Hani M. El-Zaiat, Waleed Al-Marzooqi, Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
Recently, the potential of using chitosan (CHI) as a feed additive to enhance ruminal fermentation and improve animal performance has gained increasing attention in ruminant nutrition. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of CHI on rumen fermentation attributes and microbial composition, digestibility and milk performance in Dhofari goats. Twenty-four lactating goats (27 ± 1.8 kg of initial live body weight) were fed a control diet comprising of Rhodes grass hay plus a concentrate feed mixture. Goats were assigned to one of three experimental treatments (n = 8 per treatment) as: (1) control diet with no supplement (CTRL), (2) control diet with 0.300 g/day CHI (CHI0.3) and (3) control diet supplemented with 0.600 g/day CHI (CHI0.6) for a 45-day experimental period. Dietary supplementation with increasing doses of CHI decreased (p < 0.05) linearly ruminal pH (p = 0.023), total short chain fatty acids concentrations (p = 0.011), acetate (p = 0.013) and butyrate (p = 0.042) proportions, acetate to propionate ratio (p < 0.001), estimated methane (CH4) production (p < 0.001), ammonia nitrogen concentrations (p = 0.003) and protozoa abundance (p = 0.003). However, the ruminal propionate proportion augmented (p = 0.002) linearly with increasing doses of CHI in the diet. Increasing doses of CHI linearly increased the abundance of the ruminal propionate-producing bacteria, while diminished acetate and CH4-producing bacteria (p < 0.05). Serum total protein (p = 0.037) and glucose (p = 0.042) levels linearly increased as CHI doses increased in the diet. However, serum UREA levels decreased linearly (p = 0.002) by 21% with increasing CHI amounts in the diet. The digestibility of organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre increased linearly with the increasing CHI doses (p < 0.05). Neither linear nor quadratic responses (p > 0.05) were observed in daily milk yield and feed efficiency by supplementing the diet with CHI. In conclusion, supplementing the diet with CHI at a dose of 0.600 g/day as a feed additive for dairy goats reduced estimated CH4 generation and improved fibre and protein digestion, with no influence on feed intake, milk yield or composition.
最近，使用壳聚糖（CHI）作为饲料添加剂来增强瘤胃发酵和提高动物生产性能的潜力在反刍动物营养学中越来越受到关注。本研究旨在调查日粮中添加不同剂量的壳聚糖（CHI）对多法里山羊瘤胃发酵属性、微生物组成、消化率和产奶性能的影响。24 只泌乳山羊（初始活体重为 27 ± 1.8 千克）的对照组日粮由罗得岛干草和精饲料混合物组成。山羊被分配到三个实验处理之一（每个处理 8 只），即(1) 不添加补充剂的对照组日粮（CTRL）；(2) 添加 0.300 克/天 CHI 的对照组日粮（CHI0.3）；(3) 添加 0.600 克/天 CHI 的对照组日粮（CHI0.6），试验期为 45 天。日粮中添加的 CHI 剂量越大，产奶量和饲料效率越低（p 4）（p 0.05）。总之，在日粮中添加 0.600 克/天剂量的 CHI 作为奶山羊饲料添加剂，可减少估计的 CH4 产生量，改善纤维和蛋白质消化，但对采食量、产奶量或成分没有影响。
{"title":"Effects of Chitosan-Based Additive on Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Community, Nutrients Digestibility and Lactation Performance in Goats","authors":"Hani M. El-Zaiat, Waleed Al-Marzooqi, Kaadhia Al-Kharousi","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recently, the potential of using chitosan (CHI) as a feed additive to enhance ruminal fermentation and improve animal performance has gained increasing attention in ruminant nutrition. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of CHI on rumen fermentation attributes and microbial composition, digestibility and milk performance in Dhofari goats. Twenty-four lactating goats (27 ± 1.8 kg of initial live body weight) were fed a control diet comprising of Rhodes grass hay plus a concentrate feed mixture. Goats were assigned to one of three experimental treatments (<i>n</i> = 8 per treatment) as: (1) control diet with no supplement (CTRL), (2) control diet with 0.300 g/day CHI (CHI0.3) and (3) control diet supplemented with 0.600 g/day CHI (CHI0.6) for a 45-day experimental period. Dietary supplementation with increasing doses of CHI decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) linearly ruminal pH (<i>p</i> = 0.023), total short chain fatty acids concentrations (<i>p</i> = 0.011), acetate (<i>p</i> = 0.013) and butyrate (<i>p</i> = 0.042) proportions, acetate to propionate ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.001), estimated methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) production (<i>p</i> < 0.001), ammonia nitrogen concentrations (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and protozoa abundance (<i>p</i> = 0.003). However, the ruminal propionate proportion augmented (<i>p</i> = 0.002) linearly with increasing doses of CHI in the diet. Increasing doses of CHI linearly increased the abundance of the ruminal propionate-producing bacteria, while diminished acetate and CH<sub>4</sub>-producing bacteria (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Serum total protein (<i>p</i> = 0.037) and glucose (<i>p</i> = 0.042) levels linearly increased as CHI doses increased in the diet. However, serum UREA levels decreased linearly (<i>p</i> = 0.002) by 21% with increasing CHI amounts in the diet. The digestibility of organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre increased linearly with the increasing CHI doses (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Neither linear nor quadratic responses (<i>p</i> > 0.05) were observed in daily milk yield and feed efficiency by supplementing the diet with CHI. In conclusion, supplementing the diet with CHI at a dose of 0.600 g/day as a feed additive for dairy goats reduced estimated CH<sub>4</sub> generation and improved fibre and protein digestion, with no influence on feed intake, milk yield or composition.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"338-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diseases are major constraints to developing large-scale aquaculture practices in many countries. For decades, synthetic chemotherapeutic agents have been widely applied both as prophylactics and therapeutics to inhibit and control aquatic disease outbreaks. However, their use has become more restricted due to the negative impacts they have on the environment, the host and humans, as well as their limitations in preventing the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants and seaweeds as potential alternatives to antibiotics and other synthetic chemotherapeutics. Medicinal plants and seaweeds can enhance the immune systems of animals, thereby providing protection against numerous diseases while minimizing the adverse effects associated with synthetic chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, the advantages of medicinal plants and seaweeds, such as their effectiveness, easy availability and ability to be applied on a large scale, make them appealing for use in the aquaculture industry. The main goal of this study was to review the existing knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants and seaweeds, as well as their extracts, on shrimp growth, immune response and disease resistance against bacterial and viral agents. Moreover, this paper discusses the application of seaweeds in shrimp culture. We also conducted a literature review to identify gaps in the research and provide recommendations for further advancement in this field of study. Further studies should focus on evaluating other physiological aspects, such as feed and mineral utilization, enzyme activities and histological examination.
{"title":"An Overview of the Biological Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Medicinal Plants and Seaweeds in the Shrimp Culture","authors":"Sajjad Pourmozaffar, Miriam Reverter, Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Mohammad Khalil Pazir, Noora Barzkar, Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh, Behzad Sarvi, Marzieh Abolfathi, Ibrahim Adeshina, Siamak Behzadi, Abdullateef Raji","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diseases are major constraints to developing large-scale aquaculture practices in many countries. For decades, synthetic chemotherapeutic agents have been widely applied both as prophylactics and therapeutics to inhibit and control aquatic disease outbreaks. However, their use has become more restricted due to the negative impacts they have on the environment, the host and humans, as well as their limitations in preventing the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants and seaweeds as potential alternatives to antibiotics and other synthetic chemotherapeutics. Medicinal plants and seaweeds can enhance the immune systems of animals, thereby providing protection against numerous diseases while minimizing the adverse effects associated with synthetic chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, the advantages of medicinal plants and seaweeds, such as their effectiveness, easy availability and ability to be applied on a large scale, make them appealing for use in the aquaculture industry. The main goal of this study was to review the existing knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants and seaweeds, as well as their extracts, on shrimp growth, immune response and disease resistance against bacterial and viral agents. Moreover, this paper discusses the application of seaweeds in shrimp culture. We also conducted a literature review to identify gaps in the research and provide recommendations for further advancement in this field of study. Further studies should focus on evaluating other physiological aspects, such as feed and mineral utilization, enzyme activities and histological examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"291-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out to isolate, identify, and characterize bacterial probiotic strain from the gut of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass carp) and then to study its effect on growth, digestive enzymes and immunity of Labeo rohita fingerlings. A total of 6 gram-positive bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus spp. (3), Bacillus spp. (2) and Staphylococcus spp. (1), were identified biochemically. Based on the biochemical results, the isolate GCLP4 was selected for molecular confirmation and BLAST analysis showed maximum homology with Lactobacillus plantarum (100% ident). Fish were fed for 60 days with diet containing 0 (T0), 105 (T1), 107 (T2), 109 (T3) cfu/g diet of L. plantarum GCLP4 and 105 (T4) of commercial probiotics. Results shows that supplementation of GCLP4 had significantly (p < 0.05) improve weight gain (%), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of L. rohita with better values in T3 group. The immunological parameters (white blood cell, red blood cell, haemoglobin, total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly higher (p < 0.05) with 107 and 109Lactobacillus GCLP4 cfu/g diet. The digestive enzyme activities (protease, amylase and lipase) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher, particularly, with 109Lactobacillus GCLP4 cfu/g of diet. All the groups supplemented with GCLP4 including the commercial probiotics have lower (p < 0.05) activities of serum transaminase enzymes along with lower (p < 0.005) level of glucose as compared to the control group. The results of the study collectively suggest that dietary L. plantarum GCLP4 at 109 cfu/g is an effective probiotic obtained from grass carp having potency to promote growth, digestive enzymes and immune-biochemical indices of L. rohita fingerlings in present culture condition.
{"title":"Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus plantarum GCLP4 Derived From the Gut of Ctenopharyngodon idella Modulates Growth, Digestive Enzymes and Immune-Biochemical Parameters of Labeo rohita Fingerlings","authors":"Rubina Yasmin, Pabitra Kumar Saharia, Inam Akhtar Hussain, Avinash Talukdar, Sangipran Baishya, Kaustubh Bhagawati, Dipak kr Sarma, Arnab Narayan Patowary, Kamaleswar Kalita, Utpal Kumar Das, Aprajita Singh","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14054","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study was carried out to isolate, identify, and characterize bacterial probiotic strain from the gut of <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i> (Grass carp) and then to study its effect on growth, digestive enzymes and immunity of <i>Labeo rohita</i> fingerlings. A total of 6 gram-positive bacteria belonging to the genus <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. (3), <i>Bacillus</i> spp. (2) and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (1), were identified biochemically. Based on the biochemical results, the isolate GCLP4 was selected for molecular confirmation and BLAST analysis showed maximum homology with <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (100% ident). Fish were fed for 60 days with diet containing 0 (T0), 10<sup>5</sup> (T1), 10<sup>7</sup> (T2), 10<sup>9</sup> (T3) cfu/g diet of <i>L. plantarum</i> GCLP4 and 10<sup>5</sup> (T4) of commercial probiotics. Results shows that supplementation of GCLP4 had significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improve weight gain (%), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of <i>L. rohita</i> with better values in T3 group. The immunological parameters (white blood cell, red blood cell, haemoglobin, total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with 10<sup>7</sup> and 10<sup>9</sup> <i>Lactobacillus</i> GCLP4 cfu/g diet. The digestive enzyme activities (protease, amylase and lipase) were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher, particularly, with 10<sup>9</sup> <i>Lactobacillus</i> GCLP4 cfu/g of diet. All the groups supplemented with GCLP4 including the commercial probiotics have lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) activities of serum transaminase enzymes along with lower (<i>p</i> < 0.005) level of glucose as compared to the control group. The results of the study collectively suggest that dietary <i>L. plantarum</i> GCLP4 at 10<sup>9</sup> cfu/g is an effective probiotic obtained from grass carp having potency to promote growth, digestive enzymes and immune-biochemical indices of <i>L. rohita</i> fingerlings in present culture condition.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"268-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chun Fu, Waqas A. Cheema, Muhammad Mobashar, Assar A. Shah, Muhammed M. Alqahtani
Insects are emerging as a promising alternative source in animal nutrition, offering high protein content and a low environmental impression compared to traditional feed sources. This abstract explores the potential role of insects in reducing the environmental impact of livestock production. Insects such as black soldier fly larvae, mealworms, and crickets are rich in essential nutrients, including proteins, amino acids, fatty acids and so on. They can be efficiently farmed on organic waste streams, contributing to resource efficiency and waste lessening. Additionally, insect farming needs a small quantity of water, less land, and emits fewer greenhouse gases than conventional animal feed production. Despite these benefits, several challenges must be addressed to realize their potential, including regulatory approval, consumer acceptance, production scalability, and ensuring consistent nutritional quality. By overcoming these challenges through research, innovation, and policy support, insects can be integrated into mainstream animal feed systems, significantly reducing the environmental impact of livestock farming and contributing to a more sustainable agricultural future.
{"title":"Insects as Sustainable Feed: Enhancing Animal Nutrition and Reducing Livestock Environmental Impression","authors":"Chun Fu, Waqas A. Cheema, Muhammad Mobashar, Assar A. Shah, Muhammed M. Alqahtani","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insects are emerging as a promising alternative source in animal nutrition, offering high protein content and a low environmental impression compared to traditional feed sources. This abstract explores the potential role of insects in reducing the environmental impact of livestock production. Insects such as black soldier fly larvae, mealworms, and crickets are rich in essential nutrients, including proteins, amino acids, fatty acids and so on. They can be efficiently farmed on organic waste streams, contributing to resource efficiency and waste lessening. Additionally, insect farming needs a small quantity of water, less land, and emits fewer greenhouse gases than conventional animal feed production. Despite these benefits, several challenges must be addressed to realize their potential, including regulatory approval, consumer acceptance, production scalability, and ensuring consistent nutritional quality. By overcoming these challenges through research, innovation, and policy support, insects can be integrated into mainstream animal feed systems, significantly reducing the environmental impact of livestock farming and contributing to a more sustainable agricultural future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"280-290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed I. Hassan, Saber S. Hassan, Farid N. K. Soliman, Mohamed H. Khalil
Royal jelly renowned for its robust nutritional, functional, and biological properties, is a pivotal product derived from honeybees. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the theory that in ovo injection of freeze-dried royal jelly (FDRJ) solutions at varying concentrations can influence the hatchability, blood properties and hatching characteristics of day-old chicks. A total of 480 eggs (54.81 ± 0.187 g) were allocated into four experimental groups: negative control (NC), without injection, positive control (PC), administered with regular saline, a low FDRJ dose group (9 mg/egg), and a high FDRJ dose group (18 mg/egg). The in ovo injections were administered on Day 18 of incubation, and the experiment was subsequently continued until the incubation period concluded at 21 days. Results revealed that the lower FDRJ dose (9 mg/egg) significantly improved hatchability percentages compared to other treatments. Conversely, the higher FDRJ dose (18 mg/egg) and control groups (NC and PC) resulted in significantly higher chick yield percentages than the lower FDRJ and PC groups. The NC group showed the supreme yolk sac (YS) percentage, whereas the yolk-free body mass (YFBM) percentages displayed an inverse trend. Furthermore, the in ovo FDRJ injection did not affect haematological values or the relative organ weight of day-old chicks. In conclusion, in ovo FDRJ injection demonstrated beneficial effects on hatchability and chick weight, as evidenced by the studied parameters.
{"title":"Effects of In Ovo Administration of Freeze-Dried Royal Jelly on Hatchability, Blood Parameters, and Organ Weights of Day-Old Chicks","authors":"Mohamed I. Hassan, Saber S. Hassan, Farid N. K. Soliman, Mohamed H. Khalil","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Royal jelly renowned for its robust nutritional, functional, and biological properties, is a pivotal product derived from honeybees. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the theory that in ovo injection of freeze-dried royal jelly (FDRJ) solutions at varying concentrations can influence the hatchability, blood properties and hatching characteristics of day-old chicks. A total of 480 eggs (54.81 ± 0.187 g) were allocated into four experimental groups: negative control (NC), without injection, positive control (PC), administered with regular saline, a low FDRJ dose group (9 mg/egg), and a high FDRJ dose group (18 mg/egg). The in ovo injections were administered on Day 18 of incubation, and the experiment was subsequently continued until the incubation period concluded at 21 days. Results revealed that the lower FDRJ dose (9 mg/egg) significantly improved hatchability percentages compared to other treatments. Conversely, the higher FDRJ dose (18 mg/egg) and control groups (NC and PC) resulted in significantly higher chick yield percentages than the lower FDRJ and PC groups. The NC group showed the supreme yolk sac (YS) percentage, whereas the yolk-free body mass (YFBM) percentages displayed an inverse trend. Furthermore, the in ovo FDRJ injection did not affect haematological values or the relative organ weight of day-old chicks. In conclusion, in ovo FDRJ injection demonstrated beneficial effects on hatchability and chick weight, as evidenced by the studied parameters.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Hilevski, Trinidad Cordero, Ma. Soledad Moleón, Enzo Cabaña, Matias Belotti, Pablo Siroski
The impact of plant-based diets on crocodilians is unclear. Serum profiles and histomorphometry provide valuable insights into their nutritional and physiological status. This study aims to elucidate the impact of three levels of soybean meal substitution combined chicken by-product minced on the growth and health of broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris). The research assesses the effects of diets supplemented with soybean meal on the blood biochemical profile, intestinal histomorphometry, and hepatic parameters of C. latirostris, providing essential information for understanding on the implications of dietary changes in this species. Forty-eight 6-month-old broad-snouted caimans were assigned to three dietary groups (0%, 25%, 40% soybean meal). Over a period of 90 days, data on growth, food consumption, serum biochemical analysis, intestinal and hepatic morphometry were recorded. The results showed that diets containing higher levels of soybean meal did not significantly affect growth, feed intake or serum profiles of total protein, albumin and cholesterol. However, changes in intestinal morphology were observed, with longer and wider villi in the animals feed with diets with soybean meal, indicating a gradual adaptation to new feeding diets. The presence of soybean meal reduced serum glucose and triglyceride profiles and hepatic lipid accumulation without affecting macronutrient digestion and absorption, considered beneficial for the caiman's health. This study provides valuable insights into the inclusion of soybean meal in the diet of Caiman latirostris and its effects on the intestines, liver, and physiology. It also highlights the importance of considering nutritional management as a key tool in improving the well-being and health of crocodilians in captivity.
{"title":"Serum Biochemical Profile, Intestinal and Liver Histomorphometry of Captive Broad-Snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) Fed With a Diet Enriched With Soybean (Glycine max)","authors":"Samuel Hilevski, Trinidad Cordero, Ma. Soledad Moleón, Enzo Cabaña, Matias Belotti, Pablo Siroski","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The impact of plant-based diets on crocodilians is unclear. Serum profiles and histomorphometry provide valuable insights into their nutritional and physiological status. This study aims to elucidate the impact of three levels of soybean meal substitution combined chicken by-product minced on the growth and health of broad-snouted caiman (<i>Caiman latirostris</i>). The research assesses the effects of diets supplemented with soybean meal on the blood biochemical profile, intestinal histomorphometry, and hepatic parameters of <i>C. latirostris</i>, providing essential information for understanding on the implications of dietary changes in this species. Forty-eight 6-month-old broad-snouted caimans were assigned to three dietary groups (0%, 25%, 40% soybean meal). Over a period of 90 days, data on growth, food consumption, serum biochemical analysis, intestinal and hepatic morphometry were recorded. The results showed that diets containing higher levels of soybean meal did not significantly affect growth, feed intake or serum profiles of total protein, albumin and cholesterol. However, changes in intestinal morphology were observed, with longer and wider villi in the animals feed with diets with soybean meal, indicating a gradual adaptation to new feeding diets. The presence of soybean meal reduced serum glucose and triglyceride profiles and hepatic lipid accumulation without affecting macronutrient digestion and absorption, considered beneficial for the caiman's health. This study provides valuable insights into the inclusion of soybean meal in the diet of <i>Caiman latirostris</i> and its effects on the intestines, liver, and physiology. It also highlights the importance of considering nutritional management as a key tool in improving the well-being and health of crocodilians in captivity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Gilbert Pescuma, Thais Oliveira Ximenes, Caroline Alves Garcia, Eloise Cristina de Ramos, Carolina Cristina de Oliveira, Lucas Ben Fiuza Henríquez, Stephanie de Souza Theodoro, Bruna Agy Loureiro, Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi
Large dog breeds commonly produce unformed faeces. The present study hypothesised that foods for large dog breeds require higher starch gelatinisation (SG) to reduce organic matter flow to colon. Fifteen Rottweilers (Ro; 49.4 ± 6.12 kg), 18 Beagles (Be; 12.13 ± 1.75 kg) and 20 Shih-Tzus (ST; 4.62 ± 1.15 kg) were fed one of three diets, all based on the same sorghum formulation, processed to obtain three levels of SG: SG90 (91.8% SG), SG50 (50.7% SG) and SG30 (27.4% SG). Foods were provided for 23 days, and the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, faecal production and fermentation products, Na, K and Cl apparent absorption and gastrointestinal transit time (GTT) were evaluated. Results were submitted to analysis of variance considering SG, breed and their interactions, and means compared by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). All dogs promptly ate the foods. Faeces scores were lower for Ro than for Be and ST, and lower for SG30 than SG90 (p < 0.05). Faeces pH was higher, and total short-chain fatty acids were lower for SG90 than for SG50 and SG30 (p < 0.01), regardless of breed. No diet effect was observed for GTT (p > 0.05), but it was lower for Ro (41.7 ± 6.2 h) than for ST (48.7 ± 8.6 h). The CTTAD of nutrients was lower for SG30, intermediary for SG50 and higher for SG90 (p < 0.05), and among breeds CTTAD was higher for Be than ST and Ro (p < 0.05), which did not differ from each other, except for crude protein CTTAD which was lower for Ro (p < 0.05). The apparent absorption of Na and K was higher for the SG90 treatment, and for Be in comparison with Ro and ST (p < 0.05). Food SG had a remarkable influence on Ro faeces formation and on the CTTAD in all breeds. Greater fermentation in the colon and lower protein CTTAD may be involved in Ro unformed faeces formation.
{"title":"Dog Breed and Starch Gelatinisation Correlation in Food Digestibility and Faecal Traits","authors":"Mariana Gilbert Pescuma, Thais Oliveira Ximenes, Caroline Alves Garcia, Eloise Cristina de Ramos, Carolina Cristina de Oliveira, Lucas Ben Fiuza Henríquez, Stephanie de Souza Theodoro, Bruna Agy Loureiro, Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large dog breeds commonly produce unformed faeces. The present study hypothesised that foods for large dog breeds require higher starch gelatinisation (SG) to reduce organic matter flow to colon. Fifteen Rottweilers (Ro; 49.4 ± 6.12 kg), 18 Beagles (Be; 12.13 ± 1.75 kg) and 20 Shih-Tzus (ST; 4.62 ± 1.15 kg) were fed one of three diets, all based on the same sorghum formulation, processed to obtain three levels of SG: SG90 (91.8% SG), SG50 (50.7% SG) and SG30 (27.4% SG). Foods were provided for 23 days, and the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, faecal production and fermentation products, Na, K and Cl apparent absorption and gastrointestinal transit time (GTT) were evaluated. Results were submitted to analysis of variance considering SG, breed and their interactions, and means compared by the Tukey test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). All dogs promptly ate the foods. Faeces scores were lower for Ro than for Be and ST, and lower for SG30 than SG90 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Faeces pH was higher, and total short-chain fatty acids were lower for SG90 than for SG50 and SG30 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), regardless of breed. No diet effect was observed for GTT (<i>p</i> > 0.05), but it was lower for Ro (41.7 ± 6.2 h) than for ST (48.7 ± 8.6 h). The CTTAD of nutrients was lower for SG30, intermediary for SG50 and higher for SG90 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and among breeds CTTAD was higher for Be than ST and Ro (<i>p</i> < 0.05), which did not differ from each other, except for crude protein CTTAD which was lower for Ro (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The apparent absorption of Na and K was higher for the SG90 treatment, and for Be in comparison with Ro and ST (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Food SG had a remarkable influence on Ro faeces formation and on the CTTAD in all breeds. Greater fermentation in the colon and lower protein CTTAD may be involved in Ro unformed faeces formation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"243-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of rapeseed as a source of protein in broiler chicken diets has been highlighted. However, there are inconsistent findings on the performance data of broiler chickens fed rapeseed meal (RSM). Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to resolve the inconsistent findings on the effect of RSM on growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens, identify knowledge gaps and create new insights using published data. Fourteen studies on the topic were identified via a systematic search performed on bibliographic databases, and the data generated was analysed using OpenMEE software. A random-effects model was used, and effect sizes were presented as standardised mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sources of heterogeneity were evaluated using broiler strains, inclusion levels, processing methods, rearing phases and sex as moderators. In comparison with the controls, the results showed that RSM decreased feed intake (SMD = −0.29; 95% Cl: −0.41, −0.18; p < 0.001), average daily gain (SMD = −0.48; 95% Cl: −0.63, −0.32; p < 0.001), and liver weight (SMD = 1.24; 95% Cl: 0.78, 1.71; p < 0.001), but had no effect on feed conversion ratio (SMD = 0.10; 95% Cl: −0.05, 0.23; p = 0.19). Likewise, broiler chickens fed RSM had significantly reduced carcass yield, weights of thigh, abdominal fat and heart when compared with the control. Results indicate that duodenum villus height (DVH) and jejunum villus height (JVH)/crypt depth (CD) ratios were improved in broiler chickens fed RSM. Meta-regression revealed that the analysed moderators are significant predictors of feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens. In conclusion, dietary RSM negatively influenced growth performance, liver weight and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens, but improved aspects of intestinal histomorphology traits. Therefore, innovative research on processing methods that will improve the feeding value of rapeseed meal in broiler chickens is recommended.
{"title":"Productive, internal organ and intestinal histomorphological characteristics of broiler chickens in response to dietary rapeseed meal: A meta-analysis","authors":"Freddy Manyeula, Nthabiseng Amanda Sebola, Monnye Mabelebele","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of rapeseed as a source of protein in broiler chicken diets has been highlighted. However, there are inconsistent findings on the performance data of broiler chickens fed rapeseed meal (RSM). Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to resolve the inconsistent findings on the effect of RSM on growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens, identify knowledge gaps and create new insights using published data. Fourteen studies on the topic were identified via a systematic search performed on bibliographic databases, and the data generated was analysed using OpenMEE software. A random-effects model was used, and effect sizes were presented as standardised mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sources of heterogeneity were evaluated using broiler strains, inclusion levels, processing methods, rearing phases and sex as moderators. In comparison with the controls, the results showed that RSM decreased feed intake (SMD = −0.29; 95% Cl: −0.41, −0.18; <i>p</i> < 0.001), average daily gain (SMD = −0.48; 95% Cl: −0.63, −0.32; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and liver weight (SMD = 1.24; 95% Cl: 0.78, 1.71; <i>p</i> < 0.001), but had no effect on feed conversion ratio (SMD = 0.10; 95% Cl: −0.05, 0.23; <i>p</i> = 0.19). Likewise, broiler chickens fed RSM had significantly reduced carcass yield, weights of thigh, abdominal fat and heart when compared with the control. Results indicate that duodenum villus height (DVH) and jejunum villus height (JVH)/crypt depth (CD) ratios were improved in broiler chickens fed RSM. Meta-regression revealed that the analysed moderators are significant predictors of feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens. In conclusion, dietary RSM negatively influenced growth performance, liver weight and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens, but improved aspects of intestinal histomorphology traits. Therefore, innovative research on processing methods that will improve the feeding value of rapeseed meal in broiler chickens is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"211-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel C. G. Jansseune, Aart Lammers, Jürgen van Baal, Fany Blanc, Fanny Calenge, Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan, Wouter H. Hendriks
The present study aimed to confirm the previously reported ‘recovery’ effect to a challenging diet (CD) of a Lactobacilli-based probiotic (Pro) and its derived postbiotic (Post) in broilers. Identical diet compositions were used, and observations were extended to a second CD diet. A completely randomised block design of 2 × 3 treatment groups with two CDs and three additive conditions (Control, Pro, Post) was used. One additional group received a standard diet (SD). The study involved 1600 one-day-old Ross 308 male broilers. All diets, fed from d1 to 35, were formulated to contain identical nutrients levels, with CDs formulated to be greater than SD in nonstarch polysaccharides using rye and barley (Rye CD) or dry distiller grains with soluble, sunflower and rapeseed meal (DDGS CD). Growth performance parameters, footpad lesions (FPL) score and plasma Ca, P and uric acid concentrations were measured. Compared to SD, birds fed Rye CD and DDGS CD had a higher 1–35 days feed conversion ratio (+3.4 and +4.1%, respectively), due to a higher feed intake for Rye CD (+2.9%) and a lower body weight for DDGS CD (−4.1%). An effect of additive was restricted to Rye CD where Post depressed BW at d28 and d35 (−3.7 and −2.4%, respectively). Compared to Rye CD, DDGS CD lowered plasma Ca/P at d21 (−9.0%) and d35 (−8.1%) and uric acid at d21 (−26%). Pro increased plasma Ca in Rye CD at d21 (+12%) and Post decreased plasma uric acid in DDGS CD at d35 (−25%). All other plasma parameters were not affected. The previously observed recovery effect of a commercial probiotic and postbiotic were not reproducible under highly similar growth conditions, which suggests that both may have specific physiological effects which are only expressed under specific circumstances.
本研究旨在证实之前报道的以乳酸杆菌为基础的益生菌（Pro）及其衍生的后益生菌（Post）对肉鸡挑战性日粮（CD）的 "恢复 "效果。使用相同的日粮组成，并将观察结果扩展到第二种 CD 日粮。采用 2 × 3 处理组的完全随机区组设计，包括两个 CD 和三个添加剂条件（对照组、Pro 组、Post 组）。另有一组接受标准饮食（SD）。研究涉及 1600 只一天龄的 Ross 308 雄性肉鸡。从第 1 天到第 35 天饲喂的所有日粮都含有相同的营养成分，其中 CD 日粮的非淀粉多糖含量高于 SD 日粮，使用黑麦和大麦（Rye CD）或干蒸馏谷物与可溶性葵花籽和菜籽粕（DDGS CD）。对生长性能参数、蹄垫损伤（FPL）评分以及血浆中钙、磷和尿酸浓度进行了测定。与标样相比，饲喂黑麦 CD 和 DDGS CD 的家禽 1-35 天饲料转化率较高（分别为 +3.4 和 +4.1%），这是因为饲喂黑麦 CD 的家禽采食量较高（+2.9%），而饲喂 DDGS CD 的家禽体重较低（-4.1%）。添加剂的影响仅限于黑麦 CD，Post 在第 28 天和第 35 天会降低体重（分别为 -3.7% 和 -2.4%）。与黑麦 CD 相比，DDGS CD 在第 21 d（-9.0%）和第 35 d（-8.1%）降低了血浆 Ca/P，在第 21 d（-26%）降低了尿酸。Pro 增加了黑麦 CD 第 21 天的血浆 Ca（+12%），Post 降低了 DDGS CD 第 35 天的血浆尿酸（-25%）。所有其他血浆参数均未受到影响。在高度相似的生长条件下，之前观察到的商业益生菌和后益生菌的恢复效果并不具有可重复性，这表明这两种益生菌可能具有特定的生理效应，而这些效应只在特定情况下才表现出来。
{"title":"Lactobacilli-Based Pro and Postbiotic Efficacy Are Also Influenced by Other Factors Than Dietary Challenging Conditions","authors":"Samuel C. G. Jansseune, Aart Lammers, Jürgen van Baal, Fany Blanc, Fanny Calenge, Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan, Wouter H. Hendriks","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to confirm the previously reported ‘recovery’ effect to a challenging diet (CD) of a <i>Lactobacilli-</i>based probiotic (Pro) and its derived postbiotic (Post) in broilers. Identical diet compositions were used, and observations were extended to a second CD diet. A completely randomised block design of 2 × 3 treatment groups with two CDs and three additive conditions (Control, Pro, Post) was used. One additional group received a standard diet (SD). The study involved 1600 one-day-old Ross 308 male broilers. All diets, fed from d1 to 35, were formulated to contain identical nutrients levels, with CDs formulated to be greater than SD in nonstarch polysaccharides using rye and barley (Rye CD) or dry distiller grains with soluble, sunflower and rapeseed meal (DDGS CD). Growth performance parameters, footpad lesions (FPL) score and plasma Ca, P and uric acid concentrations were measured. Compared to SD, birds fed Rye CD and DDGS CD had a higher 1–35 days feed conversion ratio (+3.4 and +4.1%, respectively), due to a higher feed intake for Rye CD (+2.9%) and a lower body weight for DDGS CD (−4.1%). An effect of additive was restricted to Rye CD where Post depressed BW at d28 and d35 (−3.7 and −2.4%, respectively). Compared to Rye CD, DDGS CD lowered plasma Ca/P at d21 (−9.0%) and d35 (−8.1%) and uric acid at d21 (−26%). Pro increased plasma Ca in Rye CD at d21 (+12%) and Post decreased plasma uric acid in DDGS CD at d35 (−25%). All other plasma parameters were not affected. The previously observed recovery effect of a commercial probiotic and postbiotic were not reproducible under highly similar growth conditions, which suggests that both may have specific physiological effects which are only expressed under specific circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"203-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high circulating total cholesterol (TC) concentration increases the risk for atherosclerosis in the domestic dog. Intake of marine foods is associated with a lowering effect on circulating TC concentration in humans and rodents, but the reported effects of marine ingredients on the TC concentration in domestic dogs has not yet been reviewed. The main aim was to investigate the effects of consuming marine ingredients on the TC concentration in domestic dogs. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (domestic dogs), intervention (source and type of marine ingredients, dose, duration), comparator (control diet) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5.4.1 (the Cochrane Collaboration), comprising 12 articles with 243 dogs. Consumption of marine oils resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration relative to comparator groups (mean difference −0.70 mmol/L, 95% CI (−1.21, −0.18), p = 0.008), with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 78%). The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. We did not identify any studies using marine proteins or marine organisms other that fish. To conclude, intake of marine oils results in a lower TC concentration in dogs, thus reducing an important risk factor for atherosclerosis in canines. This study was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42023396943.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Intake of Marine Ingredients on the Circulating Total Cholesterol Concentration in Domestic Dogs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Olivia Bysheim Helland, Linnea Vikane Andreassen, Anne Sofie Fischer, Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A high circulating total cholesterol (TC) concentration increases the risk for atherosclerosis in the domestic dog. Intake of marine foods is associated with a lowering effect on circulating TC concentration in humans and rodents, but the reported effects of marine ingredients on the TC concentration in domestic dogs has not yet been reviewed. The main aim was to investigate the effects of consuming marine ingredients on the TC concentration in domestic dogs. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (domestic dogs), intervention (source and type of marine ingredients, dose, duration), comparator (control diet) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5.4.1 (the Cochrane Collaboration), comprising 12 articles with 243 dogs. Consumption of marine oils resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration relative to comparator groups (mean difference −0.70 mmol/L, 95% CI (−1.21, −0.18), <i>p</i> = 0.008), with high statistical heterogeneity (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 78%). The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. We did not identify any studies using marine proteins or marine organisms other that fish. To conclude, intake of marine oils results in a lower TC concentration in dogs, thus reducing an important risk factor for atherosclerosis in canines. This study was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42023396943.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"183-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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