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2014 Eleventh International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)最新文献

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EALBM: Energy aware load balancing multipath routing protocol for MANETs 面向manet的能量感知负载均衡多路径路由协议
Sneha R. Deshmukh, V. Raisinghani
A number of new routing protocols such as Traffic-Size Aware scheme (TSA), Dynamic Load-Aware Routing (DLAR), Load Balanced Ad Hoc Routing (LBAR), Receiver-oriented Load-balancing and Reliable Routing (RLRR)and Ring-based Energy AwareRouting (REAR) have been proposed recently to deal with load balancing in MANET. The primary objective of load balancing routing protocols is to divert traffic from routes which are currently congested. The drawback of current routing protocols is that they select paths with least node activity, least cost, least hop count, least load or those with smaller interface queues. However, if the path with the least metric will be selected every time then this could congest this path could get more loaded than others. Eventually some of the nodes along path could die. We address this problem byproposing Energy efficient and Load Balancing Multi-path(EALBM) routing protocol which uses multiple paths at the same time. EALBM is an on demand routing protocol, it has three phases of working: neighbor discovery, multipath discovery and data transmission. The source initiates multipath discovery process to determine all existing disjoint multipath from source to destination. Each disjoint path is assigneda weight based on the energy level of nodes along that path. The path with maximum energy has least weight i.e. most preferred. To validate our protocol we implemented EALBM in NS2. We created four different scenarios, static nodes with same or different energy level of nodes, and dynamic node mobility with same or different energy of nodes. Our results show that EALBM performs better than Ad hoc On demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV). The throughput of EALBM is higher by 6% (static nodes) upto 16% (dynamic topology) as compared to AOMDV. The packet delivery ratio of EALBM is higher by 7% (static) upto 52% (dynamic) as compared to AOMDV. The packet loss, latency and normalized load in case of EALBM are also substantially lower than AOMDV.
近年来,人们提出了许多新的路由协议,如流量大小感知方案(TSA)、动态负载感知路由(DLAR)、负载均衡自组织路由(LBAR)、面向接收方的负载均衡与可靠路由(RLRR)和基于环的能量感知路由(REAR)等,以解决MANET中的负载均衡问题。负载均衡路由协议的主要目标是从当前拥塞的路由中分流流量。当前路由协议的缺点是它们选择具有最少节点活动、最少开销、最少跳数、最少负载或具有较小接口队列的路径。然而,如果每次都选择具有最小度量的路径,那么这可能会导致拥挤,这条路径可能会比其他路径负载更多。最终,路径上的一些节点可能会死亡。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了能效和负载均衡多路径(EALBM)路由协议,该协议同时使用多条路径。EALBM是一种按需路由协议,它有三个工作阶段:邻居发现、多路径发现和数据传输。源端启动多路径发现过程,确定从源端到目的端之间存在的所有不相交的多路径。每个不相交的路径根据该路径上节点的能量级别分配一个权重。能量最大的路径权重最小,即最优选的路径。为了验证我们的协议,我们在NS2中实现了EALBM。我们创建了四种不同的场景,节点能量相同或不同的静态节点,节点能量相同或不同的动态节点移动。结果表明,EALBM算法的性能优于AOMDV算法。与AOMDV相比,EALBM的吞吐量提高了6%(静态节点),最高可达16%(动态拓扑)。与AOMDV相比,EALBM的分组传送率高出7%(静态)至52%(动态)。EALBM的丢包、延迟和归一化负载也明显低于AOMDV。
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引用次数: 21
Automated medication dispensing system 自动配药系统
R. BhagyaShreeS, P. ChandraShekar, A. Arjun, R. ManojG, A. Nithin, R. S. Raj
Earlier, people would live in joint families where atleast one person used to be there at home to take care of aged people. In modern days, people prefer nuclear families where there are no one present to take care of aged people and patients due to their busy working schedule. To overcome this, they need to appoint a caregiver to take care of the patients for their diet, hygiene, medication etc. Payments given to the caregivers will affect their savings. To overcome such problems a model is needed. This model medicates the patients and aged people automatically to inform them regarding medication in time as prescribed by the Doctor. This is done by presetting the prescribed time and comparing it with RTC time. When they are equal, tablets are dispensed. The patient is given sufficient time to take the tablets. If the patient fails, a message is sent to the caregiver informing about the failure. Thus the proposed model is implemented for aged people, patients, bed-ridden and the illiterates to ensure medication at right time and simultaneously notify the caregiver if patient fails to take medications.
早些时候,人们会住在共同的家庭中,至少有一个人在家照顾老人。在现代,人们更喜欢没有人照顾老人和病人的核心家庭,因为他们的工作很忙。为了克服这一点,他们需要指定一名护理人员来照顾病人的饮食、卫生、药物等。支付给照顾者的费用会影响他们的储蓄。为了克服这些问题,需要一个模型。该模型自动给病人和老年人用药,并及时通知他们按照医生的处方用药。这是通过预先设定规定时间并将其与RTC时间进行比较来完成的。当它们相等时,就分配药片。给病人足够的时间服用药片。如果患者失败了,就会向护理人员发送消息,告知失败。因此,本文提出的模型适用于老年人、病人、卧床病人和文盲,以确保及时用药,并在患者服药失败时同时通知护理人员。
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引用次数: 9
Analytical outage performance of uplink distributed green antenna system 上行分布式绿色天线系统的中断性能分析
M. Mishra, Parag Aggarwal, A. Trivedi, K. K. Pattanaik
With exponential growth of high data rate applications, significant energy is consumed in cellular networks to guarantee better quality of service (QoS). Therefore, energy efficient wireless communication is being paid increasing attention under the background of limited energy resource and environmental-friendly transmission behaviors. Recently, distributed antenna system (DAS) has shown great potential for reducing transmission power and outage for next generation cellular networks. Previously, most of the researches have not considered the random locations of both the mobile stations (MSs) and the DAS. In this paper, we suggest stochastic geometry based distributed green antenna system (DGAS) model to analyze the performance of the cellular system. Moreover, uplink DGAS is considered where MSs' locations are distributed according to homogenous Poisson point process (HPPP) and each MS is associated to the closest distributed green antenna (DGA). Further, the expressions for outage probability and the area spectral efficiency are derived over path loss and Rayleigh fading channel. Analytical results for the interference limited system show that as the distance between MS and DGA of interest increases, outage probability of the system increases.
随着高数据速率应用的指数级增长,蜂窝网络需要消耗大量的能量来保证更好的服务质量(QoS)。因此,在能源有限、传输行为环保的背景下,高效节能的无线通信越来越受到人们的重视。近年来,分布式天线系统(DAS)在减少下一代蜂窝网络的传输功率和中断方面显示出巨大的潜力。以往的研究大多没有考虑移动站和DAS的随机位置。本文提出了基于随机几何的分布式绿色天线系统(DGAS)模型来分析蜂窝系统的性能。此外,考虑上行链路DGAS,其中MS的位置根据齐次泊松点过程(HPPP)进行分布,每个MS与最近的分布式绿天线(DGA)相关联。进一步推导了在路径损耗和瑞利衰落信道下的中断概率和面积谱效率表达式。对干扰限制系统的分析结果表明,随着目标能谱与目标能谱之间的距离增大,系统的中断概率增大。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of class-level versus object-level static and dynamic coupling and cohesion measures in object oriented programming 面向对象编程中类级与对象级静态和动态耦合及内聚措施的比较
Vasudha Dixit, Rajeev Vishwkarma
A large numbers of metrics have been projected for measuring properties of object-oriented package like size, inheritance, cohesion and coupling. To find the difference between inheritance and interface programming coupling metrics are used. This paper measures coupling between object (CBO), number of associations between categories (NASSocC), number of dependencies in metric (NDepIN) and number of dependencies out metric (NDepOut) in object oriented programming for both static and dynamic analysis. Java program is employed for implementation. In this paper we would like to show which concept is excellent to use and useful for package developer.
已经提出了大量度量方法来度量面向对象包的属性,如大小、继承、内聚和耦合。为了找出继承和接口编程之间的区别,使用了耦合度量。本文测量了面向对象编程中对象之间的耦合(CBO)、类别之间的关联数(NASSocC)、依赖度量数(NDepIN)和依赖度量数(NDepOut),用于静态和动态分析。采用Java程序实现。在本文中,我们将展示哪些概念对包开发人员来说是非常有用的。
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引用次数: 5
An approach for interference reduction in cellular network 一种减少蜂窝网络干扰的方法
S. N. Ohatkar, D. Bormane
For today's wireless mobile communication systems, efficient use of limited radio spectrum with minimum interferences is required. Minimizing call-blocking probability may raise the interferences, which may increase call dropping probability. Channel assignment schemes i.e. Fixed, Dynamic and Hybrid are used to allocate channels to cells in order to minimize call blocking and call dropping probability. The analytical investigation of these schemes when compared shows Hybrid Channel Allocation(HCA) has less call blocking and less interfering edges with Graph theory-node coloring algorithm. The proposed Genetic Algorithm(GA) approach performs better with HCA in reducing interfering edges, less calls are blocked and less S/I ratio than analytical results with Graph theory.
对于当今的无线移动通信系统,需要在干扰最小的情况下有效地利用有限的无线电频谱。最小化呼叫阻塞概率可能会增加干扰,从而增加呼叫掉线概率。采用固定、动态和混合信道分配方案将信道分配给小区,以最大限度地减少呼叫阻塞和呼叫掉线概率。对比分析表明,混合信道分配(HCA)具有较少的呼叫阻塞和较少的干扰边。与图论分析结果相比,遗传算法(GA)在减少干扰边、减少调用阻塞和降低S/I比率方面表现得更好。
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引用次数: 3
Performance analysis of an ultra high capacity 1 Tbps DWDM-RoF system for very narrow channel spacing 超高容量1 Tbps DWDM-RoF系统在极窄信道间距下的性能分析
Viyoma Sarup, Amit Gupta
A RoF system can further be enhanced by incorporating the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technique for bandwidth utilization and ultra high speed communication. In this paper the model for a high speed of 1Tbps, a 40-channel DWDM-RoF system has been designed and simulated where each channel carries data at a rate of 25 Gbps. The performance of and erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for the system has been compared for extremely narrow channel spacing of 0.1 nm, and 0.2 nm at different transmission distance. The Q-factor and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) values have been reported for different cases and it is observed that SOA performs linearly and better than EDFA when employed as post amplifier.
通过结合密集波分复用(DWDM)技术,可以进一步增强RoF系统的带宽利用率和超高速通信。本文设计并仿真了高速1Tbps的40通道DWDM-RoF系统模型,其中每个通道以25gbps的速率传输数据。比较了用于该系统的掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)和半导体光放大器(SOA)在不同传输距离下通道间距为0.1 nm和0.2 nm时的性能。不同情况下的q因子和光信噪比(OSNR)值已被报道,并且观察到SOA作为后放大器时表现为线性且优于EDFA。
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引用次数: 19
The mobile-cloud computing (MCC) roadblocks 移动云计算(MCC)的障碍
P. Hazarika, Vinod Baliga, S. Tolety
Cloud computing is a great business idea and in the past many years this idea has blossomed into a major segment in IT industry. Enterprises, irrespective of size, have either adopted cloud or planning to adopt cloud. In today's Smartphone era, mobile technology is a perfect match to leverage cloud computing, the later inherently addressing the limitations of the former. With cloud computing, data and related processing can be offloaded to cloud and the processed information can be consumed through mobile devices. This collaboration is aptly named as mobile cloud computing. To make the mobile cloud ecosystem to work seamlessly is a big challenge in itself. Adopting cloud implies placing business critical applications and sensitive data out to a third party cloud vendor, which has major security implications. With mobile devices, the threat may be stronger than ever. This paper discusses the various mobile cloud challenges that pose potential roadblocks for mobile cloud collaboration.
云计算是一个伟大的商业理念,在过去的许多年中,这个理念已经发展成为IT行业的一个主要部分。企业,无论规模大小,要么已经采用了云,要么正在计划采用云。在今天的智能手机时代,移动技术是利用云计算的完美匹配,后者本质上解决了前者的局限性。通过云计算,可以将数据和相关处理卸载到云端,处理后的信息可以通过移动设备消费。这种合作被恰当地命名为移动云计算。让移动云生态系统无缝运行本身就是一个巨大的挑战。采用云意味着将关键业务应用程序和敏感数据交给第三方云供应商,这具有重大的安全隐患。对于移动设备,威胁可能比以往任何时候都要大。本文讨论了对移动云协作构成潜在障碍的各种移动云挑战。
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引用次数: 9
Rate reach profile and tone loading algorithms for underwater acoustic communication 水声通信的速率到达剖面和音调加载算法
K. Saraswathi, Niraj B. Gadakari, B. Abitha, S. Ravishankar
Underwater acoustic (UWA) channel is characterized as a severe multipath propagation channel due to signal reflections from the surface and bottom of the sea, that is affected by a variety of ambient noise profiles unique to underwater environment. Further the motion of water introduces a Doppler. Multicarrier modulation schemes can be adapted to meet a given Quality of service (QOS) in such environments. In this paper the underwater acoustic channel is studied using the Thorp and Ainslie-McColm models for absorption and their limitations are analyzed. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) profiles at various distances employing Discrete Multitone Modulation are obtained considering different types of ambient noise sources such as shipping, wind, thermal, bubble and turbulence. To meet the QOS different Rate Adaptive and Margin Adaptive Tone loading algorithms are simulated and compared based on system margin, utilizing these SNR profiles.
水声(UWA)信道是一种严重的多径传播信道,受海面和海底信号反射的影响,受到水下环境特有的各种环境噪声分布的影响。此外,水的运动引入了多普勒。在这种环境中,多载波调制方案可以适应给定的服务质量(QOS)。本文采用Thorp模型和Ainslie-McColm模型对水声通道进行了研究,并分析了它们的局限性。考虑船舶、风、热、气泡和湍流等不同类型的环境噪声源,采用离散多音调制得到了不同距离下的信噪比(SNR)曲线。为了满足QOS要求,利用这些信噪比曲线,对基于系统裕度的不同速率自适应和裕度自适应音调加载算法进行了仿真和比较。
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引用次数: 2
Performance analysis of AODV with multi-radio in hybrid wireless mesh network 混合无线网状网络中多无线电AODV的性能分析
Sujatha Kolipaka, B. Bhandari, A. Rajani
Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a promising wireless technology for several emerging and commercially interesting applications. It is a multi-hop wireless access network where nodes can act both as a host as well as a router. The proposed work focuses on architecture of hybrid mesh network such that gateway routers are used for accessing the internal or external network. The mesh router has been divided into two parts that is, backbone mesh router and border mesh router (BMR). With the recent 802.11e quality-of-service (QOS) extension realtime applications such as voice over IP and video streaming are finding their way to be running over WLANs. This paper proposes twin adaptation of hybrid mesh network architecture at physical layer and 802.11e MAC layer considering a network model, which is an enhancement of AODV-MR routing protocol. Based on simulation results, we show that there is a significant improvement on standard AODV in terms of key performance metrics such as Throughput, delay, packet delivery ratio and normalized routing overhead.
无线网状网络(WMN)是一种很有前途的无线技术,可用于一些新兴的和商业上有趣的应用。它是一种多跳无线接入网络,其中的节点既可以充当主机,也可以充当路由器。本文提出了一种基于网关路由器的混合网状网络结构,该结构采用网关路由器接入内部或外部网络。网状路由器分为骨干网状路由器和边界网状路由器(BMR)两部分。随着最近的802.11e服务质量(QOS)扩展,实时应用程序(如IP语音和视频流)正在寻找在wlan上运行的方式。本文在考虑网络模型的基础上,提出了混合网状网络体系结构物理层和802.11e MAC层的双重适配,是对AODV-MR路由协议的改进。基于仿真结果,我们表明在吞吐量、延迟、数据包传送率和规范化路由开销等关键性能指标方面,标准AODV有显著改进。
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引用次数: 5
Implementation of a new framework for automated network security checking and alert system 实现了一个新的网络安全自动检查和警报系统框架
S. Pandey, V. Yadav, Sandeep Kumar, S. Verma, Prabhat Dansena
Network Security Checking is a process of scanning the network and assessing it for finding the vulnerabilities out of the network. Network scanning is done to find out live hosts and their open ports on the network. A single tool used for security checking process cant give reliable results. We proposed a framework in this project with multiple tools for network scanning as well as for vulnerability assessment. The proposed framework is an extension of the framework given by Jun Yoon and WontaeSim. This framework also contains alerting and reporting system. The reporting system of framework sends an email to the network administrator which contains detailed report of network security checking process. The Alert system sends an SMS message to network administrator in case of severe threats found in the network. We have implemented the proposed framework and developed a platform which performs network security checking process and reports network administrator through email and sends alert message in case of severe vulnerability.
网络安全检查是对网络进行扫描和评估,以发现网络中的漏洞的过程。进行网络扫描是为了找出网络上的活动主机及其开放端口。单一的安全检查工具不能提供可靠的结果。在这个项目中,我们提出了一个框架,其中包含多个用于网络扫描和脆弱性评估的工具。该框架是尹俊和元泰森提出的框架的延伸。该框架还包含警报和报告系统。框架的报告系统向网络管理员发送电子邮件,其中包含网络安全检查过程的详细报告。告警系统在发现网络中存在严重威胁时,向网络管理员发送短信。我们实现了提出的框架,并开发了一个平台,该平台可以执行网络安全检查过程,并通过电子邮件向网络管理员报告,并在出现严重漏洞时发送警报信息。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2014 Eleventh International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)
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