Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-169-178
S. Batyreva
The museum collections contain the material evidence of the past represented in the objects of traditional nomad culture. The documentary significance of the archive materials that represent nomad way of living allows us to give characteristics of the existence and content of the artistic craftwork of the Mongol-origin nations. Nowadays, when most of the traditional Kalmyk handicrafts have been lost due to the transition from the nomad way of living to sedentary life, it is relevant to use the museum exhibits for their reconstruction. This will allow to fill the gaps in the Kalmyk Folk Decorative Arts research the sample of which include the household items made in the traditional techniques of artistic processing of textile, felt and leather, wood and metal. The experience of collecting, research and reconstruction of the nation’s cultural heritage is represented in the permanent exhibit of the Zaya-Pandita Museum of Kalmyk Traditional Culture of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS.
{"title":"Народное прикладное искусство в экспозиции Музея традиционной культуры имени Зая-пандиты Калмыцкого научного центра РАН","authors":"S. Batyreva","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-169-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-169-178","url":null,"abstract":"The museum collections contain the material evidence of the past represented in the objects of traditional nomad culture. The documentary significance of the archive materials that represent nomad way of living allows us to give characteristics of the existence and content of the artistic craftwork of the Mongol-origin nations. Nowadays, when most of the traditional Kalmyk handicrafts have been lost due to the transition from the nomad way of living to sedentary life, it is relevant to use the museum exhibits for their reconstruction. This will allow to fill the gaps in the Kalmyk Folk Decorative Arts research the sample of which include the household items made in the traditional techniques of artistic processing of textile, felt and leather, wood and metal. The experience of collecting, research and reconstruction of the nation’s cultural heritage is represented in the permanent exhibit of the Zaya-Pandita Museum of Kalmyk Traditional Culture of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123792022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-142-150
Marina E. Tyumidova, M. S. Ulanov
The article analyzes the gender differences in children upbringing in the Kalmyk traditional society. The Kalmyk children upbringing system was determined by the nomad way of living and distinctive household culture. A family was a bearer of the ethnic and cultural traditions and customs. A significant role in the development of moral values of the Kalmyk people was given to religious views, Buddhism in particular, which was the dominating factor in the shaping of the mentality and spiritual culture of the Kalmyk ethnos. Kalmyk children as a rule were brought up in traditional patriarchal families with the distinct gender differentiation. Since the old days, the task of every Kalmyk family was to bring up a real man, who was the breadwinner and owner, who had an indisputable authority in the family. The upbringing of a daughter was the responsibility of a mother who in compliance with the national traditions had to teach her daughter all the skills of being a good housewife. The Kalmyk national customs were not strict towards women compared to the traditions of other Oriental nations. A woman was well regarded in the Kalmyk society.
{"title":"Гендер в системе воспитания калмыков","authors":"Marina E. Tyumidova, M. S. Ulanov","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-142-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-142-150","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the gender differences in children upbringing in the Kalmyk traditional society. The Kalmyk children upbringing system was determined by the nomad way of living and distinctive household culture. A family was a bearer of the ethnic and cultural traditions and customs. A significant role in the development of moral values of the Kalmyk people was given to religious views, Buddhism in particular, which was the dominating factor in the shaping of the mentality and spiritual culture of the Kalmyk ethnos. Kalmyk children as a rule were brought up in traditional patriarchal families with the distinct gender differentiation. Since the old days, the task of every Kalmyk family was to bring up a real man, who was the breadwinner and owner, who had an indisputable authority in the family. The upbringing of a daughter was the responsibility of a mother who in compliance with the national traditions had to teach her daughter all the skills of being a good housewife. The Kalmyk national customs were not strict towards women compared to the traditions of other Oriental nations. A woman was well regarded in the Kalmyk society.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131780290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-56-64
Bazar D. Tsybenov, Tsyden S. Ochirov
The article focuses on the research of Russian and Chinese scholars on the study of spiritual culture of ethnic minorities living in the urban district KhulunBuir of Inner Mongolia, China. The first group is represented by the works of Buryat scholars, the second — mostly by the works of South Mongolian authors. The article gives a brief review of the research of chronicle traditions and folklore of the Shenekhen Buryats, different aspects of spiritual culture of the Barguts and Daurs. The article gives the analysis of the three works of Bai Shu Fen that are based on the comparative analysis of the totemic ideas and fairytales of Mongols, Daurs and Evenki. Also, the study analyzes several works on spiritual culture and school education of the KhailarDaurs, the work of the scholar Erdenitogtokh and the writer Erdenizhav – native KhailarDaurs. The article gives the summary of the Lei Chin-Tsai’s work about the shamanism of old Barguts.
{"title":"К изучению духовной культуры национальных меньшинств Хулун-Буира","authors":"Bazar D. Tsybenov, Tsyden S. Ochirov","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-56-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-56-64","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the research of Russian and Chinese scholars on the study of spiritual culture of ethnic minorities living in the urban district KhulunBuir of Inner Mongolia, China. The first group is represented by the works of Buryat scholars, the second — mostly by the works of South Mongolian authors. The article gives a brief review of the research of chronicle traditions and folklore of the Shenekhen Buryats, different aspects of spiritual culture of the Barguts and Daurs. The article gives the analysis of the three works of Bai Shu Fen that are based on the comparative analysis of the totemic ideas and fairytales of Mongols, Daurs and Evenki. Also, the study analyzes several works on spiritual culture and school education of the KhailarDaurs, the work of the scholar Erdenitogtokh and the writer Erdenizhav – native KhailarDaurs. The article gives the summary of the Lei Chin-Tsai’s work about the shamanism of old Barguts.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"22 6S 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115946417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-65-69
Chultemsuren P.
The article reveals the Khalkha history of the XVI–XVII centuries, describes the events where one of the prominent state and religious leaders Tumenkhen Sain-noyon (1558–1640) took an active part. It is noted that this was a historic period related to the third wave of the spread of Buddhism among Mongols. This also was the time of significant changes in the political history, economics and religious life of the countries and nations of Central Asia. During this period Tumenkhen Sain-noyon with his elder brother Avatai made great efforts to spread the teaching of Geluk, organize the building of Buddhist temples and translate sacred books.
{"title":"Халхын Түмэнхэн хөндлөн цөөхүр ноёны асуудалд (= Об изучении биографии халхаского Тумэнхэн Сайн-нойон-хана)","authors":"Chultemsuren P.","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-65-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-65-69","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the Khalkha history of the XVI–XVII centuries, describes the events where one of the prominent state and religious leaders Tumenkhen Sain-noyon (1558–1640) took an active part. It is noted that this was a historic period related to the third wave of the spread of Buddhism among Mongols. This also was the time of significant changes in the political history, economics and religious life of the countries and nations of Central Asia. During this period Tumenkhen Sain-noyon with his elder brother Avatai made great efforts to spread the teaching of Geluk, organize the building of Buddhist temples and translate sacred books.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125564625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-46-55
B. Nanzatov, V. V. Tishin
The article makes an attempt at clarifying the origin of the Kalmyk ethnonym khakhachin which reliably dates back to the mid-XIX century. It is compared to the well-known among Khori-Buryats ethnonym khakhshud which appears among Buryats of Mongolia as khagshud and among Shene-Barguts as khakhchuud. Expanding the research with Yakut material and in particular the ethnonym Kogosuk mentioned by Ya. I. Lindenau, and also historical ethnonymics data allowed to infer the common origin of the given ethnonyms and reconstruct the original form *qaγačin. The different variations of the ethnonym registered among Buryats (and dependent on one of them forms reconstructed in Yakut ethnonymics and anthroponimics) as well as the Kalmyk khakhachin show the parallel development of this variant.
本文试图澄清卡尔梅克民族名称khakhachin的起源，该名称可靠地追溯到19世纪中期。将其与khri -Buryats族中众所周知的名称khakhshud进行比较，khakhshud在蒙古布里亚特人中被称为khagshud，在Shene-Barguts中被称为khakhchuud。扩大对雅库特材料的研究，特别是雅提到的民族名称Kogosuk。I. Lindenau，以及历史的民族名称数据允许推断出给定民族名称的共同起源，并重建原始形式*qaγ a in。布里亚特人和卡尔梅克哈哈钦人之间记录的不同的民族名变体(并依赖于其中一种形式在雅库特民族名变体和拟人学中重建)显示了这种变体的平行发展。
{"title":"Хахачин: к калмыцко-бурятским этническим связям","authors":"B. Nanzatov, V. V. Tishin","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-46-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-46-55","url":null,"abstract":"The article makes an attempt at clarifying the origin of the Kalmyk ethnonym khakhachin which reliably dates back to the mid-XIX century. It is compared to the well-known among Khori-Buryats ethnonym khakhshud which appears among Buryats of Mongolia as khagshud and among Shene-Barguts as khakhchuud. Expanding the research with Yakut material and in particular the ethnonym Kogosuk mentioned by Ya. I. Lindenau, and also historical ethnonymics data allowed to infer the common origin of the given ethnonyms and reconstruct the original form *qaγačin. The different variations of the ethnonym registered among Buryats (and dependent on one of them forms reconstructed in Yakut ethnonymics and anthroponimics) as well as the Kalmyk khakhachin show the parallel development of this variant.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132808044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-87-96
M. Sodnompilova
In the traditional society there were always people capable of helping other people and animals in treating ailments, diseases, wounds and fractures — they are conventionally called healers. The goal of this article is to analyze the image, functions, methods and attributes of the healers among the Turkic-Mongol nations of Inner Asia. In the research of traditional culture of nations of Inner Asia the healer activities are often considered a part of shamanism practice. However, in the background of the shamanism rites there were the herbalists specializing in curative properties of the plants, bonesetters capable of setting bones and fixing dislocations and also masseuses, midwives, healers treating with whip and other healers. Among the Turkic-Mongol nations of Inner and Central Asia there is an unalterable opinion about curative powers of twins and women who gave birth to twins, brave people and strong men.
{"title":"Лекари в народной медицине тюрко-монголов Внутренней Азии: образы, функции","authors":"M. Sodnompilova","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-87-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-87-96","url":null,"abstract":"In the traditional society there were always people capable of helping other people and animals in treating ailments, diseases, wounds and fractures — they are conventionally called healers. The goal of this article is to analyze the image, functions, methods and attributes of the healers among the Turkic-Mongol nations of Inner Asia. In the research of traditional culture of nations of Inner Asia the healer activities are often considered a part of shamanism practice. However, in the background of the shamanism rites there were the herbalists specializing in curative properties of the plants, bonesetters capable of setting bones and fixing dislocations and also masseuses, midwives, healers treating with whip and other healers. Among the Turkic-Mongol nations of Inner and Central Asia there is an unalterable opinion about curative powers of twins and women who gave birth to twins, brave people and strong men.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115476390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-112-121
Sesegma G. Zhambalova
The article analyzes the factors in the consistent preservation of nomadism in Mongolia in the XXI century based on the field and literature sources. The historiographic review shows that the study of Mongolian nomadism of the last decades is becoming more significant in Russia. In relation to this, the author’s approach to the analysis of the nomadism is of great interest. This approach is not only of scientific but also of practical value. The modern Mongolian nomadism generally maintains the traditional structure. It is contributed by the harmony of integrated existence of seven factors: natural-climate, demographic, economic, zoological, technological, environmental and spiritual. Their existence demonstrates the preservation of the complex model of the classical nomadism retaining the basic structure and features. Nomadism in Mongolia is preserved also because the rapid progress to full sedentarisation is not possible due to some economic reasons. In the modern conditions this can lead to the complicated political and economic consequences. The Mongolian steppe is the main condition for the existence of nomadism, it is in a quite favourable state from the ecological point of view despite the problems arising in relation to the development of the mining industry, the expansion of the agriculture, etc. Nomadism in Mongolia in XXI century is maintained due to the preservation of all the above mentioned natureclimate and socio-economical factors.
{"title":"Монголия XXI в.: структура и факторы устойчивого сохранения номадизма","authors":"Sesegma G. Zhambalova","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-112-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-112-121","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the factors in the consistent preservation of nomadism in Mongolia in the XXI century based on the field and literature sources. The historiographic review shows that the study of Mongolian nomadism of the last decades is becoming more significant in Russia. In relation to this, the author’s approach to the analysis of the nomadism is of great interest. This approach is not only of scientific but also of practical value. The modern Mongolian nomadism generally maintains the traditional structure. It is contributed by the harmony of integrated existence of seven factors: natural-climate, demographic, economic, zoological, technological, environmental and spiritual. Their existence demonstrates the preservation of the complex model of the classical nomadism retaining the basic structure and features. Nomadism in Mongolia is preserved also because the rapid progress to full sedentarisation is not possible due to some economic reasons. In the modern conditions this can lead to the complicated political and economic consequences. The Mongolian steppe is the main condition for the existence of nomadism, it is in a quite favourable state from the ecological point of view despite the problems arising in relation to the development of the mining industry, the expansion of the agriculture, etc. Nomadism in Mongolia in XXI century is maintained due to the preservation of all the above mentioned natureclimate and socio-economical factors.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-97-103
S. Odhuu
The article analyzes the insufficiently studied nowadays social miсrogroup of Mongolian wanderers-badarchin. The study identifies the specific features and functions of this group and the role of the wanderers in the society. It highlights the positive aspects of the educational activities of the wanderers as the carriers of information, knowledge about the surrounding world and religious education. The article points out the specific characteristics of the wanderers’ capabilities, their ability to fulfill their destiny. The article reveals the reflection of the image of a wanderer in the Mongolian folklore and the historical memory of the nation. It shows the attitude of the people towards wanderers and the diverse characteristics of their image. On the example of certain individual’s fates, their activities and merits to their nations the study traces the development and transformation of the wandering, its role in the society in different historical periods up to the present.
{"title":"Монгольский странник-бадарчин","authors":"S. Odhuu","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-97-103","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the insufficiently studied nowadays social miсrogroup of Mongolian wanderers-badarchin. The study identifies the specific features and functions of this group and the role of the wanderers in the society. It highlights the positive aspects of the educational activities of the wanderers as the carriers of information, knowledge about the surrounding world and religious education. The article points out the specific characteristics of the wanderers’ capabilities, their ability to fulfill their destiny. The article reveals the reflection of the image of a wanderer in the Mongolian folklore and the historical memory of the nation. It shows the attitude of the people towards wanderers and the diverse characteristics of their image. On the example of certain individual’s fates, their activities and merits to their nations the study traces the development and transformation of the wandering, its role in the society in different historical periods up to the present.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115401552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-122-131
Bato Ts. Dondukov
The article gives a review and analysis of the contemporary environmental initiatives of Buddhist leaders of Buryatia. The environmental condition of the Baikal region is of great importance not only for Russia but also for the whole world as the lake Baikal contains about 19 % of the world potable water supply. However, the ecological situation in the Republic of Buryatia is not that favourable. Nowadays, there is a tendency for the growing role of the religious leaders in the environmental problem solving. The Buddhist leaders of Buryatia in line with the given tendency also contribute to the development of the environmental thinking of the society, using arguments based on the fundamental ideas of Buddhist philosophy. Taking into account the cultural and historical characteristics of Buryatia, the Buddhist Sangha suggests quite unique and practical ways of improving the ecological situation in the republic that are of interest to researchers.
{"title":"Экологические инициативы буддийских деятелей Бурятии: актуальные проблемы, локальные решения","authors":"Bato Ts. Dondukov","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-122-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-122-131","url":null,"abstract":"The article gives a review and analysis of the contemporary environmental initiatives of Buddhist leaders of Buryatia. The environmental condition of the Baikal region is of great importance not only for Russia but also for the whole world as the lake Baikal contains about 19 % of the world potable water supply. However, the ecological situation in the Republic of Buryatia is not that favourable. Nowadays, there is a tendency for the growing role of the religious leaders in the environmental problem solving. The Buddhist leaders of Buryatia in line with the given tendency also contribute to the development of the environmental thinking of the society, using arguments based on the fundamental ideas of Buddhist philosophy. Taking into account the cultural and historical characteristics of Buryatia, the Buddhist Sangha suggests quite unique and practical ways of improving the ecological situation in the republic that are of interest to researchers.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127238547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-132-141
Anton D. Ermakov
As the Mongolian People’s Republic became increasingly important to the Soviet Union’s foreign policy goals in the second half of the twentieth century, many Soviet specialists found themselves living and working in Mongolia for considerable amounts of time. Though this was technically a foreign posting, those specialists often did not consider it as such. As a then-popular saying put it, “a chicken is not a bird, Mongolia is not abroad” (kuritsa ne ptitsa, Mongolia ne zagranitsa). In this paper, I will use Soviet accounts of life in late socialist Mongolia to interrogate Soviet ideas of “the abroad”, placing Mongolia in a broader imagined geography of the socialist world and beyond. After surveying the meanings that the idea of “the abroad” (zagranitsa) held for Soviet citizens, I will show that Mongolia was simultaneously too familiar and too foreign in all the wrong ways to be classified as true zagranitsa. Drawing from the memoirs of Soviet expatriates living in a country that was separated from the USSR by an international border yet hauntingly familiar, I will explore the ways in which Soviet citizens’ imaginations of foreignness and distance diverged from those imposed by officially designated borders.
随着蒙古人民共和国在20世纪下半叶对苏联的外交政策目标变得越来越重要，许多苏联专家发现自己在蒙古生活和工作了相当长的时间。虽然这在技术上是一个外国职位，但这些专家往往不这样认为。正如当时流行的一句话所说，“鸡不是鸟，蒙古不在国外”(kuritsa ne ptitsa, Mongolia ne zagranitsa)。在本文中，我将使用苏联对社会主义蒙古晚期生活的描述来质疑苏联对“国外”的看法，将蒙古置于更广阔的社会主义世界及其以外的想象地理中。在调查了“国外”(zagranitsa)这个概念对苏联公民的意义之后，我将表明蒙古在所有错误的方式上既太熟悉又太陌生，无法被归类为真正的zagranitsa。根据苏联侨民的回忆录，我将探索苏联公民对外国和距离的想象与官方指定的边界所施加的想象是如何不同的，这些苏联侨民生活在一个被国际边界与苏联分隔开来但又熟悉得令人难以忘怀的国家。
{"title":"«Курица не птица, Монголия не заграница»: советские мемуары о жизни в позднесоциалистической Монголии","authors":"Anton D. Ermakov","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-132-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-132-141","url":null,"abstract":"As the Mongolian People’s Republic became increasingly important to the Soviet Union’s foreign policy goals in the second half of the twentieth century, many Soviet specialists found themselves living and working in Mongolia for considerable amounts of time. Though this was technically a foreign posting, those specialists often did not consider it as such. As a then-popular saying put it, “a chicken is not a bird, Mongolia is not abroad” (kuritsa ne ptitsa, Mongolia ne zagranitsa). In this paper, I will use Soviet accounts of life in late socialist Mongolia to interrogate Soviet ideas of “the abroad”, placing Mongolia in a broader imagined geography of the socialist world and beyond. After surveying the meanings that the idea of “the abroad” (zagranitsa) held for Soviet citizens, I will show that Mongolia was simultaneously too familiar and too foreign in all the wrong ways to be classified as true zagranitsa. Drawing from the memoirs of Soviet expatriates living in a country that was separated from the USSR by an international border yet hauntingly familiar, I will explore the ways in which Soviet citizens’ imaginations of foreignness and distance diverged from those imposed by officially designated borders.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123676004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：