High performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) composites are defined as the materials which exhibit a postpeak strain hardening type of response with a multiple crack pattern. Such a ductile behavior makes the HPFRC an ideal material to be used in structural repair and retrofit for dimensional stability, tensile-load carrying capacity, impact resistance, flexibility and long term impermeability. A high performance response of fiber reinforced cement material can be achieved through both continuous fiber reinforcement and discontinuous fiber reinforcement. A variety of parameters can affect significantly the response from strain softening to strain hardening, or from single localized crack to sequential multiple cracking. This paper will discuss the effects of those parameters on the high performance response in FRC.
{"title":"Parameters Affecting High-Performance Response in Fiber-Reinforced Concrete","authors":"Y. Shao, R. Srinivasan, S. Shah","doi":"10.14359/5708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5708","url":null,"abstract":"High performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) composites are defined as the materials which exhibit a postpeak strain hardening type of response with a multiple crack pattern. Such a ductile behavior makes the HPFRC an ideal material to be used in structural repair and retrofit for dimensional stability, tensile-load carrying capacity, impact resistance, flexibility and long term impermeability. A high performance response of fiber reinforced cement material can be achieved through both continuous fiber reinforcement and discontinuous fiber reinforcement. A variety of parameters can affect significantly the response from strain softening to strain hardening, or from single localized crack to sequential multiple cracking. This paper will discuss the effects of those parameters on the high performance response in FRC.","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123584134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large variety of materials and techniques are available to increase strength of existing concrete structures in an effort to extend their service life. The way to make repaired and strengthened concrete structures durable is to ensure that the new composite system is tailored to serve the intended service life, and that the composite human system, the team involved with a project, is knowledgeable and experienced enough to recognize the complexity of their task. The paper reviews traditional methods and also offers a review on the use of advanced composite materials for strengthening existing concrete structures. The advantages and disadvantages of different techniques are presented.
{"title":"Concrete Repair at the Threshold of the 21st Century: Focus on Strengthening of Existing Structures","authors":"P. Emmons, A. Vaysburd","doi":"10.14359/5714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5714","url":null,"abstract":"A large variety of materials and techniques are available to increase strength of existing concrete structures in an effort to extend their service life. The way to make repaired and strengthened concrete structures durable is to ensure that the new composite system is tailored to serve the intended service life, and that the composite human system, the team involved with a project, is knowledgeable and experienced enough to recognize the complexity of their task. The paper reviews traditional methods and also offers a review on the use of advanced composite materials for strengthening existing concrete structures. The advantages and disadvantages of different techniques are presented.","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123036710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper suggests design guidelines for seismic retrofit of nonseismically designed reinforced concrete frames using high performance fiber reinforced concretes (HPFRCs) such as slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON) and slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON). The following retrofit schemes are addressed: column retrofit with either discontinuous or continuous SIMCON jackets and joint retrofit by either internal retrofit with prestressing bars or external SIMCON jacketing.
{"title":"Suggested Design Guidelines for Seismic Retrofit with SIMCON and SIFCON","authors":"E. Dogan, H. Hill, N. Krstulovic-Opara","doi":"10.14359/5717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5717","url":null,"abstract":"This paper suggests design guidelines for seismic retrofit of nonseismically designed reinforced concrete frames using high performance fiber reinforced concretes (HPFRCs) such as slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON) and slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON). The following retrofit schemes are addressed: column retrofit with either discontinuous or continuous SIMCON jackets and joint retrofit by either internal retrofit with prestressing bars or external SIMCON jacketing.","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131137119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of wollastonite reinforced portland cement based binders hydrated in saturated solution, distilled water, and saturated moist air was evaluated as a precursor to the development of a test for assessing the durability of these composites. The cementitious binders were made of cement and silica fume. The effect of the different solutions on the mechanical behavior and microstructural characteristics of the systems investigated at 24 deg C and 80 deg C was determined. Porosity and pore structure determinations were made using mercury intrusion porosimetry, helium pycnometry, and isopropyl alcohol saturation techniques. Flexural strength and fracture toughness behavior was also determined. Pore structure modifications, leaching effects and mechanical test results were discussed in the context of potential accelerated test criteria for the long-term stability of wollastonite micro-fibers in cement binders.
{"title":"Durability of Cement Systems Reinforced with Wollastonite Microfibers","authors":"J. Beaudoin, P. Gu, Nmp Low, N. Mailvaganam","doi":"10.14359/5712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5712","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of wollastonite reinforced portland cement based binders hydrated in saturated solution, distilled water, and saturated moist air was evaluated as a precursor to the development of a test for assessing the durability of these composites. The cementitious binders were made of cement and silica fume. The effect of the different solutions on the mechanical behavior and microstructural characteristics of the systems investigated at 24 deg C and 80 deg C was determined. Porosity and pore structure determinations were made using mercury intrusion porosimetry, helium pycnometry, and isopropyl alcohol saturation techniques. Flexural strength and fracture toughness behavior was also determined. Pore structure modifications, leaching effects and mechanical test results were discussed in the context of potential accelerated test criteria for the long-term stability of wollastonite micro-fibers in cement binders.","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116610223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Older reinforced concrete structures constructed in seismically active areas of the United States are usually non-ductile and are identified as hazardous. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of adequate retrofitting techniques for these buildings. This paper describes a research to develop a novel seismic retrofit technique, using recently developed high performance fiber reinforced concretes (HPFRC), to solve several common problems of nonseismically designed reinforced concrete frames.
{"title":"Seismic Retrofit with Discontinuous Slurry Infiltrated Mat Concrete (SIMCON) Jackets","authors":"N. Krstulovic-Opara, J. LaFave, E. Dogan, C. Uang","doi":"10.14359/5715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5715","url":null,"abstract":"Older reinforced concrete structures constructed in seismically active areas of the United States are usually non-ductile and are identified as hazardous. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of adequate retrofitting techniques for these buildings. This paper describes a research to develop a novel seismic retrofit technique, using recently developed high performance fiber reinforced concretes (HPFRC), to solve several common problems of nonseismically designed reinforced concrete frames.","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124397748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON) has recently emerged as a high performance steel fiber cementitious composite. Flexural strength, ductility and toughness of SIMCON were found to be superior to conventional steel fiber concrete. This paper discusses the potential advantages of SIMCON in repair applications. Mechanical properties including tensile stress-strain behavior and flexural load deflection relation are reviewed. Investigation of the interfacial bond strength of SIMCON overlay and concrete substrate is focused in this project. To assess bond between plain concrete substrate and SIMCON, the effect of shear nails and latex was studied. Air permeability of SIMCON was also studied via nondestructive testing.
{"title":"Slurry Infiltrated Mat Concrete (SIMCON) for Rehabilitation of Bridges and Pavements","authors":"J. Zeng, P. Klingenberg, Z. Bayasi","doi":"10.14359/5710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5710","url":null,"abstract":"Slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON) has recently emerged as a high performance steel fiber cementitious composite. Flexural strength, ductility and toughness of SIMCON were found to be superior to conventional steel fiber concrete. This paper discusses the potential advantages of SIMCON in repair applications. Mechanical properties including tensile stress-strain behavior and flexural load deflection relation are reviewed. Investigation of the interfacial bond strength of SIMCON overlay and concrete substrate is focused in this project. To assess bond between plain concrete substrate and SIMCON, the effect of shear nails and latex was studied. Air permeability of SIMCON was also studied via nondestructive testing.","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121157698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Brunnhoeffer, M. B. Farrell, N. Hawkins, W. Gamble, F. P. Shkurti
Three reinforced concrete columns with inadequate strength, non-contact, lap splices at their base were tested to failure under reversed cyclic loading. An investigation was then made of a method for jacketing such damaged columns in order to reinstate and improve their seismic performance. The damaged columns were jacketed using a steel fiber mat infiltrated with slurry and then again tested to failure under reversed cyclic loading. Details are provided of the seismic performance characteristics of the columns, and the repair techniques used.
{"title":"Repair of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Steel Fiber Mat Reinforced Slurry Concrete","authors":"G. Brunnhoeffer, M. B. Farrell, N. Hawkins, W. Gamble, F. P. Shkurti","doi":"10.14359/5716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5716","url":null,"abstract":"Three reinforced concrete columns with inadequate strength, non-contact, lap splices at their base were tested to failure under reversed cyclic loading. An investigation was then made of a method for jacketing such damaged columns in order to reinstate and improve their seismic performance. The damaged columns were jacketed using a steel fiber mat infiltrated with slurry and then again tested to failure under reversed cyclic loading. Details are provided of the seismic performance characteristics of the columns, and the repair techniques used.","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123404071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a prototype construction project in which about two thirds of a berth face, 122 m long and 7.1 m high, was repaired with a synthetic fiber reinforced shotcrete and the remaining third with a steel fiber reinforced shotcrete. The synthetic fiber used was a new mono-filament polyolefin fiber, 26 mm long x 0.38 mm diameter added at an addition rate of 1.25% by volume of shotcrete. The deformed steel fiber, 38 mm long, was added at an addition rate of 0.75% by volume of the shotcrete. The shotcrete used was air entrained, silica fume modified, supplied by transit mixers from a central mix plant and applied by the wet mix shotcrete process. The remedial design, shotcrete mixture designs, preconstruction mock up production and quality control testing are described as well, and a summary of construction quality control test results is provided.
{"title":"Repair of Berth Faces at Port of Montreal with Fiber-Reinforced Shotcrete","authors":"D. Morgan, A. Lobo, L. Rich","doi":"10.14359/5713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5713","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a prototype construction project in which about two thirds of a berth face, 122 m long and 7.1 m high, was repaired with a synthetic fiber reinforced shotcrete and the remaining third with a steel fiber reinforced shotcrete. The synthetic fiber used was a new mono-filament polyolefin fiber, 26 mm long x 0.38 mm diameter added at an addition rate of 1.25% by volume of shotcrete. The deformed steel fiber, 38 mm long, was added at an addition rate of 0.75% by volume of the shotcrete. The shotcrete used was air entrained, silica fume modified, supplied by transit mixers from a central mix plant and applied by the wet mix shotcrete process. The remedial design, shotcrete mixture designs, preconstruction mock up production and quality control testing are described as well, and a summary of construction quality control test results is provided.","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114397353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Performance Micro-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Thin Repairs","authors":"N. Banthia, C. Yan","doi":"10.14359/5711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127362643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports the results of an investigation on the performance of FRC-encased open web steel joints under cyclic loading. The system completely eliminates the need for any shear connectors between steel joints and surrounding FRC as well as that for conventional longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars, all of which are labor intensive. Cyclic load tests on some half-scale specimens consisting of composite beams with end connections were carried out. The parameters included the configuration of web steel elements, and the amount of steel in longitudinal and web elements of the joints.
{"title":"Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Encased Steel Joints for Seismic Resistance","authors":"S. Goel, M. Khuntia","doi":"10.14359/5709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5709","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the results of an investigation on the performance of FRC-encased open web steel joints under cyclic loading. The system completely eliminates the need for any shear connectors between steel joints and surrounding FRC as well as that for conventional longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars, all of which are labor intensive. Cyclic load tests on some half-scale specimens consisting of composite beams with end connections were carried out. The parameters included the configuration of web steel elements, and the amount of steel in longitudinal and web elements of the joints.","PeriodicalId":148554,"journal":{"name":"SP-185: High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Infrastructural Repair and Retrofit","volume":"707 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122989363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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