Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-70-77
Daria B. Gedeyeva
The study gives a review of the Kalmyk clan sings called tamga. The article identifies the main types of these signs. The author points out that tamgas in their image have simple geometrical figures that can be the evidence of their ancient origin and the high probability of duplication in different nations. The most simple geometrical figure in the system of the clan signs has a form of a straight line and also an angle with sides of different length. One of the most popular images is a cross that in the folk culture is associated with cross piece of the smoke flap of the yurt. There are a lot of tamgas in the shape of a circle or, as the Kalmyks call it in the system of tamgas, iron ring. The variety of this type of tamgas is set up based on the number of rings and their position in relation to each other. There were popular tamgas in the shape of a semicircle that differed in the direction of the image and also in the shape of bident or trident. The authors’ materials point to the fact that there could also be sings in the form of Chinese characters. All things considered, there are several desiderata in the study of Kalmyk tamgas and their further study will allow to enlarge the list of tamga types.
{"title":"О видах калмыцких родовых тамг","authors":"Daria B. Gedeyeva","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-70-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-70-77","url":null,"abstract":"The study gives a review of the Kalmyk clan sings called tamga. The article identifies the main types of these signs. The author points out that tamgas in their image have simple geometrical figures that can be the evidence of their ancient origin and the high probability of duplication in different nations. The most simple geometrical figure in the system of the clan signs has a form of a straight line and also an angle with sides of different length. One of the most popular images is a cross that in the folk culture is associated with cross piece of the smoke flap of the yurt. There are a lot of tamgas in the shape of a circle or, as the Kalmyks call it in the system of tamgas, iron ring. The variety of this type of tamgas is set up based on the number of rings and their position in relation to each other. There were popular tamgas in the shape of a semicircle that differed in the direction of the image and also in the shape of bident or trident. The authors’ materials point to the fact that there could also be sings in the form of Chinese characters. All things considered, there are several desiderata in the study of Kalmyk tamgas and their further study will allow to enlarge the list of tamga types.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125890919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-104-111
Valeriy N. Badmaev
The article foregrounds the theme of the socio-cultural, civilizational context and worldview status of the contemporary Mongolian Studies and the prospects of its inclusion into the wide perspective of the world scientific research. The processes like globalization and informatization of the science and education, the expansion of the international and interdisciplinary research collaboration, the activation of the science diplomacy lead to “cultural turns”, the emergence of new perspectives in science, the understanding of the scientific and humanistic unity of the East and West, Europe and Asia, the whole world. All these raise the issues of the methodological self-renovation and cultural and civilizational selfawareness for the contemporary Mongolian Studies. The article points out the importance of the refusal of the Eurocentrism rigorism, the need for understanding of equivalence, equal status, equal significance of the west and east intellectual and scientific traditions, their equal importance for each other. The inclusion of the contemporary Mongolian studies into the wider context of the world research will enable to perceive the true meaning of the phenomena “world history”, “world philosophy”, define the new scientific world view of the XXI century.
{"title":"Современное монголоведение: от «культурного поворота» к новой картине мира","authors":"Valeriy N. Badmaev","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-104-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-104-111","url":null,"abstract":"The article foregrounds the theme of the socio-cultural, civilizational context and worldview status of the contemporary Mongolian Studies and the prospects of its inclusion into the wide perspective of the world scientific research. The processes like globalization and informatization of the science and education, the expansion of the international and interdisciplinary research collaboration, the activation of the science diplomacy lead to “cultural turns”, the emergence of new perspectives in science, the understanding of the scientific and humanistic unity of the East and West, Europe and Asia, the whole world. All these raise the issues of the methodological self-renovation and cultural and civilizational selfawareness for the contemporary Mongolian Studies. The article points out the importance of the refusal of the Eurocentrism rigorism, the need for understanding of equivalence, equal status, equal significance of the west and east intellectual and scientific traditions, their equal importance for each other. The inclusion of the contemporary Mongolian studies into the wider context of the world research will enable to perceive the true meaning of the phenomena “world history”, “world philosophy”, define the new scientific world view of the XXI century.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131774193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-151-168
Indzhir M. Boldyreva
The article discusses the practice of the traditional medicine among Kalmyks. The set goals were achieved through the use of comparative-historical and contrastive-comparative methods on the basis of the field materials: audiorecordings of 1960–1980s and video-recordings of 2018 where elder people shared their memories of the exile years including the ways and techniques of using traditional medicine to cure diseases. These recordings are kept at the Scientific Archive of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS. The methods of the Kalmyk traditional medicine are of scientific value for comprehensive study of the cultural heritage of the Kalmyk people. Despite the hardships of the deportation, Kalmyks preserved the accumulated knowledge in the field of traditional medicine, historically ascending to the achievements of the Tibetan medicine.
{"title":"Практики традиционной медицины у калмыков (по данным полевых материалов)","authors":"Indzhir M. Boldyreva","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-151-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-151-168","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the practice of the traditional medicine among Kalmyks. The set goals were achieved through the use of comparative-historical and contrastive-comparative methods on the basis of the field materials: audiorecordings of 1960–1980s and video-recordings of 2018 where elder people shared their memories of the exile years including the ways and techniques of using traditional medicine to cure diseases. These recordings are kept at the Scientific Archive of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS. The methods of the Kalmyk traditional medicine are of scientific value for comprehensive study of the cultural heritage of the Kalmyk people. Despite the hardships of the deportation, Kalmyks preserved the accumulated knowledge in the field of traditional medicine, historically ascending to the achievements of the Tibetan medicine.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130783330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-5-23
Bilegsaikhan Tamirjav
The article discusses the local perception of the two archaeological sites that create the native land of Dariganga ethnic group in Sukhbaatar province of south-eastern Mongolia. The first site is a complex of four stone statues at the south-eastern foot of Dari Mountain in Dariganga county of Sukhbaatar province. The second one is a complex of eight tombs with two stone statues at Tavan Tolgoi Mountain in Ongon county of Sukhbaatar province. These two sites and relics found in them are highly respected by the Dariganga people who claim to be the descendants of the people buried in these tombs, thus disagreeing with the researchers’ assumption that Dariganga ethnic group were not indigenous inhabitants of the area.The article gives a detailed description of the archaeological sites and relics as well as the oral stories and believes connected with them.
{"title":"Восприятие археологических памятников представителями народности дариганга","authors":"Bilegsaikhan Tamirjav","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-5-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-5-23","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the local perception of the two archaeological sites that create the native land of Dariganga ethnic group in Sukhbaatar province of south-eastern Mongolia. The first site is a complex of four stone statues at the south-eastern foot of Dari Mountain in Dariganga county of Sukhbaatar province. The second one is a complex of eight tombs with two stone statues at Tavan Tolgoi Mountain in Ongon county of Sukhbaatar province. These two sites and relics found in them are highly respected by the Dariganga people who claim to be the descendants of the people buried in these tombs, thus disagreeing with the researchers’ assumption that Dariganga ethnic group were not indigenous inhabitants of the area.The article gives a detailed description of the archaeological sites and relics as well as the oral stories and believes connected with them.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114228651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-78-86
Mikhail U. Monraev, Alexander B. Lidzhiev
The article describes the symbolic meaning of the image of some bird species existing in the Kalmyk traditional perception. As a rule, different species of birds in the culture of a nation have their own symbolic meaning that can have both positive and negative connotation. The article analyzes the role of messengers referred to different species of birds. The article points out the link of the bird symbolism with totemism and in particular with the selection of this or other species of birds for totems of different ethnic groups. There was a comparative analysis of the bird symbolism among different nations. The study is of great importance as there is a need for revealing the main characteristics of bird image symbols which are as ancient as any other symbols existing in the life of people. The article analyzes the ornithonyms of the Kalmyk language from the ethno-linguistic point of view. Ornithonyms are widely represented in the folklore of Kalmyks and other Mongolian nations: in the fairy tales, proverbs, sayings and other folklore genres.
{"title":"Символика птиц у калмыков","authors":"Mikhail U. Monraev, Alexander B. Lidzhiev","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-78-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-78-86","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the symbolic meaning of the image of some bird species existing in the Kalmyk traditional perception. As a rule, different species of birds in the culture of a nation have their own symbolic meaning that can have both positive and negative connotation. The article analyzes the role of messengers referred to different species of birds. The article points out the link of the bird symbolism with totemism and in particular with the selection of this or other species of birds for totems of different ethnic groups. There was a comparative analysis of the bird symbolism among different nations. The study is of great importance as there is a need for revealing the main characteristics of bird image symbols which are as ancient as any other symbols existing in the life of people. The article analyzes the ornithonyms of the Kalmyk language from the ethno-linguistic point of view. Ornithonyms are widely represented in the folklore of Kalmyks and other Mongolian nations: in the fairy tales, proverbs, sayings and other folklore genres.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116201388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-96-103
Naranzhargal Norovsambuu
The author describes the history of the military collaboration of the Kalmyks and Mongols and their participation in the battles of Khalkhin-Gol in 1939 based on the archive materials, mass media publications, memoirs of the participants and researchers. Mongol-Kalmyk collaboration hiked in 1920s and was wound down by 1925 and most of the Kalmyk military experts left Mongolia. In the summer of 1939 the military events at the river KhalkhinGol caused sending the Kalmyk military experts and junior commanders back to Mongolia where they took part in the battles. Among the participants of that event were M. T. Bimbaev, L. S.Erendzhenov, M. Kalykov and many others who were honored with military awards. Many of them were deported later and after coming back from Siberia worked in Kalmykia. The clear illustration of Kalmyks being proud of their compatriots who fought for the independence of Mongolia is naming one of the streets in Elista Khalkhin-Gol – in honor of the great victory.
作者根据档案资料、大众媒体出版物、参与者和研究人员的回忆录描述了卡尔梅克人和蒙古人军事合作的历史以及他们在1939年参加哈尔辛-戈尔战役的历史。蒙古-卡尔梅克人的合作在20世纪20年代开始，到1925年结束，大多数卡尔梅克军事专家离开了蒙古。1939年夏天，哈尔克辛戈尔河的军事事件导致卡尔梅克军事专家和初级指挥官返回蒙古参加战斗。参加那次活动的有m·t·宾巴耶夫(M. T. Bimbaev)、l·s·叶连仁诺夫(L. S.Erendzhenov)、卡里科夫(M. Kalykov)以及其他许多获得军事奖励的人。他们中的许多人后来被驱逐出境，从西伯利亚回来后在卡尔梅克工作。卡尔梅克人为他们为蒙古独立而战的同胞感到自豪，这一鲜明的例证是为纪念伟大的胜利而命名Elista Khalkhin-Gol的一条街道。
{"title":"Халх голын дайнд оролцсон халимаг дайчид (О калмыцких военных — участниках событий на Халхин-Голе)","authors":"Naranzhargal Norovsambuu","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-96-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-96-103","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes the history of the military collaboration of the Kalmyks and Mongols and their participation in the battles of Khalkhin-Gol in 1939 based on the archive materials, mass media publications, memoirs of the participants and researchers. Mongol-Kalmyk collaboration hiked in 1920s and was wound down by 1925 and most of the Kalmyk military experts left Mongolia. In the summer of 1939 the military events at the river KhalkhinGol caused sending the Kalmyk military experts and junior commanders back to Mongolia where they took part in the battles. Among the participants of that event were M. T. Bimbaev, L. S.Erendzhenov, M. Kalykov and many others who were honored with military awards. Many of them were deported later and after coming back from Siberia worked in Kalmykia. The clear illustration of Kalmyks being proud of their compatriots who fought for the independence of Mongolia is naming one of the streets in Elista Khalkhin-Gol – in honor of the great victory.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125805460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-68-73
Tsyden S. Ochirov
Mongolia nationhood status despite its present stability and full recognition by the world community has still ambiguous reaction among some Chinese authors. The goal of the article is to analyze the works on the problems of independence of Mongolia in XX century. The study aims at, first of all, identifying the works of Chinese researchers on the topic; secondly, random selection and analysis of the texts that contain the fundamental principles of the problems of independence of Mongolia. The analysis showed that some Chinese historians still use the archaic term “Outer Mongolia” in regard to the modern Mongolia; in the most Chinese works there is an idea that the independence of Mongolia in the first half of the XX century was the result of long-held plans of the Tsarist (Soviet) Russia towards effete China.
{"title":"Проблема независимости Монгольской Народной Республики в современной китайской историографии","authors":"Tsyden S. Ochirov","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-68-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-68-73","url":null,"abstract":"Mongolia nationhood status despite its present stability and full recognition by the world community has still ambiguous reaction among some Chinese authors. The goal of the article is to analyze the works on the problems of independence of Mongolia in XX century. The study aims at, first of all, identifying the works of Chinese researchers on the topic; secondly, random selection and analysis of the texts that contain the fundamental principles of the problems of independence of Mongolia. The analysis showed that some Chinese historians still use the archaic term “Outer Mongolia” in regard to the modern Mongolia; in the most Chinese works there is an idea that the independence of Mongolia in the first half of the XX century was the result of long-held plans of the Tsarist (Soviet) Russia towards effete China.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126043111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-28-41
Utash B. Ochirov
Despite the great number of works on the history of the Civil War, the history of the military units of the Red Army during the first years of its establishment still has not been thoroughly investigated. The list of the Red Army formations including cavalry units is still not complete. One of the ways to detect cavalry divisions, scheduled for formation, is numbering analysis which was open-type and solid and was maintained in the specific recording system. The analysis showed that among the units formed in 1918–1919 there was the Kalmyk cavalry division that drew special attention of the central military authorities headed by People’s Commissar L. D. Trotskiy due to the fact that Kalmyks were born horsemen and could quickly master cavalry service.
{"title":"Калмыцкая дивизия и ее место в нумерации кавалерийских соединений РККА в 1918–1919 гг.","authors":"Utash B. Ochirov","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-28-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-28-41","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the great number of works on the history of the Civil War, the history of the military units of the Red Army during the first years of its establishment still has not been thoroughly investigated. The list of the Red Army formations including cavalry units is still not complete. One of the ways to detect cavalry divisions, scheduled for formation, is numbering analysis which was open-type and solid and was maintained in the specific recording system. The analysis showed that among the units formed in 1918–1919 there was the Kalmyk cavalry division that drew special attention of the central military authorities headed by People’s Commissar L. D. Trotskiy due to the fact that Kalmyks were born horsemen and could quickly master cavalry service.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129899359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-51-57
Baatr A. Okonov
The article discusses the process of the study of the history of the AllUnion Leninist Young Communist League in the republic of Kalmykia, points out the main stages of historiography, gives analysis of the general national and regional literature on the topic in question. The literature analysis shows that despite its fair number there are still unsolved problems in the topic research. The history of the regional Komsomol organizations is still not thoroughly investigated. The first works on the history of Komsomol in Kalmykia were published in 1960s–1970s of the last century. In the last decades there has been a new approach in the analysis and evaluation of the activities of the Komsomol organizations that is free of the stereotypes and dogmas formed in the Soviet context. However, there still is no fundamental research on the history of the Komsomol movement that covers the whole period from the moment of its establishment in XX century until now. Moreover, many aspects of the regional Komsomol organizations in the pre-war period require additional research and understanding. Most of the modern studies discuss different aspects of the given topic; however, there is not any integrated research.
{"title":"Историография Калмыцкой организации ВЛКСМ в 20–30-е гг. XX в.","authors":"Baatr A. Okonov","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-51-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-51-57","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the process of the study of the history of the AllUnion Leninist Young Communist League in the republic of Kalmykia, points out the main stages of historiography, gives analysis of the general national and regional literature on the topic in question. The literature analysis shows that despite its fair number there are still unsolved problems in the topic research. The history of the regional Komsomol organizations is still not thoroughly investigated. The first works on the history of Komsomol in Kalmykia were published in 1960s–1970s of the last century. In the last decades there has been a new approach in the analysis and evaluation of the activities of the Komsomol organizations that is free of the stereotypes and dogmas formed in the Soviet context. However, there still is no fundamental research on the history of the Komsomol movement that covers the whole period from the moment of its establishment in XX century until now. Moreover, many aspects of the regional Komsomol organizations in the pre-war period require additional research and understanding. Most of the modern studies discuss different aspects of the given topic; however, there is not any integrated research.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125711975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-74-85
K. V. Orlova
The article analyzes the antireligious policy of the Mongolian Party and government in 1920s–1930s of the XX century. At the beginning of the 1920s the party and state authorities’ attitude towards religion and clergy was loyal, but from the beginning of 1926 with the adoption of the law about separation of religion from the state, the time of its gradual tightening up began. The attacks on the monasteries manifested in deprivation of their economic independence, taxation, forced conversion of the lamas to laymen, open campaign for “total confiscation of possessions of lamas and monasteries”. These actions of the party and the government obviously aroused protests from the clergy and church that lead to uprising and rebellions. In relation to this the recording of the conversation of the USSR Central Executive Committee presidium member S. E. Chutskaev with the head of the organizational department of the Central Committee of Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party D. Luvsansharav, former lama, is of great interest. The study is based on the archive materials about Buddhist clergy and church that are presented in the collection of documents “Mongolia in documents from the archives of the Federal Security Service of Russia (1922–1936)”. Out of 163 documents, included into the book, 35 documents are about lamas and the clergy, they introduce a wide range of problems.
{"title":"«Антирелигиозная политика в Монголии нужна и возможна…»: по материалам сборника «Монголия в документах из архивов ФСБ России (1922–1936 гг.)»","authors":"K. V. Orlova","doi":"10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-74-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-74-85","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the antireligious policy of the Mongolian Party and government in 1920s–1930s of the XX century. At the beginning of the 1920s the party and state authorities’ attitude towards religion and clergy was loyal, but from the beginning of 1926 with the adoption of the law about separation of religion from the state, the time of its gradual tightening up began. The attacks on the monasteries manifested in deprivation of their economic independence, taxation, forced conversion of the lamas to laymen, open campaign for “total confiscation of possessions of lamas and monasteries”. These actions of the party and the government obviously aroused protests from the clergy and church that lead to uprising and rebellions. In relation to this the recording of the conversation of the USSR Central Executive Committee presidium member S. E. Chutskaev with the head of the organizational department of the Central Committee of Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party D. Luvsansharav, former lama, is of great interest. The study is based on the archive materials about Buddhist clergy and church that are presented in the collection of documents “Mongolia in documents from the archives of the Federal Security Service of Russia (1922–1936)”. Out of 163 documents, included into the book, 35 documents are about lamas and the clergy, they introduce a wide range of problems.","PeriodicalId":149697,"journal":{"name":"Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122265636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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