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2016 13th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)最新文献

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Dynamic environment modelling and prediction for autonomous systems 自主系统的动态环境建模与预测
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822847
J. Papadoudis, A. Georgiadis
This work describes a method to extend classical maps in terms of additional information and a prediction about objects within the environment. The prediction system is based on the behaviour of the observed objects and influences accordingly the updating of the map. First all objects are classified due to their size and further parameters characterizing the ability to move. Furthermore the velocity and orientation of objects within the visible area of the autonomous system are extracted from a vision sensor. In case of a mobile autonomous system they help to adjust its path in real time. Additionally all objects are tracked. In order to generate the statistical map a statistical indicator is introduced describing the possible future positions of objects. Thus the conventional maps can be improved by adding information about the status of the considered space. Furthermore the status of objects can be predicted even when they are not visible anymore. In the case of a mobile system, it will improve the awareness drastically enabling it to act pre-emptively and improve the human-machine interaction in e.g. a production environment.
这项工作描述了一种方法,以额外的信息和对环境中的对象的预测来扩展经典地图。预测系统基于被观测对象的行为,并相应地影响地图的更新。首先,所有的对象都是根据它们的大小和进一步的参数来分类的,这些参数表征了它们的移动能力。此外,从视觉传感器中提取自治系统可见区域内物体的速度和方向。在移动自主系统的情况下,它们有助于实时调整其路径。此外,所有对象都被跟踪。为了生成统计图,引入了描述物体未来可能位置的统计指标。因此,可以通过添加有关所考虑空间状态的信息来改进传统地图。此外,即使物体不再可见,它们的状态也可以预测。在移动系统的情况下,它将大大提高意识,使其能够先发制人地采取行动,并改善生产环境中的人机交互。
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引用次数: 0
GPS-SEC GPS-SEC
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822841
L. Altay, Salim Eryigit, Fatih Alagöz
Position & time awareness is one of the fundamental components of ubiquitous computing. Sophisticated mobile applications utilize location and time information to confirm, set aside and grant activities. GPS is one of the global position and time information service provider and increases the quality of the context of the ubiquitous computing with enhanced serviceability. GPS encompasses space, ground and user segments. Since the data confidentiality is not a primary concern of GPS, spoofing of navigational data is a straightforward attack type of the malicious users to falsify user segment. There are several studies for counter-spoofing for GPS data falsification threat, but they require additional hardware in receiver side or modification of the ground or space segments. In this paper, we propose a simple method to amend the current GPS structure without additional hardware to mitigate spoofing.
位置和时间感知是普适计算的基本组成部分之一。复杂的移动应用程序利用位置和时间信息来确认、搁置和授予活动。GPS是全球位置和时间信息服务提供商之一,通过增强可服务性,提高了普适计算环境的质量。GPS包括空间、地面和用户部分。由于GPS的数据保密性不是主要考虑的问题,因此欺骗导航数据是恶意用户伪造用户段的一种直接攻击方式。针对GPS数据伪造威胁的反欺骗研究已有若干项,但都需要在接收机侧增加硬件或对地面或空间段进行修改。在本文中,我们提出了一种简单的方法来修改现有的GPS结构,而不需要额外的硬件来减轻欺骗。
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引用次数: 1
An alternative double-sided two-way ranging method 另一种双面双向测距方法
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822844
D. Neirynck, Eric Luk, Michael McLaughlin
Symmetric double-sided two-way ranging is a well-known technique to deal with clock drift in time-of-flight measurements between unsynchronised devices. However, the requirement for symmetric reply delays is often not feasible. This paper presents an alternative way to process double-sided two-way ranging measurements that eliminates the need for this impractical constraint. The error of the proposed method is of the same order of magnitude as the best case error of symmetric double-sided two-way ranging. Crucially, the error depends only on the clock drift of one of the devices, which can be exploited if one of the device has a better timing reference than the other.
对称双面双向测距是一种众所周知的技术来处理时钟漂移在飞行时间测量之间的非同步设备。然而,对称应答延迟的要求通常是不可行的。本文提出了一种处理双面双向测距测量的替代方法,消除了这种不切实际的约束的需要。该方法的误差与对称双面双向测距的最优情况误差在同一数量级。至关重要的是,误差仅取决于其中一个器件的时钟漂移,如果其中一个器件具有比另一个更好的时序参考,则可以利用该误差。
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引用次数: 116
Comparison of wired and wireless synchronization with clock drift compensation suited for U-TDoA localization 适合U-TDoA定位的有线与无线同步时钟漂移补偿的比较
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822846
Swen Leugner, Mathias Pelka, H. Hellbrück
Indoor localization with Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (U-TDoA) provides good scalability, high updates rates and high accuracy. However, clock errors lead to localization errors and synchronization is important. In this paper, we design and implement wired and wireless synchronization and provide a comparison between them. We design and implement a wireless synchronization with clock drift compensation. For wired and wireless synchronization, we discuss reasons for clock deviation that lead to localization errors. We evaluate both approaches in a U-TDoA measurement setup. Finally, we provide recommendations for wired and wireless synchronization. Additionally to localization, wireless synchronization is suited for Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
基于上行到达时间差(utdoa)的室内定位具有良好的可扩展性、较高的更新速率和较高的精度。但是,时钟错误会导致定位错误,因此同步非常重要。本文设计并实现了有线和无线同步,并对有线和无线同步进行了比较。我们设计并实现了带时钟漂移补偿的无线同步。对于有线和无线同步,我们讨论了导致定位误差的时钟偏差的原因。我们在U-TDoA测量设置中评估这两种方法。最后,我们提出了有线和无线同步的建议。除了定位之外,无线同步还适用于时分多址(TDMA)。
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引用次数: 23
Cooperative localization in GNSS-aided VANETs with accurate IR-UWB range measurements 基于精确红外-超宽带距离测量的gnss辅助vanet协同定位
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822848
Gia-Minh Hoang, B. Denis, Jérôme Härri, D. Slock
Cooperative positioning based on Impulse Radio — Ultra WideBand (IR-UWB) is known to provide a centimeter-level accuracy when the positions of anchor nodes are perfectly known. In Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), vehicles acting as “virtual anchor” nodes are highly mobile with imperfect position estimates delivered by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The large difference between measurement noises of GNSS positioning and IR-UWB Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) ranging creates a bias in the localization filter, which is cooperatively propagated to other to other vehicles, and therefore significantly attenuates the benefits of IR-UWB for Cooperative Localization (CLoc). This paper compensates this drawback by a novel 2-step CLoc fusion framework. It first selects the “virtual anchor” nodes with the lowest GNSS position uncertainty to mitigate and stop the propagation of the biases. Once all biases have been reduced, it refines localization accuracy through exhaustive fusion. This strategy increases the probability to reach a 40 cm accuracy from 25% (conventional IR-UWB) to 95%, and even a 20 cm accuracy from 5% to 40%.
基于脉冲无线电-超宽带(IR-UWB)的协同定位在锚节点位置完全已知的情况下,可以提供厘米级的精度。在车辆自组织网络(VANETs)中,作为“虚拟锚”节点的车辆具有高度的移动性,并且全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)提供的位置估计不完美。GNSS定位测量噪声与IR-UWB车对车(V2V)测距测量噪声之间存在较大差异,会在定位滤波器中产生偏置,这种偏置会协同传播给其他车辆,从而显著削弱IR-UWB协同定位(CLoc)的优势。本文提出了一种新的两步CLoc融合框架来弥补这一缺陷。它首先选择GNSS位置不确定性最低的“虚拟锚”节点来减轻和阻止偏差的传播。一旦所有的偏差都减少了,它就会通过穷极融合来提高定位精度。该策略将40厘米精度从25%(传统IR-UWB)提高到95%的概率,甚至将20厘米精度从5%提高到40%的概率。
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引用次数: 25
Testing of positioning and timing for cooperative and autonomous driving systems 合作和自动驾驶系统的定位和定时测试
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822851
I. Passchier, G. V. Vugt, Komal Rauf
Positioning and timing subsystems are crucial components for cooperative and autonomous driving. Both during development and for validation and certification, it is crucial that advanced testing systems are available. To support the complete development life cycle, testing tools for hardware in the loop testing, open test track testing, and public road testing are required. This paper gives an overview of testing methodologies for all these cases. Furthermore, examples of implemented test systems are provided, illustrating how these test systems can be used in practice to support the development and certification process of positioning and timing systems for the automotive sector.
定位和定时子系统是协作驾驶和自动驾驶的关键组成部分。无论是在开发过程中,还是在验证和认证过程中,先进的测试系统是至关重要的。为了支持完整的开发生命周期,需要硬件在环测试、开放测试轨道测试和公共道路测试的测试工具。本文概述了所有这些案例的测试方法。此外,还提供了实施测试系统的示例,说明如何在实践中使用这些测试系统来支持汽车行业定位和定时系统的开发和认证过程。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal wavelet design for TOA ranging in the presence of synchronization error 存在同步误差时TOA测距的优化小波设计
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822858
H. Nikookar
In this paper accurate ranging using flexible wavelet packet modulation is addressed. Wavelet Packet modulated (WPM) signal can be used for joint communications and ranging (two functionalities in one technology). Using wavelet technology the optimal signal will be designed for the time-of-arrival (TOA) or time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) ranging when there exists a synchronization error. The focus will be on the wavelet packet modulated signal as wavelets have lower sensitivity to distortion and interference as a result of synchronization error. Further advantage of wavelet technology lies in its flexibility to customize and shape the characteristics of the waveforms for context-aware communication and ranging purposes.
本文研究了利用柔性小波包调制进行精确测距的方法。小波包调制(WPM)信号可用于联合通信和测距(一种技术中的两种功能)。在存在同步误差的情况下,利用小波技术设计到达时间(TOA)或到达时间差(TDOA)测距的最优信号。由于小波对同步误差引起的失真和干扰的敏感性较低,因此重点将放在小波包调制信号上。小波技术的另一个优势在于它可以灵活地定制和塑造波形的特征,以实现上下文感知通信和测距目的。
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引用次数: 1
Fundamental limits in RSSI-based direction-of-arrival estimation 基于rssi的到达方向估计的基本限制
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822837
T. Nowak, M. Hartmann, L. Patino-Studencki, J. Thielecke
The use of wireless sensor networks is rapidly increasing. Also the demand of ubiquitous location sensors is swiftly expanding. Hence, energy and location-awareness come into focus of research today. A prospective approach for low-power locating sensor networks is received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based direction finding. The presented approach is based on RSSI difference measurements retrieved by a array of directed antennas. In this paper, fundamental limits of RSSI-based direction finding are evaluated, beyond the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). That is not applicable for the design of a localization system topology due to the nature of the gain difference function that leads to an unbounded variance of the unbiased estimator. Thus, a maximum likelihood (ML) approach to the RSSI-based direction finding is presented. The ML estimator yields a limited variance for all signal directions. However, that benefit comes at the expense of being biased. Beyond treating direction estimates, mean square position errors are compared for both, the unbiased and the ML estimator.
无线传感器网络的使用正在迅速增加。此外,无处不在的位置传感器的需求也在迅速扩大。因此,能源和位置意识成为当今研究的焦点。基于接收信号强度指示器(RSSI)的测向是低功耗定位传感器网络的一种有前景的方法。该方法基于定向天线阵列检索的RSSI差分测量值。本文评估了基于rsi的测向的基本限制,超出了Cramer-Rao下界(CRLB)。这不适用于定位系统拓扑的设计,因为增益差函数的性质导致无偏估计量的无界方差。因此,提出了一种基于rssi的最大似然(ML)测向方法。ML估计器对所有信号方向产生有限方差。然而,这种好处是以偏见为代价的。除了处理方向估计之外,还比较了无偏估计器和ML估计器的均方位置误差。
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引用次数: 8
Improved RO-SLAM using activity classification for automated V2X infrastructure mapping 改进RO-SLAM,使用活动分类实现自动V2X基础设施映射
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822849
Richard Weber, Paul Balzer, O. Michler, Erik Mademann
In recent years, wireless sensor networks became popular for a wide range of mainstream applications. Closely related with this evolution, a problem for consumer market use emerged: How to initialize and setup the infrastructure automatically. This paper presents an approach to solve this problem. We present a novel approach how to build infrastructure maps only with anchor-mobile range measurements. The approach uses a baseline SLAM implementation in form of incremental posterior mapping. We adapt the approach by representing mobile posterior as well as anchor maps with probability grids similar to Markov Localization due to addressing the complex Range Only Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (RO-SLAM) problem. In urban areas mobiles are employed e.g. by pedestrians or bikes which feature a specific kinematic locomotion activity. Hence, we pair RO-SLAM with a SVM-based activity classifier in order to raise anchor mapping accuracy. Simulation results discuss algorithm convergence and demonstrate the accuracy improvement in the presence of activity information.
近年来,无线传感器网络得到了广泛的主流应用。与这种演变密切相关的是,消费者市场使用的一个问题出现了:如何自动初始化和设置基础设施。本文提出了一种解决这一问题的方法。我们提出了一种仅使用锚点移动距离测量来构建基础设施地图的新方法。该方法以增量后验映射的形式使用基线SLAM实现。由于解决了复杂的范围同步定位和映射(RO-SLAM)问题,我们采用了类似于马尔可夫定位的概率网格来表示移动后验和锚图。在城市地区,移动设备被使用,例如行人或自行车,它们具有特定的运动学运动活动。因此,我们将RO-SLAM与基于svm的活动分类器配对,以提高锚点映射精度。仿真结果讨论了算法的收敛性,并证明了在活动信息存在下算法精度的提高。
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引用次数: 4
Indoor positioning using ambient radio signals: Data acquisition platform for a long-term study 利用环境无线电信号进行室内定位:长期研究的数据采集平台
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822838
A. Popleteev
This paper presents an ongoing long-term study exploring indoor positioning systems based on ambient radio signals (such as FM, TV and GSM). We introduce an open-source platform designed to facilitate data acquisition in indoor localization experiments. The platform is currently employed for the creation of a public dataset of geo referenced ambient radio signal samples. The paper discusses the system design as well as the challenges and current lessons of the year-long experiment.
本文介绍了一项正在进行的基于环境无线电信号(如调频、电视和GSM)的室内定位系统的长期研究。我们介绍了一个开源平台,旨在方便室内定位实验的数据采集。该平台目前用于创建地理参考环境无线电信号样本的公共数据集。本文讨论了该系统的设计,以及长达一年的实验所面临的挑战和当前的经验教训。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
2016 13th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)
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