讨论。对文献数据的分析使我们能够判断各种需要紧急医疗护理的患者的医疗分类方法和系统，特别是在大规模灾害和伤害的情况下。对现有分类量表的分析表明，这些量表分为五步，并适应区域和卫生系统，但没有单一的通用量表。结论。在急诊科由受过专门训练的医务人员进行有组织的分诊，有助于准确识别有生命危险的病人，特别是在治疗效果不足的时期。因此，国家和国际急救医学协会推荐采用五级分诊系统。关键词:分诊，系统分诊，严重程度指标，急诊科。
{"title":"Triage scales, used in inpatient emergency departments (review article)","authors":"Nurgul Kulmanova, M. Saduov","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-44-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-44-52","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes different types of sorting scales used in inpatient emergency departments in different countries. Triage scales are designed to optimize patient waiting times according to the severity of their medical condition in order to treat the most intense symptom as quickly as possible and reduce the negative impact on the prognosis of a long delay before starting treatment. The aim of the study is to analyze the literature data describing the scales for triage in the emergency department, their comparative characteristics, and assessment of their reliability and reliability. Material and methods. An online literature research was conducted in databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus, as well as on-line publications in Russian and English languages. The following terms were used to search for relevant literature sources: emergency department, triage, emergency severity index. A total of 813 literary sources were found, 37 of which were selected for further analysis. Inclusion criteria: studies performed in people, published in English, Russian, as well as full versions of articles. Exclusion criteria: summary of reports, newspaper publications, personal messages. Results and discussion. Analysis of the literature data allows us to judge a variety of approaches and systems of medical sorting of patients requiring emergency medical care, especially in cases of mass disasters and injuries. Analysis of existing sorting scales has shown that these scales are fivestep and adapted to the region and the health system, but there is no single universal scale. Conclusion. The introduction of structured triage by specially trained medical personnel in the emergency Department helps to accurately identify patients whose lives are at risk, especially during periods of insufficient treatment effectiveness. Therefore, five-level triage systems are recommended by national and international societies of emergency medicine. Keywords: triage, system triage, emergency severity index, emergency department.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84578330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-8-12
M. Syzdykov, Lyudmila Byurabekova, N. Sadvakasov, Andrey Kuznetsov, T. Yerubayev, Svetlana Daulbayeva, Arman Kussainova
COVID-19 is a severe disease, which mainly affects respiratory system and causes lung failure. The disease spread dramatically over the world, including Kazakhstan. Between March 13 and September 30, 2020, a total of 107,979 laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 were registered in the republic. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 outbreaks in five localities of Beyneu and Karakiya districts of Mangistau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Mangistau region for the period from 31 May 2020 till 06 June 2020 to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of several COVID-19 outbreaks, and to assess the effectiveness of implemented intervention. Results. In the Mangistau region, in the oil production area, five outbreaks of COVID-19 were registered: two in the Beyneu region (Beyneu settlement and Borankul village), one in the Karakiyan region (Senek village) and two at the Kalamkas and Zhetibay oil fields, where there were foci with the number of cases from two to 100 cases. Discussion. The main reason for the spread of the disease was overcrowding and cross-contact between oilfield workers, which influenced the registration of outbreaks among workers in field camps. The active movement of workers between camps, the involvement of medical workers with no experience in using PPE to work at checkpoints and local hospitals, as well as the presence of a confirmed case of COVID-19 at funerals where participants did not use respiratory protection also influenced the spread of infection. Conclusions. This article describes the epidemiologic features of the outbreak series in five settlements located in the oil production zone of Mangistau region of Kazakhstan during May - June of 2020. An exponential increase in numbers of COVID-19 patients in Beyneu district appeared to be caused by exposure among the members of in canteens and dormitories for shift workers in oil-producing areas with the additional community- and hospital-transmission. Keywords: COVID-19, outbreaks, Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Series of COVID-19 outbreaks in several settlements of Mangistau Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"M. Syzdykov, Lyudmila Byurabekova, N. Sadvakasov, Andrey Kuznetsov, T. Yerubayev, Svetlana Daulbayeva, Arman Kussainova","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-8-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-8-12","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a severe disease, which mainly affects respiratory system and causes lung failure. The disease spread dramatically over the world, including Kazakhstan. Between March 13 and September 30, 2020, a total of 107,979 laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 were registered in the republic. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 outbreaks in five localities of Beyneu and Karakiya districts of Mangistau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Mangistau region for the period from 31 May 2020 till 06 June 2020 to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of several COVID-19 outbreaks, and to assess the effectiveness of implemented intervention. Results. In the Mangistau region, in the oil production area, five outbreaks of COVID-19 were registered: two in the Beyneu region (Beyneu settlement and Borankul village), one in the Karakiyan region (Senek village) and two at the Kalamkas and Zhetibay oil fields, where there were foci with the number of cases from two to 100 cases. Discussion. The main reason for the spread of the disease was overcrowding and cross-contact between oilfield workers, which influenced the registration of outbreaks among workers in field camps. The active movement of workers between camps, the involvement of medical workers with no experience in using PPE to work at checkpoints and local hospitals, as well as the presence of a confirmed case of COVID-19 at funerals where participants did not use respiratory protection also influenced the spread of infection. Conclusions. This article describes the epidemiologic features of the outbreak series in five settlements located in the oil production zone of Mangistau region of Kazakhstan during May - June of 2020. An exponential increase in numbers of COVID-19 patients in Beyneu district appeared to be caused by exposure among the members of in canteens and dormitories for shift workers in oil-producing areas with the additional community- and hospital-transmission. Keywords: COVID-19, outbreaks, Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82747743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-13-19
D. Kaidarova, G. Igissinova, S. Yessenkulova, T. Sadykova, A. Djakypbaeva
This article analyzes the role of sexually transmitted infections, which are one of the risk factors in the occurrence of cervical cancer. The directions of preventive measures regarding the prevention of cervical cancer are presented. Aim. To analyze the role of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the development of cervical cancer. Material and methods. The material used was clinical and diagnostic examinations of 180 patients on the bases of polyclinics №4, №26, «SunАrМed» Medical Center, data from the "cancer register" of the Kazakh research Institute of Oncology and radiology for 2014-2015. When contacting women, they collected complaints, history, gynecological examination, examination in mirrors, a fence from the cervix and cervical canal for oncocytological examination, an enzyme immunoassay for viral infections, as well as chlamydia, ureаplasma, trichomonosis, gardnerellosis, sexually transmitted infections. Results and discussion. The distribution by number of infections among 180 women was as follows: one infection - 42 (23.3%), two infections - 89 (49.4%), three or more infections - 49 (27.2%). From the presence of STI infections, the examined patients were diagnosed with cytomegalovirus - 63, genetic herpes - 52, ureаplasmosis - 32, chlamydia - 28, trichomoniasis - 26, candidiasis - 29, gardnerellosis - 18, papillomavirus infection - 12. During the examination, more often pseudoeroias were diagnosed - 126, cervicitis - 43, and polyps - 11. Cytological examination showed in most cases dystrophic changes in the cervical epithelium with varying degrees of damage to the layers. Dysplastic changes in Cytology smears were observed in 34 patients (18.8%), of which mild to moderate dysplasia prevailed (16%). Conclusion. Evaluating the results obtained, it can be noted that the chronic inflammatory process of the cervix affects the processes of metaplasia in ectopias (proliferation and differentiation of reserve cells) and in some cases can lead to the development of dysplasia. Keywords: cervical cancer, STI infections, papillomavirus, primary and secondary prevention.
{"title":"Issues of primary and secondary prevention: the role of sexually transmitted infections on the development of cervical cancer in Kazakhstan","authors":"D. Kaidarova, G. Igissinova, S. Yessenkulova, T. Sadykova, A. Djakypbaeva","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-13-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-13-19","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the role of sexually transmitted infections, which are one of the risk factors in the occurrence of cervical cancer. The directions of preventive measures regarding the prevention of cervical cancer are presented. Aim. To analyze the role of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the development of cervical cancer. Material and methods. The material used was clinical and diagnostic examinations of 180 patients on the bases of polyclinics №4, №26, «SunАrМed» Medical Center, data from the \"cancer register\" of the Kazakh research Institute of Oncology and radiology for 2014-2015. When contacting women, they collected complaints, history, gynecological examination, examination in mirrors, a fence from the cervix and cervical canal for oncocytological examination, an enzyme immunoassay for viral infections, as well as chlamydia, ureаplasma, trichomonosis, gardnerellosis, sexually transmitted infections. Results and discussion. The distribution by number of infections among 180 women was as follows: one infection - 42 (23.3%), two infections - 89 (49.4%), three or more infections - 49 (27.2%). From the presence of STI infections, the examined patients were diagnosed with cytomegalovirus - 63, genetic herpes - 52, ureаplasmosis - 32, chlamydia - 28, trichomoniasis - 26, candidiasis - 29, gardnerellosis - 18, papillomavirus infection - 12. During the examination, more often pseudoeroias were diagnosed - 126, cervicitis - 43, and polyps - 11. Cytological examination showed in most cases dystrophic changes in the cervical epithelium with varying degrees of damage to the layers. Dysplastic changes in Cytology smears were observed in 34 patients (18.8%), of which mild to moderate dysplasia prevailed (16%). Conclusion. Evaluating the results obtained, it can be noted that the chronic inflammatory process of the cervix affects the processes of metaplasia in ectopias (proliferation and differentiation of reserve cells) and in some cases can lead to the development of dysplasia. Keywords: cervical cancer, STI infections, papillomavirus, primary and secondary prevention.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79010029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-2-7
N. Igissinov, S. Kenzhebekova, S. Kozhakhmetov, M. Izimbergenov, D. Turebayev, Gauhar Nurtazinova, S. Sakhanov, Z. Bilyalova, Dariyana Kulmirzaeva
Diseases of the cardiovascular system remain an important medical and social problem throughout the world, since the prevalence, features of the clinical course and outcomes lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life. The study of the geographic variability of varicose veins of the lower extremities (hereinafter – VLE) can expand the understanding of this problem. Objective. To assess the regional features of the incidence of VLE in Kazakhstan for 2009-2018. Material and methods. The material for the study was the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 12, concerning VLE (ICD 10 – I83) for 2009-2018. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018 in the republic 158 151 cases of VLE were registered for the first time, of which 37 670 (23.8%) in men and 120 481 (76.2%) in women. The average annual incidence rate of VLE (both sexes) in the republic was 91.6±9.6 per 100,000 of the total population (95% CI=72.8-110.30/0000). The lowest incidence rates of VLE in the entire population were established in Aktobe region – 28.1±1.40/0000 (95% CI=25.4-30.80/0000). Very high incidence rates (both sexes) were detected in North Kazakhstan region (130.5±7.60/0000, 95% CI=115.6-145.40/0000) and in Astana city (163.0±11.00/0000, 95% CI=130.6-195.40/0000). Conclusions. The study showed a preliminary assessment of VLE incidence in the republic, identifying regions of low and high frequency, trends of VLE morbidity. In dynamics, morbidity rates tended to grow. With the equalization of the incidence rates of VLE, the average annual growth rate was Т=+12.5%. Keywords: varicose veins of the lower extremities, incidence, Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Regional features of the incidence of the lower extremities varicose in Kazakhstan","authors":"N. Igissinov, S. Kenzhebekova, S. Kozhakhmetov, M. Izimbergenov, D. Turebayev, Gauhar Nurtazinova, S. Sakhanov, Z. Bilyalova, Dariyana Kulmirzaeva","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-2-7","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases of the cardiovascular system remain an important medical and social problem throughout the world, since the prevalence, features of the clinical course and outcomes lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life. The study of the geographic variability of varicose veins of the lower extremities (hereinafter – VLE) can expand the understanding of this problem. Objective. To assess the regional features of the incidence of VLE in Kazakhstan for 2009-2018. Material and methods. The material for the study was the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 12, concerning VLE (ICD 10 – I83) for 2009-2018. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018 in the republic 158 151 cases of VLE were registered for the first time, of which 37 670 (23.8%) in men and 120 481 (76.2%) in women. The average annual incidence rate of VLE (both sexes) in the republic was 91.6±9.6 per 100,000 of the total population (95% CI=72.8-110.30/0000). The lowest incidence rates of VLE in the entire population were established in Aktobe region – 28.1±1.40/0000 (95% CI=25.4-30.80/0000). Very high incidence rates (both sexes) were detected in North Kazakhstan region (130.5±7.60/0000, 95% CI=115.6-145.40/0000) and in Astana city (163.0±11.00/0000, 95% CI=130.6-195.40/0000). Conclusions. The study showed a preliminary assessment of VLE incidence in the republic, identifying regions of low and high frequency, trends of VLE morbidity. In dynamics, morbidity rates tended to grow. With the equalization of the incidence rates of VLE, the average annual growth rate was Т=+12.5%. Keywords: varicose veins of the lower extremities, incidence, Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"41 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90425282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-29-36
N. Zharkinbekova, Aiganym Khamidulina, Zhazira Barat, Botagoz Rustemova
The quality of life of patients with chronic pain syndrome remains one of the most pressing issues. Pain is considered chronic if it lasts or recurs for more than 3-6 months. This contributes to disability, depression, sleep disorders, poor quality of life, and what is important in this situation, the cost of treatment. According to statistics, the average prevalence of chronic pain in the adult population is 20%. Practitioners everywhere are in search of new methods of pain relief. Purpose of research. The quality of life of patients with chronic pain syndrome has traditionally remained a topical issue. Given the permanent nature of pain and the completeness of approaches to its relief, the modern Clinician is constantly looking for new treatment methods that meet the principles of evidence-based medicine and safety. Material and methods. This paper presents the results of using Neurouridine® in 30 patients with peripheral neuropathy. 30 patients were randomized for a 3-week treatment period. Average age: 47.5±1.5 years. All patients received standard symptomatic therapy, and an oral combination drug containing b vitamins, folic acid, choline, and Uridine was added to the treatment in the 150 mg mode once a day. Patients made three visits to the outpatient neurological office: visit 1-to evaluate pre-treatment, visit 2-after 10 days of treatment, and visit 3-after 20 days of treatment. Each patient was presented with two performance evaluations at each study visit: pain assessment on the CRS NRS scale, and the fps Face scale. Results and discussion. Analysis of the results of the treatment showed improvement in the form of reduced pain, improved quality of life in 65.90%, rapid recovery of performance in 32.10%, reduced need for analgesics in 59.90% and complete disappearance of symptoms in 25.30% of patients. Pain was assessed using the HI NRG scale, the AZA Face scale, and the frequency of analgesics at the patient's first, second, and third visits. Conclusion. The use of Neurouridine® for analgesic purposes has shown a positive effect on reducing symptoms in patients with peripheral neuropathy. The results confirm that this therapy provides a clear regeneration of the nerves, relieving pain, and reducing the soreness characteristic of nerve damage. Keyword: peripheral neuropathy, Neurouridine®, pain assessment, quality of life.
{"title":"Experience of using Neurouridine® in various types of peripheral neuropathy","authors":"N. Zharkinbekova, Aiganym Khamidulina, Zhazira Barat, Botagoz Rustemova","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-29-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-29-36","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of life of patients with chronic pain syndrome remains one of the most pressing issues. Pain is considered chronic if it lasts or recurs for more than 3-6 months. This contributes to disability, depression, sleep disorders, poor quality of life, and what is important in this situation, the cost of treatment. According to statistics, the average prevalence of chronic pain in the adult population is 20%. Practitioners everywhere are in search of new methods of pain relief. Purpose of research. The quality of life of patients with chronic pain syndrome has traditionally remained a topical issue. Given the permanent nature of pain and the completeness of approaches to its relief, the modern Clinician is constantly looking for new treatment methods that meet the principles of evidence-based medicine and safety. Material and methods. This paper presents the results of using Neurouridine® in 30 patients with peripheral neuropathy. 30 patients were randomized for a 3-week treatment period. Average age: 47.5±1.5 years. All patients received standard symptomatic therapy, and an oral combination drug containing b vitamins, folic acid, choline, and Uridine was added to the treatment in the 150 mg mode once a day. Patients made three visits to the outpatient neurological office: visit 1-to evaluate pre-treatment, visit 2-after 10 days of treatment, and visit 3-after 20 days of treatment. Each patient was presented with two performance evaluations at each study visit: pain assessment on the CRS NRS scale, and the fps Face scale. Results and discussion. Analysis of the results of the treatment showed improvement in the form of reduced pain, improved quality of life in 65.90%, rapid recovery of performance in 32.10%, reduced need for analgesics in 59.90% and complete disappearance of symptoms in 25.30% of patients. Pain was assessed using the HI NRG scale, the AZA Face scale, and the frequency of analgesics at the patient's first, second, and third visits. Conclusion. The use of Neurouridine® for analgesic purposes has shown a positive effect on reducing symptoms in patients with peripheral neuropathy. The results confirm that this therapy provides a clear regeneration of the nerves, relieving pain, and reducing the soreness characteristic of nerve damage. Keyword: peripheral neuropathy, Neurouridine®, pain assessment, quality of life.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87761489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-37-43
Altynay Balmukhanova, Assiya Kanatbayeva, K. Kabulbayev, Maxsot Karasayev, D. Batyrbayeva
Nowadays chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading chronic non-communicable diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality. One of the most serious complications is mineral-bone disorder, which worsen the clinical course and prognosis of patients. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a new biomarker that regulates phosphate metabolism and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many complications in CKD. Purpose. To study the physiological role of FGF-23, as well as its potential clinical significance in the progression of CKD and its complications. Material and methods. A 20-year-deep literature search was conducted in the international scientific databases PubMed / Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar for the following keywords: "Fibroblast growth factor 23", "FGF-23", "phosphate homeostasis", "chronic kidney disease", "Mineral and bone disorders", "left ventricular hypertrophy". Results and discussion. FGF-23 is a protein secreted by bone cells and its primary physiological role is to regulate urinary excretion of phosphate to maintain a stable level in serum. Moreover, FGF-23 decreases calcitriol levels and inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion. In CKD, there is a gradual increase in FGF-23 levels as renal function declines, which can be regarded as physiological compensation to stabilize serum phosphate levels. According to the several studies, FGF-23 might be associated with cardiovascular complications, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Conclusion. Thus, FGF-23 is not only a marker of mineral-bone disorders in CKD, but also a key link in the pathogenesis of the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and cardiovascular complications. With this in mind, FGF-23 may represent a multifunctional therapeutic target that may improve the prognosis of patients with CKD. Keywords: fibroblast growth factor-23, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, left ventricular hypertrophy, mineral-bone disorder.
{"title":"The significance of Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in humans","authors":"Altynay Balmukhanova, Assiya Kanatbayeva, K. Kabulbayev, Maxsot Karasayev, D. Batyrbayeva","doi":"10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-37-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-217-218-7-8-37-43","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading chronic non-communicable diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality. One of the most serious complications is mineral-bone disorder, which worsen the clinical course and prognosis of patients. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a new biomarker that regulates phosphate metabolism and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many complications in CKD. Purpose. To study the physiological role of FGF-23, as well as its potential clinical significance in the progression of CKD and its complications. Material and methods. A 20-year-deep literature search was conducted in the international scientific databases PubMed / Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar for the following keywords: \"Fibroblast growth factor 23\", \"FGF-23\", \"phosphate homeostasis\", \"chronic kidney disease\", \"Mineral and bone disorders\", \"left ventricular hypertrophy\". Results and discussion. FGF-23 is a protein secreted by bone cells and its primary physiological role is to regulate urinary excretion of phosphate to maintain a stable level in serum. Moreover, FGF-23 decreases calcitriol levels and inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion. In CKD, there is a gradual increase in FGF-23 levels as renal function declines, which can be regarded as physiological compensation to stabilize serum phosphate levels. According to the several studies, FGF-23 might be associated with cardiovascular complications, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Conclusion. Thus, FGF-23 is not only a marker of mineral-bone disorders in CKD, but also a key link in the pathogenesis of the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and cardiovascular complications. With this in mind, FGF-23 may represent a multifunctional therapeutic target that may improve the prognosis of patients with CKD. Keywords: fibroblast growth factor-23, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, left ventricular hypertrophy, mineral-bone disorder.","PeriodicalId":14842,"journal":{"name":"Journal \"Medicine\"","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85761446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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