Zhijun Wei, Ran Liu, G. Ding, Yusuo Jiang, Jiaxing Huang
Abstract Pollen contains vegetative and generative cells that influence the seed set. Accurate pollen assessments help understand the breeding biology of oilseed rape. In order to evaluate the number of pollen grains in a large number of samples, an effective method should be designed. A new method was established to evaluate the pollen counts of five oilseed rape cultivars. This method mainly relies on 5% sucrose + 0.1% agar solution to suspend the pollen and uses a standard curve corresponding to the absorbance and the number of pollen grains to estimate the number of pollen grains. The linear fit formula of this standard curve was precision, and the R2 value between the pollen count and absorbance reached 0.998. Furthermore, the variation in the pollen counts at three flowering stages and on two kinds of stamens was assessed. The pollen count per flower varied significantly among oilseed rape cultivars and flowering stages (GLM: p<0.001). Moreover, the number of pollen grains on long-stamen anthers was significantly higher than that on short-stamen anthers (GLM: p<0.001). In conclusion, we established a rapid, accurate method for quantifying pollen grains based on absorbance determined in a liquid suspension by light spectroscopy, which is a feasible method. In addition, the number of pollen grains under different physiological conditions also provides basic data for oilseed rape breeding.
{"title":"Pollen Count Dynamics in Rapeseed Stamens in Early Spring","authors":"Zhijun Wei, Ran Liu, G. Ding, Yusuo Jiang, Jiaxing Huang","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pollen contains vegetative and generative cells that influence the seed set. Accurate pollen assessments help understand the breeding biology of oilseed rape. In order to evaluate the number of pollen grains in a large number of samples, an effective method should be designed. A new method was established to evaluate the pollen counts of five oilseed rape cultivars. This method mainly relies on 5% sucrose + 0.1% agar solution to suspend the pollen and uses a standard curve corresponding to the absorbance and the number of pollen grains to estimate the number of pollen grains. The linear fit formula of this standard curve was precision, and the R2 value between the pollen count and absorbance reached 0.998. Furthermore, the variation in the pollen counts at three flowering stages and on two kinds of stamens was assessed. The pollen count per flower varied significantly among oilseed rape cultivars and flowering stages (GLM: p<0.001). Moreover, the number of pollen grains on long-stamen anthers was significantly higher than that on short-stamen anthers (GLM: p<0.001). In conclusion, we established a rapid, accurate method for quantifying pollen grains based on absorbance determined in a liquid suspension by light spectroscopy, which is a feasible method. In addition, the number of pollen grains under different physiological conditions also provides basic data for oilseed rape breeding.","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"151 ","pages":"103 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cold temperatures limit the survival and reproduction of honeybees. Therefore, successful overwintering is crucial for the survival of honeybee colonies and the pollination of flowering plants in the following spring. This study analyzed the gut microbiota of Apis cerana from Changbai Mountain during the overwintering period through 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The analysis of microbial community composition showed that Gilliamella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Snodgrassella were the core genera in the honeybee gut during the overwintering period. Moreover, alpha diversity analysis showed that the community diversity of the gut microbiota peaked in December. Beta diversity and LEfSe analysis showed that community composition was similar in December, January and February and that such beneficial bacteria as Snodgrassella, Acetobacteraceae, and Rhizobiales were differentially abundant during this period. The results of functional prediction analysis indicate that amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and the TCA cycle play an important role in overwintering. These results suggest that the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota of A. cerana during winter and mechanisms tolerate cold stress.
{"title":"Analysis of Diversity and Composition of Apis Cerana Gut Microbiome in Overwintering Period","authors":"Nannan Liu, Wenming Lv, Hongying Lv, Zhihao San, Yulan Piao, Fenglin Li","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cold temperatures limit the survival and reproduction of honeybees. Therefore, successful overwintering is crucial for the survival of honeybee colonies and the pollination of flowering plants in the following spring. This study analyzed the gut microbiota of Apis cerana from Changbai Mountain during the overwintering period through 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The analysis of microbial community composition showed that Gilliamella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Snodgrassella were the core genera in the honeybee gut during the overwintering period. Moreover, alpha diversity analysis showed that the community diversity of the gut microbiota peaked in December. Beta diversity and LEfSe analysis showed that community composition was similar in December, January and February and that such beneficial bacteria as Snodgrassella, Acetobacteraceae, and Rhizobiales were differentially abundant during this period. The results of functional prediction analysis indicate that amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and the TCA cycle play an important role in overwintering. These results suggest that the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota of A. cerana during winter and mechanisms tolerate cold stress.","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"60 3","pages":"135 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A study was conducted to document nest intruders in newly divided colonies of stingless bees. The nature of the damage, the sequence of activities after colony division, and task allocation in the colony were studied. Three insect invaders - solitary resin bees (Megachile disjuncta, M. cephalotes), ants (Oecophylla smaragdina and Camponotus sp.) and spiders belonging to the family Salticidae and Lycosidae invaded the colonies during the earlier stages of division. The mean number of resin bees and ant invasions was significantly higher during the first week after division. Spiders invaded the hives and formed webs during the second week after division, resin and honey resources are robbed by resin bees and ants. Nest entrance closure was observed at 4.37±0.74 days after colony division guard bee activity from 6.13±1.24 days and foraging activity from 10.63±1.06 days after division. Observations on the task allocation framework after colony division indicated that 69% of bees were involved in hive entrance repair, 18% in colony architecture development, and 13% in tending to newly emerged bees from brood cells. The bees built a complex nest entrance, guarded activity and demonstrated nest closure behaviour in order to protect the nest against intruders. The results of the study are of prime importance for beekeepers to learn how to watch for hive intruders during colony division and to understand the adaptive defence mechanism to protect colonies.
{"title":"Adaptive Defence Strategies of the Stingless Bee, Tetragonula Iridipennis Smith. Against Nest Intruders in a Newly Divided Colony","authors":"Udayakumar Amala, Venu Hunasikote Shamappa, Chandramanu Kandikere, Shylesha Arakalagud Nanjundaiah, Shivalingaswamy T. Maharudrappa","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A study was conducted to document nest intruders in newly divided colonies of stingless bees. The nature of the damage, the sequence of activities after colony division, and task allocation in the colony were studied. Three insect invaders - solitary resin bees (Megachile disjuncta, M. cephalotes), ants (Oecophylla smaragdina and Camponotus sp.) and spiders belonging to the family Salticidae and Lycosidae invaded the colonies during the earlier stages of division. The mean number of resin bees and ant invasions was significantly higher during the first week after division. Spiders invaded the hives and formed webs during the second week after division, resin and honey resources are robbed by resin bees and ants. Nest entrance closure was observed at 4.37±0.74 days after colony division guard bee activity from 6.13±1.24 days and foraging activity from 10.63±1.06 days after division. Observations on the task allocation framework after colony division indicated that 69% of bees were involved in hive entrance repair, 18% in colony architecture development, and 13% in tending to newly emerged bees from brood cells. The bees built a complex nest entrance, guarded activity and demonstrated nest closure behaviour in order to protect the nest against intruders. The results of the study are of prime importance for beekeepers to learn how to watch for hive intruders during colony division and to understand the adaptive defence mechanism to protect colonies.","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"40 21","pages":"91 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting Pollination and Pollinators in Farming","authors":"Peter Kevan, Susan Willis Chan","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"97 4","pages":"147 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Pesticides are one of the elements that lead to the decline in honeybee populations. Honey bee while foraging collect nectar and pollen from various crops, can be exposed to pesticide residues, which may be transported into their colonies and consumed by the larvae. The objective of this study was to evaluate acute toxicity of fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin, two commonly detected pesticides within beehives, on the larvae of Apis mellifera. The testes chemicals were given to three-day old larvae. Treatments were administered using a micropipette at the bottom of each chosen comb cell. Each treatment included sixty larvae per dosage and the experiment was repeated three times. Larvae were given only acetone in the control treatment. Fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin were toxic to the larvae of A. mellifera with LD50 values of 0.163 and 0.83 μg/larvae, respectively after seven days of exposure. The maximum mortality of 81.35% was recorded with a dose of 0.38 μg/larvae in Fipronil, whereas in lambda-cyhalothrin, it was 94.23% with a dose of 1.70 μg/larvae.
{"title":"Toxicity of Insecticides with Different Modes of Action to Apis Mellifera Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)","authors":"Mohammad Abdul Waseem, Meena Thakur","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pesticides are one of the elements that lead to the decline in honeybee populations. Honey bee while foraging collect nectar and pollen from various crops, can be exposed to pesticide residues, which may be transported into their colonies and consumed by the larvae. The objective of this study was to evaluate acute toxicity of fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin, two commonly detected pesticides within beehives, on the larvae of Apis mellifera. The testes chemicals were given to three-day old larvae. Treatments were administered using a micropipette at the bottom of each chosen comb cell. Each treatment included sixty larvae per dosage and the experiment was repeated three times. Larvae were given only acetone in the control treatment. Fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin were toxic to the larvae of A. mellifera with LD50 values of 0.163 and 0.83 μg/larvae, respectively after seven days of exposure. The maximum mortality of 81.35% was recorded with a dose of 0.38 μg/larvae in Fipronil, whereas in lambda-cyhalothrin, it was 94.23% with a dose of 1.70 μg/larvae.","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"654 ","pages":"115 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Our study tested the pollination effectiveness of the megachilid bee Osmia bicornis L. (syn. Osmia rufa) on three apple cultivars (cv.): Lobo, Piros and Champion. The following pollination treatments were compared for each cultivar: insect pollination - caged trees with Osmia bicornis (syn. Osmia rufa) bees; open pollination - uncaged trees; self-pollination - caged trees without bees. Pollination success was measured based on the percentage of fruit set, the fruit yield per tree (measured as number of fruits and total fruit weight) and the number of seeds per fruit. Generally, there was a higher percentage of initial fruit-set and fruits at harvest on open-pollinated trees than on caged trees without bees, with an intermediate value recorded for caged trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa). However, the fruit set on trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa) was high and ranged from 49 to 69%, depending on the cultivar. The cv. Lobo trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa) and open-pollinated trees produced higher fruit yields than without bees. Furthermore, the number of seeds per fruit was higher. Fruit yield and the number of seeds per fruit were higher for trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa) than for caged trees without insects but lower than for open pollination trees of cv. Piros and cv. Lobo.
摘要 我们的研究测试了巨蜂茭白对三个苹果栽培品种（cv.）的授粉效果：Lobo、Piros 和 Champion。对每种栽培品种的授粉处理进行了比较：昆虫授粉--笼子里的树上有茭白蜂；开放授粉--没有笼子的树；自授粉--没有蜜蜂的笼子里的树。授粉成功率的衡量标准是坐果率、每棵树的果实产量（以果实数量和果实总重量衡量）以及每个果实的种子数量。一般来说，开放授粉树的初次坐果率和收获时的果实率均高于无蜜蜂的笼养树，而由 O. bicornis（同义 O. rufa）授粉的笼养树则处于中间值。不过，由 O. bicornis（同义词 O. rufa）授粉的果树坐果率很高，根据栽培品种的不同，坐果率从 49% 到 69% 不等。由 O. rufa 授粉的 cv.由双角蜂（O. rufa）授粉的 Lobo 树和开放授粉的树比没有蜜蜂授粉的树产量更高。此外，每个果实的种子数量也更多。由双角蜂（O. bicornis，同义）授粉的果树的果实产量和每颗果实的种子数均高于没有蜜蜂授粉的笼养果树，但低于开放授粉的 Piros 和 Rufa 品种。Piros 和 cv.洛波。
{"title":"Effect of Pollination by the Osmia Bicornis (syn. O. rufa) Bee on Fruit Set, Seed Set and Yield in Three Apple Cultivars","authors":"M. Fliszkiewicz, K. Giejdasz","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our study tested the pollination effectiveness of the megachilid bee Osmia bicornis L. (syn. Osmia rufa) on three apple cultivars (cv.): Lobo, Piros and Champion. The following pollination treatments were compared for each cultivar: insect pollination - caged trees with Osmia bicornis (syn. Osmia rufa) bees; open pollination - uncaged trees; self-pollination - caged trees without bees. Pollination success was measured based on the percentage of fruit set, the fruit yield per tree (measured as number of fruits and total fruit weight) and the number of seeds per fruit. Generally, there was a higher percentage of initial fruit-set and fruits at harvest on open-pollinated trees than on caged trees without bees, with an intermediate value recorded for caged trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa). However, the fruit set on trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa) was high and ranged from 49 to 69%, depending on the cultivar. The cv. Lobo trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa) and open-pollinated trees produced higher fruit yields than without bees. Furthermore, the number of seeds per fruit was higher. Fruit yield and the number of seeds per fruit were higher for trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa) than for caged trees without insects but lower than for open pollination trees of cv. Piros and cv. Lobo.","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"171 ","pages":"125 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateusz Plotnik, P. Bieńkowski, E. Berbeć, A. Murawska, Krzysztof Latarowski, P. Migdał
Abstract The honey bee has a significant environmental and economic impact. While collecting food or water, bees are exposed to negative physical and chemical factors that lead to physiological and behavioral changes and, consequently, even death. Along with the development of technology and communication, electromagnetic fields produced by artificial emitters have begun to have an impact on the environment. The aim of the study was to check whether the electromagnetic field also impacts antioxidant enzymes functioning in the honey bee's organism. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions, and one-day and seven-day-old honey bee workers were used in the experiment. Honey bee workers were exposed to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50Hz and variable intensity in the range of 1–10 kV/m. Immediately after the end of the exposure, hemolymph was collected from the bees for biochemical analysis. The results of the research did not show clearly whether changes in the activity of biochemical markers were affected by the time spent in the electromagnetic field or its intensity but did show that there was a difference in physiology between one-day-old and seven-day-old bees.
{"title":"Influence of Electromagnetic Field with Frequency of 50 Hz in form of Doses on Selected Biochemical Markers of Honey Bee","authors":"Mateusz Plotnik, P. Bieńkowski, E. Berbeć, A. Murawska, Krzysztof Latarowski, P. Migdał","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The honey bee has a significant environmental and economic impact. While collecting food or water, bees are exposed to negative physical and chemical factors that lead to physiological and behavioral changes and, consequently, even death. Along with the development of technology and communication, electromagnetic fields produced by artificial emitters have begun to have an impact on the environment. The aim of the study was to check whether the electromagnetic field also impacts antioxidant enzymes functioning in the honey bee's organism. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions, and one-day and seven-day-old honey bee workers were used in the experiment. Honey bee workers were exposed to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50Hz and variable intensity in the range of 1–10 kV/m. Immediately after the end of the exposure, hemolymph was collected from the bees for biochemical analysis. The results of the research did not show clearly whether changes in the activity of biochemical markers were affected by the time spent in the electromagnetic field or its intensity but did show that there was a difference in physiology between one-day-old and seven-day-old bees.","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"27 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42125642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Tumbarski, M. Todorova, M. Topuzova, Gabriela Gineva, V. Yanakieva, Ivan Georgiev Ivanov, N. Petkova
Abstract Propolis (bee glue), a valuable biological mixture produced by European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), is widely used as a remedy in traditional and alternative medicine, as an effective food biopreservative and as a nutritional value enhancer. The present study aimed to investigate eighty propolis samples collected from all twenty-eight districts of Bulgaria in the period of 2020–2022 in order to determine their physicochemical properties as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. The raw propolis samples exhibited brown or green colour depending on the climatic zone from which they are collected and pH values from 4.82 to 5.87, while the moisture content ranged between 0.98% and 2.97%. The total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) varied from 63.14 mg GAE/g to 737.27 mg GAE/g, and from 29.22 mg QE/g to 234.17 mg QE/g, respectively. The propolis samples demonstrated significant antioxidant potential determined by DPPH and FRAP methods, from 18.56 mM TE/g to 1598.66 mM TE/g and from 82.28 mM TE/g to 1208.81 mM TE/g, respectively, whose values showed a positive correlation (r2) with the TPC and TFC. The results from the antimicrobial screening revealed that the methanolic propolis extracts in concentration of 20 mg/ml exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the Gram-positive bacteria such as Micrococcus luteus 2YC-YT, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes NBIMCC 8632 and Listeria innocua ATCC 33090.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Propolis Collected from Different Regions of Bulgaria","authors":"Y. Tumbarski, M. Todorova, M. Topuzova, Gabriela Gineva, V. Yanakieva, Ivan Georgiev Ivanov, N. Petkova","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Propolis (bee glue), a valuable biological mixture produced by European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), is widely used as a remedy in traditional and alternative medicine, as an effective food biopreservative and as a nutritional value enhancer. The present study aimed to investigate eighty propolis samples collected from all twenty-eight districts of Bulgaria in the period of 2020–2022 in order to determine their physicochemical properties as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. The raw propolis samples exhibited brown or green colour depending on the climatic zone from which they are collected and pH values from 4.82 to 5.87, while the moisture content ranged between 0.98% and 2.97%. The total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) varied from 63.14 mg GAE/g to 737.27 mg GAE/g, and from 29.22 mg QE/g to 234.17 mg QE/g, respectively. The propolis samples demonstrated significant antioxidant potential determined by DPPH and FRAP methods, from 18.56 mM TE/g to 1598.66 mM TE/g and from 82.28 mM TE/g to 1208.81 mM TE/g, respectively, whose values showed a positive correlation (r2) with the TPC and TFC. The results from the antimicrobial screening revealed that the methanolic propolis extracts in concentration of 20 mg/ml exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the Gram-positive bacteria such as Micrococcus luteus 2YC-YT, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes NBIMCC 8632 and Listeria innocua ATCC 33090.","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"37 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43567607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Surveys were conducted in Malatya and Elazığ provinces of Eastern Türkiye between 2018–2019 to detect the presence and distribution of Deformed wing virus (DWV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and Black queen cell virus (BQCV) infecting honey bees and Varroa mites. Thirty Varroa mites feeding on honey bees and 147 honey bees were collected from twenty-five apiaries of Malatya and fifteen apiaries of Elazığ. The collected samples were subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All tested viruses were found to be present in the samples singly or as mixed infections. The prevalence of the viruses were 23.81%, 12.93%, and 10.20% for DWV, ABPV and BQCV, respectively. Five out of thirty Varroa mites tested for the viruses were found to be infected only with DWV. Randomly chosen sequences of each detected virus’s partial polyprotein gene region were registered in GenBank under the accession numbers OP805878, OP805879, OP805880, OP805887, OP805888, OP805889, OP805890, OP805891 (DWV), OP805881, OP805882, OP805883, OP805884 (ABPV) and OP805885, OP805886 (BQCV). The phylogenetic tree of the viral isolates were compared with the world isolates. DWV isolates were found to be closely related to the UK, Lebanon, Türkiye, France, Germany and Israel isolates, whereas ABPV isolates were related to Türkiye, South Africa, Slovenia, Serbia, France, Hungary, Syria and USA isolates and BQCV isolates were related to China, South Korea, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Poland, South Africa, Australia and Sweden isolates. The presence of DWV, ABPV and BQCV infections in Malatya and Elazığ provinces of Türkiye is revealed for the first time in this study.
{"title":"Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Deformed Wing, Acute Bee Paralysis and Black Queen Cell Viruses Infecting Honey Bees and Varroa Mites","authors":"Songül Aydın, H. Oksal","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Surveys were conducted in Malatya and Elazığ provinces of Eastern Türkiye between 2018–2019 to detect the presence and distribution of Deformed wing virus (DWV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and Black queen cell virus (BQCV) infecting honey bees and Varroa mites. Thirty Varroa mites feeding on honey bees and 147 honey bees were collected from twenty-five apiaries of Malatya and fifteen apiaries of Elazığ. The collected samples were subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All tested viruses were found to be present in the samples singly or as mixed infections. The prevalence of the viruses were 23.81%, 12.93%, and 10.20% for DWV, ABPV and BQCV, respectively. Five out of thirty Varroa mites tested for the viruses were found to be infected only with DWV. Randomly chosen sequences of each detected virus’s partial polyprotein gene region were registered in GenBank under the accession numbers OP805878, OP805879, OP805880, OP805887, OP805888, OP805889, OP805890, OP805891 (DWV), OP805881, OP805882, OP805883, OP805884 (ABPV) and OP805885, OP805886 (BQCV). The phylogenetic tree of the viral isolates were compared with the world isolates. DWV isolates were found to be closely related to the UK, Lebanon, Türkiye, France, Germany and Israel isolates, whereas ABPV isolates were related to Türkiye, South Africa, Slovenia, Serbia, France, Hungary, Syria and USA isolates and BQCV isolates were related to China, South Korea, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Poland, South Africa, Australia and Sweden isolates. The presence of DWV, ABPV and BQCV infections in Malatya and Elazığ provinces of Türkiye is revealed for the first time in this study.","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"73 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43099341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran Liu, Zhijun Wei, Cheng Liang, Yong-Mei Huang, G. Ding, Yusuo Jiang, Jiaxing Huang
Abstract Oilseed rape is an economically important crop and provides a good nectar resource. In this study, the nectar secretion characteristics of five winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in China were examined throughout the daytime. The correlations of corolla opening size, air temperature and relative humidity with nectar production were also determined. Different daily patterns of nectar secretion were detected in flowers opening at different times of the day, and similar trends were observed among cultivars. The nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration in flowers that opened before 9:00 peaked on the first day. The nectar volume of flowers that opened at 11:00 peaked on the second day, and the nectar sugar concentration peaked on the first day. The total nectar yield of flowers opening before 9:00 (4.422–5.265 μl) was lower than that of flowers opening at 11:00 (7.982–10.646 μl). The average nectar sugar concentration of flowers opening before 9:00 (18.4–23.3%) was higher than that of flowers opening at 11:00 (15.3–17.5%). The nectar volume was positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity, while the nectar sugar concentration was positively correlated with air temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity. The nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration were positively correlated with corolla opening size. The glucose/fructose ratio ranged from 0.89 to 1.44. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the nectar secretion patterns of B. napus L. and will support further studies assessing the melliferous potential of B. napus L. and the temporal dynamics of plant-pollinator interactions.
{"title":"Relationships between Flower Opening Time, Environmental Conditions, Corolla Opening Size and Nectar Production in Five Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars in China","authors":"Ran Liu, Zhijun Wei, Cheng Liang, Yong-Mei Huang, G. Ding, Yusuo Jiang, Jiaxing Huang","doi":"10.2478/jas-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Oilseed rape is an economically important crop and provides a good nectar resource. In this study, the nectar secretion characteristics of five winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in China were examined throughout the daytime. The correlations of corolla opening size, air temperature and relative humidity with nectar production were also determined. Different daily patterns of nectar secretion were detected in flowers opening at different times of the day, and similar trends were observed among cultivars. The nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration in flowers that opened before 9:00 peaked on the first day. The nectar volume of flowers that opened at 11:00 peaked on the second day, and the nectar sugar concentration peaked on the first day. The total nectar yield of flowers opening before 9:00 (4.422–5.265 μl) was lower than that of flowers opening at 11:00 (7.982–10.646 μl). The average nectar sugar concentration of flowers opening before 9:00 (18.4–23.3%) was higher than that of flowers opening at 11:00 (15.3–17.5%). The nectar volume was positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity, while the nectar sugar concentration was positively correlated with air temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity. The nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration were positively correlated with corolla opening size. The glucose/fructose ratio ranged from 0.89 to 1.44. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the nectar secretion patterns of B. napus L. and will support further studies assessing the melliferous potential of B. napus L. and the temporal dynamics of plant-pollinator interactions.","PeriodicalId":14941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Apicultural Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"57 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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