A high circulating total cholesterol (TC) concentration increases the risk for atherosclerosis in the domestic dog. Intake of marine foods is associated with a lowering effect on circulating TC concentration in humans and rodents, but the reported effects of marine ingredients on the TC concentration in domestic dogs has not yet been reviewed. The main aim was to investigate the effects of consuming marine ingredients on the TC concentration in domestic dogs. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (domestic dogs), intervention (source and type of marine ingredients, dose, duration), comparator (control diet) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5.4.1 (the Cochrane Collaboration), comprising 12 articles with 243 dogs. Consumption of marine oils resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration relative to comparator groups (mean difference −0.70 mmol/L, 95% CI (−1.21, −0.18), p = 0.008), with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 78%). The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. We did not identify any studies using marine proteins or marine organisms other that fish. To conclude, intake of marine oils results in a lower TC concentration in dogs, thus reducing an important risk factor for atherosclerosis in canines. This study was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42023396943.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Intake of Marine Ingredients on the Circulating Total Cholesterol Concentration in Domestic Dogs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Olivia Bysheim Helland, Linnea Vikane Andreassen, Anne Sofie Fischer, Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A high circulating total cholesterol (TC) concentration increases the risk for atherosclerosis in the domestic dog. Intake of marine foods is associated with a lowering effect on circulating TC concentration in humans and rodents, but the reported effects of marine ingredients on the TC concentration in domestic dogs has not yet been reviewed. The main aim was to investigate the effects of consuming marine ingredients on the TC concentration in domestic dogs. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (domestic dogs), intervention (source and type of marine ingredients, dose, duration), comparator (control diet) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5.4.1 (the Cochrane Collaboration), comprising 12 articles with 243 dogs. Consumption of marine oils resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration relative to comparator groups (mean difference −0.70 mmol/L, 95% CI (−1.21, −0.18), <i>p</i> = 0.008), with high statistical heterogeneity (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 78%). The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. We did not identify any studies using marine proteins or marine organisms other that fish. To conclude, intake of marine oils results in a lower TC concentration in dogs, thus reducing an important risk factor for atherosclerosis in canines. This study was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42023396943.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"183-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ifeanyichukwu Princewill Ogbuewu, Monnye Mabelebele, Christian Anayo Mbajiorgu
Turmeric improves performance in nonruminants, but results in laying hens are not consistent. This meta-analysis assessed the performance of laying hens fed turmeric powder (TP)–based diets. Nineteen studies retrieved from Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used for the meta-analysis. The outcome variables analysed were productive indices (feed intake [FI], feed conversion ratio [FCR], hen day production [HDP], egg weight [EW], egg mass [EM]), egg quality (Haugh unit [HU], shell thickness [SHT], shell strength [SHS], yolk cholesterol [YC]), serum biochemical parameters (serum cholesterol [SC], alanine transferase [ALT], and aspartate transferase [AST]), and moderator variables (layer strains, inclusion level, feeding duration, and hen's age). All analyses were performed on OpenMEE software and the R package. A random-effects model (REM) was used and results were presented as standardised mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). The results showed that dietary TP improved FCR (SMD = −0.31; 95% CI: −0.61, −0.01; p = 0.046) and HDP (SMD = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.69; p < 0.001), but not EW, EM, HU, SHT, SHS, YC, and serum AST in layers. On the other hand, dietary TP decreased FI (SMD = −0.15; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.05; p = 0.004), SC (SMD = −75.18; 95% CI: −102.55, −47.80; p < 0.001), and ALT (SMD = −3.55; 95% CI: −4.71, −2.40; p < 0.001) in laying hens with proof of significant heterogeneity. However, meta-regression showed that layer strains and feeding duration accounted for most of the sources of heterogeneity. In conclusion, results suggest that dietary TP increased HDP and reduced FI, FCR, SC, and ALT in laying hens.
姜黄能提高非反刍动物的生产性能，但在蛋鸡中的效果并不一致。这项荟萃分析评估了以姜黄粉（TP）为基础日粮的蛋鸡的生产性能。荟萃分析使用了从 Google Scholar、Scopus、ScienceDirect、PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中检索到的 19 项研究。蛋黄胆固醇[YC]）、血清生化指标（血清胆固醇[SC]、丙氨酸转移酶[ALT]和天冬氨酸转移酶[AST]）以及调节变量（蛋鸡品系、添加水平、饲养时间和母鸡年龄）。所有分析均使用 OpenMEE 软件和 R 软件包进行。采用随机效应模型（REM），结果以标准化均值差异（SMD）和 95% 置信区间（CI）表示。结果显示，膳食 TP 可改善 FCR（SMD = -0.31；95% CI：-0.61，-0.01；p = 0.046）和 HDP（SMD = 0.49；95% CI：0.29，0.69；p = 0.046）。
{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Positive Effects of Dietary Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on Performance of Commercial Laying Hens","authors":"Ifeanyichukwu Princewill Ogbuewu, Monnye Mabelebele, Christian Anayo Mbajiorgu","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Turmeric improves performance in nonruminants, but results in laying hens are not consistent. This meta-analysis assessed the performance of laying hens fed turmeric powder (TP)–based diets. Nineteen studies retrieved from Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used for the meta-analysis. The outcome variables analysed were productive indices (feed intake [FI], feed conversion ratio [FCR], hen day production [HDP], egg weight [EW], egg mass [EM]), egg quality (Haugh unit [HU], shell thickness [SHT], shell strength [SHS], yolk cholesterol [YC]), serum biochemical parameters (serum cholesterol [SC], alanine transferase [ALT], and aspartate transferase [AST]), and moderator variables (layer strains, inclusion level, feeding duration, and hen's age). All analyses were performed on OpenMEE software and the R package. A random-effects model (REM) was used and results were presented as standardised mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). The results showed that dietary TP improved FCR (SMD = −0.31; 95% CI: −0.61, −0.01; <i>p</i> = 0.046) and HDP (SMD = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.69; <i>p</i> < 0.001), but not EW, EM, HU, SHT, SHS, YC, and serum AST in layers. On the other hand, dietary TP decreased FI (SMD = −0.15; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.05; <i>p</i> = 0.004), SC (SMD = −75.18; 95% CI: −102.55, −47.80; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and ALT (SMD = −3.55; 95% CI: −4.71, −2.40; <i>p</i> < 0.001) in laying hens with proof of significant heterogeneity. However, meta-regression showed that layer strains and feeding duration accounted for most of the sources of heterogeneity. In conclusion, results suggest that dietary TP increased HDP and reduced FI, FCR, SC, and ALT in laying hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"170-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ketema Worku, Yisehak Kechero, Geert P. J. Janssens
The formulation of multi-nutrient blocks based on low-cost and locally available browse feed resources can be a valid feeding strategy in Sub-Saharan Africa, where inadequate feed supply, both in quality and quantity, is a major constraint. We evaluated the four different inclusion percentages (M-0%, M-25%, M-35% and M-45%) of Moringa stenopetala leaf powder to multi-nutrient blocks on their change on blood metabolite of dairy cows under practical, ranging conditions. Multi-nutrient blocks with four inclusion rates of M. stenopetala leaves were applied as complementary feed for free ranging dairy cows. The study was performed on 24 free ranging dairy cows reared around Arba Minch town in the Southern Ethiopian Rift Valley. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of dairy cows both before and after supplementation. Plasma glucose, beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), urea, creatinine, triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration was quantified spectrophotometrically. Dried serum spots were subject to quantitative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to estimate changes in nutrient metabolism based on selected carnitines. Based on these measurements, the milk yield and body condition score were increased during the period of multi-nutrient block supplementation. During the supplementation period, the cows got higher plasma glucose, triglyceride and urea concentrations and lower concentrations of BHB, NEFA and creatinine. From the metabolite profiles, a more efficient nutrient use could be concluded. Although no clear dose−response relationship was observed, the highest inclusion of the M. stenopetala leaves in the multi-nutrient blocks gave the best performance. This outcome supports the idea of implementing M. stenopetala based multi-nutrient blocks on tropical smallholder farms that are not easily accessible to conventional extension services.
{"title":"Effects of Supplementing Different Quantities of Moringa stenopetala Leaves on Plasma Metabolite and Acylcarnitine Profile, Body Condition Score and Milk Yield Performance in Zebu (Bos indicus) Cattle","authors":"Ketema Worku, Yisehak Kechero, Geert P. J. Janssens","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The formulation of multi-nutrient blocks based on low-cost and locally available browse feed resources can be a valid feeding strategy in Sub-Saharan Africa, where inadequate feed supply, both in quality and quantity, is a major constraint. We evaluated the four different inclusion percentages (M-0%, M-25%, M-35% and M-45%) of <i>Moringa stenopetala</i> leaf powder to multi-nutrient blocks on their change on blood metabolite of dairy cows under practical, ranging conditions. Multi-nutrient blocks with four inclusion rates of <i>M. stenopetala</i> leaves were applied as complementary feed for free ranging dairy cows. The study was performed on 24 free ranging dairy cows reared around Arba Minch town in the Southern Ethiopian Rift Valley. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of dairy cows both before and after supplementation. Plasma glucose, beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), urea, creatinine, triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration was quantified spectrophotometrically. Dried serum spots were subject to quantitative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to estimate changes in nutrient metabolism based on selected carnitines. Based on these measurements, the milk yield and body condition score were increased during the period of multi-nutrient block supplementation. During the supplementation period, the cows got higher plasma glucose, triglyceride and urea concentrations and lower concentrations of BHB, NEFA and creatinine. From the metabolite profiles, a more efficient nutrient use could be concluded. Although no clear dose−response relationship was observed, the highest inclusion of the <i>M. stenopetala</i> leaves in the multi-nutrient blocks gave the best performance. This outcome supports the idea of implementing <i>M. stenopetala</i> based multi-nutrient blocks on tropical smallholder farms that are not easily accessible to conventional extension services.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sang Gun No, Jun Young Mun, Abdolreza Hosseindoust, Sang Hun Ha, Se Rin Park, Elick Kinara, Jong Kyu Park, Sung Man Seo, Jae Hwan Kim, So Lim Park, So Young Lee, Seong Il Lim, Jin Soo Kim
Monzogranite is known for its high surface area and cation exchange capacity, which play a crucial role in ameliorating the challenges by enhancing nutrient adsorption and facilitating nutrient availability during the weaning period. Weaned crossbred piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace), initially weighing 5.36 ± 0.26 kg, were allocated into four treatments with 6 replicates each (10 pigs per replicate). The treatments encompassed CON (basal diet), Z0.1 (0.1% monzogranite supplementation in basal diet), Z0.2 (0.2% monzogranite supplementation), and Z0.3 (0.3% monzogranite supplementation). In phase 1, a linear increase in total average daily gain (ADG) was observed across treatment groups, with a concomitant linear increase in ADG and gain-to-feed ratio (G/F). The overall results showed a linear increase in ADG and G/F. A linear decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels was observed across treatment groups. Conversely, no significant differences were noted in the levels of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, triglycerides, and gamma-glutamyl transferase among the treatment groups. Faecal scoring indicated a linear reduction in scores at Day 7 among the treatment groups. However, no significant differences were observed at Days 14 and 28. The assessment of immunoglobulins demonstrated a significant increase in both immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A levels in the Z0.1 treatment group compared to the CON. In both phase 1 and phase 2, a linear decrease in cortisol levels was evident. In conclusion, a linear increase in total ADG and G/F during phase 1, sustained across both phases, suggests monzogranite potential to enhance growth performance. Moreover, stress mitigation was shown through a consistent linear decrease in cortisol levels across phases. These findings underscore monzogranite multifaceted impact, emphasizing its potential as a dietary supplement to enhance growth, liver health, and stress resilience in weanling pigs.
{"title":"Enhancing Growth and Health in Weanling Pigs: The Impact of Monzogranite Supplementation","authors":"Sang Gun No, Jun Young Mun, Abdolreza Hosseindoust, Sang Hun Ha, Se Rin Park, Elick Kinara, Jong Kyu Park, Sung Man Seo, Jae Hwan Kim, So Lim Park, So Young Lee, Seong Il Lim, Jin Soo Kim","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monzogranite is known for its high surface area and cation exchange capacity, which play a crucial role in ameliorating the challenges by enhancing nutrient adsorption and facilitating nutrient availability during the weaning period. Weaned crossbred piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace), initially weighing 5.36 ± 0.26 kg, were allocated into four treatments with 6 replicates each (10 pigs per replicate). The treatments encompassed CON (basal diet), Z0.1 (0.1% monzogranite supplementation in basal diet), Z0.2 (0.2% monzogranite supplementation), and Z0.3 (0.3% monzogranite supplementation). In phase 1, a linear increase in total average daily gain (ADG) was observed across treatment groups, with a concomitant linear increase in ADG and gain-to-feed ratio (G/F). The overall results showed a linear increase in ADG and G/F. A linear decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels was observed across treatment groups. Conversely, no significant differences were noted in the levels of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, triglycerides, and gamma-glutamyl transferase among the treatment groups. Faecal scoring indicated a linear reduction in scores at Day 7 among the treatment groups. However, no significant differences were observed at Days 14 and 28. The assessment of immunoglobulins demonstrated a significant increase in both immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A levels in the Z0.1 treatment group compared to the CON. In both phase 1 and phase 2, a linear decrease in cortisol levels was evident. In conclusion, a linear increase in total ADG and G/F during phase 1, sustained across both phases, suggests monzogranite potential to enhance growth performance. Moreover, stress mitigation was shown through a consistent linear decrease in cortisol levels across phases. These findings underscore monzogranite multifaceted impact, emphasizing its potential as a dietary supplement to enhance growth, liver health, and stress resilience in weanling pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of low doses of Quillaja saponin (QS) or phytase (PHY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal gas emissions, and carcass grade in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 72 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), each weighing 25.82 ± 1.68 kg, were selected and randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Each group had six replicates, with four pigs per pen, and the allocation was based on the four initial body weight and sex of the pigs. They were randomly divided into the following three diet groups: the basal diet as a control (CON) group, the basal diet + 0.02% PHY; and the basal diet + 0.01% QS. The experiment period lasted for 110 days. The results of adding 0.01% QS to the basal diet of pigs show that it can significantly increase the body weight (BW) of growing-finishing pigs on the 110th day (p < 0.05). QS can significantly increase the average daily weight gain (ADG) on Days 80–110 of the experiment (p < 0.05). QS can significantly increase the total average daily weight gain (TADG) of growing-finishing pigs during the entire experimental period (p < 0.05) and has a tendency to improve the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate during the entire experimental period. However, QS has no significant effect on pig nutrient digestibility and carcass grade. In addition, we also found that QS has a tendency to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, adding 0.02% PHY to the basal diet of growing-finishing pigs can only increase the TADG during the entire experimental period. Throughout the experiment, adding PHY to the diet had no significant impact on the nutrient digestibility, faecal gas emissions, and carcass grade of growing-finishing pigs. In summary, adding QS to feed can significantly improve the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, and has a tendency to improve faecal gas emissions. PHY can only improve the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Quillaja Saponin or Phytase on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Faecal Gas Emissions, and Carcass Grade in Growing-Finishing Pigs","authors":"Tianxiang Li, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of low doses of Quillaja saponin (QS) or phytase (PHY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal gas emissions, and carcass grade in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 72 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), each weighing 25.82 ± 1.68 kg, were selected and randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Each group had six replicates, with four pigs per pen, and the allocation was based on the four initial body weight and sex of the pigs. They were randomly divided into the following three diet groups: the basal diet as a control (CON) group, the basal diet + 0.02% PHY; and the basal diet + 0.01% QS. The experiment period lasted for 110 days. The results of adding 0.01% QS to the basal diet of pigs show that it can significantly increase the body weight (BW) of growing-finishing pigs on the 110th day (<i>p </i>< 0.05). QS can significantly increase the average daily weight gain (ADG) on Days 80–110 of the experiment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). QS can significantly increase the total average daily weight gain (TADG) of growing-finishing pigs during the entire experimental period (<i>p </i>< 0.05) and has a tendency to improve the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate during the entire experimental period. However, QS has no significant effect on pig nutrient digestibility and carcass grade. In addition, we also found that QS has a tendency to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, adding 0.02% PHY to the basal diet of growing-finishing pigs can only increase the TADG during the entire experimental period. Throughout the experiment, adding PHY to the diet had no significant impact on the nutrient digestibility, faecal gas emissions, and carcass grade of growing-finishing pigs. In summary, adding QS to feed can significantly improve the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, and has a tendency to improve faecal gas emissions. PHY can only improve the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wasef A. Riad, Abdelaziz M. El-Hais, Ahmed A. Soliman, Ghada S. El Esawy, Safaa E. S. Atia, Ibrahim M. Khattab
Fruit by-products are a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional grain feed for livestock. One of the most important by-products is mango seed kernel (MSK), which can be used as a valuable energy source for feeding growing calves in the tropical and subtropical productive regions of the world. This study investigated the effect of replacing corn grains (CGs) with MSK on intake, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and rumen parameters. Eighteen growing male Friesian calves (200 ± 6.55 kg of body weight and 9–11 months old) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Three concentrate feed mixtures were formulated such that MSK replaced CG at 0%, 25% and 50%. Dry matter intake was unaffected, whereas dry matter, organic matter and fibre digestibility increased linearly (p < 0.05) with increased inclusion of MSK. Ruminal pH (p = 0.053) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (p = 0.041) increased linearly. There was a linear decrease in cholesterol (p = 0.029) and AST (p = 0.028) levels in the blood of calves. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the positive effect of replacing 50% of CG with MSK on rumen parameters, including a higher ruminal pH and total VFA concentration, alongside higher nutrient digestibility. The dietary inclusion of mango seed can serve as a valuable and sustainable dietary component for growing calves.
{"title":"Effects of Partial Replacement of Corn Grains With Mango Seed Kernel on Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Metabolites and Rumen Parameters of Growing Calves","authors":"Wasef A. Riad, Abdelaziz M. El-Hais, Ahmed A. Soliman, Ghada S. El Esawy, Safaa E. S. Atia, Ibrahim M. Khattab","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fruit by-products are a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional grain feed for livestock. One of the most important by-products is mango seed kernel (MSK), which can be used as a valuable energy source for feeding growing calves in the tropical and subtropical productive regions of the world. This study investigated the effect of replacing corn grains (CGs) with MSK on intake, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and rumen parameters. Eighteen growing male Friesian calves (200 ± 6.55 kg of body weight and 9–11 months old) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Three concentrate feed mixtures were formulated such that MSK replaced CG at 0%, 25% and 50%. Dry matter intake was unaffected, whereas dry matter, organic matter and fibre digestibility increased linearly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with increased inclusion of MSK. Ruminal pH (<i>p</i> = 0.053) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.041) increased linearly. There was a linear decrease in cholesterol (<i>p</i> = 0.029) and AST (<i>p</i> = 0.028) levels in the blood of calves. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the positive effect of replacing 50% of CG with MSK on rumen parameters, including a higher ruminal pH and total VFA concentration, alongside higher nutrient digestibility. The dietary inclusion of mango seed can serve as a valuable and sustainable dietary component for growing calves.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to compare the impact of four chemical additives on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage based on soy sauce residue. The TMR (35% soy sauce residue + 45% Napier grass + 20% concentrate) was placed into silos (10 L). The experiment followed the completely random design, treated with different chemical additives: (1) distilled water (control); (2) 0.1% potassium sorbate (SP); (3) 0.1% sodium benzoate (SS); (4) 0.5% calcium propionate (SC); (5) 0.5% sodium diacetate (SD). Total of 100 silos (5 treatments × 4 aerobic exposure days × 5 replicates) were ensiled for 60 days. After exposure to the air, the samples were analyzed for the dynamic change of fermentation parameters at 4, 9 and 15 days, and the data was analyzed as repeated measures. The content of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen was maintained at a low level. The highest (p < 0.05) lactic acid (LA) content and the lowest (p < 0.05) pH value were measured in SP. At the first 4 days of aerobic exposure, TMR silages treated with four chemical additives were more stable relative to the control, as indicated by the low pH value and yeast counts. Furthermore, the highest (p < 0.05) LA content and the lowest (p < 0.05) pH value indicated that SP performed superior aerobic stability compared with other chemical additives. The SP shows higher (p < 0.05) 72 h cumulative gas production (GP72) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) relative to the control. In conclusion, the SP performed superior in improving fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of TMR silages based on soy sauce residue.
{"title":"An evaluation of the effectiveness of four chemical additives on the fermentation characteristics, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage based on soy sauce residue","authors":"Guofeng Xu, Xinbao Li, Junfeng Hu, Zhihao Dong, Yushan Jia, Tao Shao","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study aimed to compare the impact of four chemical additives on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage based on soy sauce residue. The TMR (35% soy sauce residue + 45% Napier grass + 20% concentrate) was placed into silos (10 L). The experiment followed the completely random design, treated with different chemical additives: (1) distilled water (control); (2) 0.1% potassium sorbate (SP); (3) 0.1% sodium benzoate (SS); (4) 0.5% calcium propionate (SC); (5) 0.5% sodium diacetate (SD). Total of 100 silos (5 treatments × 4 aerobic exposure days × 5 replicates) were ensiled for 60 days. After exposure to the air, the samples were analyzed for the dynamic change of fermentation parameters at 4, 9 and 15 days, and the data was analyzed as repeated measures. The content of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen was maintained at a low level. The highest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) lactic acid (LA) content and the lowest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) pH value were measured in SP. At the first 4 days of aerobic exposure, TMR silages treated with four chemical additives were more stable relative to the control, as indicated by the low pH value and yeast counts. Furthermore, the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) LA content and the lowest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) pH value indicated that SP performed superior aerobic stability compared with other chemical additives. The SP shows higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) 72 h cumulative gas production (GP<sub>72</sub>) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) relative to the control. In conclusion, the SP performed superior in improving fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of TMR silages based on soy sauce residue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"130-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of a water-soluble calcium (Ca) source (CaCl2) with a water-soluble phosphorus (P) source (NaH2PO4*2H2O, diet soluble, SOL) in comparison to a water-insoluble P source (CaHPO4*2H2O, diet insoluble, INS) on apparent digestibility and renal excretion of Ca and P in dogs. The Ca intake was 226 mg/kg bodyweight (bw), the Ca/P ratio 1.9/1 in SOL and 2.0/1 in INS. The percentage of Ca from CaCl2 was 60% in SOL and 33% in INS. Eight adult Foxhound-crossbred dogs FBI, (3–5 years, bw 24–32 kg) were available. Standard digestion trials were carried out (10 days adaptation, 5 days total faecal collection). Spontaneously excreted urine was collected pre- and postprandially. In vitro water solubility of P in the mineral premixes was determined. The Ca digestibility was negative in both trials without significant differences between the groups. Apparent P digestibility was increased in group SOL (26% vs. 20% in INS). In both groups, P content in urine was higher pre- compared to postprandial, with higher concentrations in group SOL. The same was true for the P/Crea ratio. The water solubility of P in the mineral premixes used in the trials showed considerable differences: The P in premix INS was insoluble in water after 1 and after 90 min. By contrast, the P in the premix SOL was highly soluble (98%) after 1 minute. After 90 min, however, the P solubility decreased to 43%, suggesting the formation of insoluble CaP salts, presumably from CaCl2 and NaH2PO4*2H2O. In conclusion, in the present study, apparent Ca digestibility in dogs was not affected by the solubility of Ca and P, while P digestibility and renal P excretion increased.
本研究旨在探讨水溶性钙（Ca）源（CaCl2）与水溶性磷（P）源（NaH2PO4*2H2O，日粮可溶，SOL）相结合与水不溶性磷源（CaHPO4*2H2O，日粮不溶，INS）相结合对狗钙和磷的表观消化率和肾脏排泄的影响。狗的钙摄入量为 226 毫克/千克体重（bw），钙/磷比率在 SOL 中为 1.9/1，在 INS 中为 2.0/1。从 CaCl2 中摄取的钙在 SOL 中占 60%，在 INS 中占 33%。八只成年猎狐犬杂交犬 FBI（3-5 岁，体重 24-32 千克）。进行了标准消化试验（10 天适应期，5 天收集粪便）。餐前和餐后收集自发排出的尿液。测定了矿物质预混料中 P 的体外水溶性。两次试验中，钙的消化率均为负值，组间无显著差异。SOL 组的表观 P 消化率有所提高（26% 对 INS 的 20%）。两组中，餐前尿中的 P 含量均高于餐后尿，SOL 组的 P 含量更高。P/Crea 比率也是如此。试验中使用的矿物质预混料中 P 的水溶性差异很大：预混料 INS 中的磷在 1 分钟和 90 分钟后都不溶于水。相比之下，预混料 SOL 中的磷在 1 分钟后的溶解度很高（98%）。但 90 分钟后，钙溶解度降至 43%，表明形成了不溶性钙盐，可能来自 CaCl2 和 NaH2PO4*2H2O。总之，在本研究中，狗的表观钙消化率不受钙和磷溶解度的影响，而磷消化率和肾脏磷排泄量却增加了。
{"title":"Apparent digestibility and calcium and phosphorus in urine after feeding different combinations of calcium and phosphorus sources to adult dogs","authors":"Celina Hofmann, Britta Dobenecker, Ellen Kienzle","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of a water-soluble calcium (Ca) source (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) with a water-soluble phosphorus (P) source (NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>*2H<sub>2</sub>O, diet soluble, SOL) in comparison to a water-insoluble P source (CaHPO4*2H<sub>2</sub>O, diet insoluble, INS) on apparent digestibility and renal excretion of Ca and P in dogs. The Ca intake was 226 mg/kg bodyweight (bw), the Ca/P ratio 1.9/1 in SOL and 2.0/1 in INS. The percentage of Ca from CaCl<sub>2</sub> was 60% in SOL and 33% in INS. Eight adult Foxhound-crossbred dogs FBI, (3–5 years, bw 24–32 kg) were available. Standard digestion trials were carried out (10 days adaptation, 5 days total faecal collection). Spontaneously excreted urine was collected pre- and postprandially. In vitro water solubility of P in the mineral premixes was determined. The Ca digestibility was negative in both trials without significant differences between the groups. Apparent P digestibility was increased in group SOL (26% vs. 20% in INS). In both groups, P content in urine was higher pre- compared to postprandial, with higher concentrations in group SOL. The same was true for the P/Crea ratio. The water solubility of P in the mineral premixes used in the trials showed considerable differences: The P in premix INS was insoluble in water after 1 and after 90 min. By contrast, the P in the premix SOL was highly soluble (98%) after 1 minute. After 90 min, however, the P solubility decreased to 43%, suggesting the formation of insoluble CaP salts, presumably from CaCl<sub>2</sub> and NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>*2H<sub>2</sub>O. In conclusion, in the present study, apparent Ca digestibility in dogs was not affected by the solubility of Ca and P, while P digestibility and renal P excretion increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"124-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to investigate the regularity of fecal microorganisms changes in Landrace × Large White × Duroc (DLY) and Diqing Tibetan pigs (TP) induced by dietary fiber, and further explore the buffering effect of different intestinal flora structures on dietary stress. DLY (n = 15) and TP (n = 15) were divided into two treatments. Then, diet with 20% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was supplemented for 9 days. Our results showed that the feed conversion efficiency of TP was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of DLY. The fecal microorganisms shared by the two groups gradually increased with the feeding cycle. In addition, the dispersion of Shannon, Simpson, ACE and Chao of TP decreased. Also, we found that the fecal microorganisms of TP (R2 = 0.2089, p < 0.01) and DLY (R2 = 0.3982, p < 0.01) showed significant differences in different feeding cycles. With the prolongation of feeding cycle, the similarity of fecal microbial composition between DLY and TP increased. Our study strongly suggests that the complex environment and diet structure have shaped the unique gut microbiota of TP, which plays a vital role in the buffering effect of high-fiber diets.
{"title":"Study on the difference of gut microbiota in DLY and Diqing Tibetan pigs induce by high fiber diet.","authors":"Lijie Yang, Bingqian Yao, Shimin Zhang, Yuting Yang, Hongbin Pan, Xiangfang Zeng, Shiyan Qiao","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.14023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to investigate the regularity of fecal microorganisms changes in Landrace × Large White × Duroc (DLY) and Diqing Tibetan pigs (TP) induced by dietary fiber, and further explore the buffering effect of different intestinal flora structures on dietary stress. DLY (n = 15) and TP (n = 15) were divided into two treatments. Then, diet with 20% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was supplemented for 9 days. Our results showed that the feed conversion efficiency of TP was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of DLY. The fecal microorganisms shared by the two groups gradually increased with the feeding cycle. In addition, the dispersion of Shannon, Simpson, ACE and Chao of TP decreased. Also, we found that the fecal microorganisms of TP (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.2089, p < 0.01) and DLY (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.3982, p < 0.01) showed significant differences in different feeding cycles. With the prolongation of feeding cycle, the similarity of fecal microbial composition between DLY and TP increased. Our study strongly suggests that the complex environment and diet structure have shaped the unique gut microbiota of TP, which plays a vital role in the buffering effect of high-fiber diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saman Lashkari, Carina Beblein, Janne W. Christensen, Søren K. Jensen
High-starch diets may affect equine hindgut microbiota and increase blood glucose levels, which may cause unwanted physiological changes, but may also elicit behavioural changes such as increased fear reactions. The purpose of the current study was to feed a high starch (300) and low fat (43; HS_LF) or a low starch (60) and high fat (85; LS_HF, g/kg of DM) concentrate within the available commercial range and investigate how muscle endurance and fear reactions of horses respond to different diets. Twenty Danish Warmblood stallions (4 years) were randomly allocated to two treatments: LS_HF (n = 10) and HS_LF (n = 10) for 9 weeks. During the two last weeks, a single step exercise test was performed, and plasma metabolites and blood gases were measured before and after exercise in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The effect of two diets on fearfulness was tested by exposing the horses to novel objects test (T1 and T2). Plasma metabolites was not affected by diets. However, plasma level of glucose post-exercise (4.9) was lower than pre-exercise (5.6 mmol/L; p < 0.001). Similarly, plasma level of insulin post-exercise (4.2) was lower than pre-exercise (13.1 pmol/L; p < 0.001). Plasma level of lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.001), non-esterified fatty acids (p = 0.002), β-hydroxybutyrate (p = 0.001), and fructosamine (p = 0.01) post-exercise was higher than pre-exercise. Regardless of type of diets, RRR-α-tocopherol was the dominance α-tocopherol stereoisomers in plasma. In conclusion, during aerobic exercise, fat to starch ratio in horse diets within the normal range had no significant effect on plasma metabolites. However, horses fed LS_HF tended to show more investigative behaviour than horses fed HS_LF.
{"title":"The effect of the fat to starch ratio in young horses' diet on plasma metabolites, muscle endurance and fear responses","authors":"Saman Lashkari, Carina Beblein, Janne W. Christensen, Søren K. Jensen","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-starch diets may affect equine hindgut microbiota and increase blood glucose levels, which may cause unwanted physiological changes, but may also elicit behavioural changes such as increased fear reactions. The purpose of the current study was to feed a high starch (300) and low fat (43; HS_LF) or a low starch (60) and high fat (85; LS_HF, g/kg of DM) concentrate within the available commercial range and investigate how muscle endurance and fear reactions of horses respond to different diets. Twenty Danish Warmblood stallions (4 years) were randomly allocated to two treatments: LS_HF (<i>n</i> = 10) and HS_LF (<i>n</i> = 10) for 9 weeks. During the two last weeks, a single step exercise test was performed, and plasma metabolites and blood gases were measured before and after exercise in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The effect of two diets on fearfulness was tested by exposing the horses to novel objects test (T1 and T2). Plasma metabolites was not affected by diets. However, plasma level of glucose post-exercise (4.9) was lower than pre-exercise (5.6 mmol/L; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, plasma level of insulin post-exercise (4.2) was lower than pre-exercise (13.1 pmol/L; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Plasma level of lactate dehydrogenase (<i>p</i> < 0.001), non-esterified fatty acids (<i>p</i> = 0.002), β-hydroxybutyrate (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and fructosamine (<i>p</i> = 0.01) post-exercise was higher than pre-exercise. Regardless of type of diets, RRR-α-tocopherol was the dominance α-tocopherol stereoisomers in plasma. In conclusion, during aerobic exercise, fat to starch ratio in horse diets within the normal range had no significant effect on plasma metabolites. However, horses fed LS_HF tended to show more investigative behaviour than horses fed HS_LF.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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