Journal of Applied Entomology最新文献

Insect-mediated pollination is essential for crop production but is mainly studied considering diurnal pollinators only. Here, we use pollinator exclusion techniques to prevent either diurnal or nocturnal insect visits in small fruit crops: raspberry (Rubus idaeus), over 1 year, and red currant (Ribes rubrum) and black currant (Ribes nigrum), over 2 years, in sites within mixed landscapes of western and northern France. The contribution of day- and night-active pollinators was measured from 850 flowers total from 36 plants across all species and included the following pollination components: fruit set, fruit weight, fruit volume and seed set. We find that nocturnal pollination improves seed set of all three crops, as well as fruit volume of red currant, compared to exclusion of all insect visits. This confirms the existence of nocturnal pollination services for these crops. We found no direct evidence of a nocturnal pollination service for fruit set of the three crops. However, we found that contributions from the combination of diurnal and nocturnal pollinators enhance fruit set in red currant and black currant. We found no effects of pollination treatment on fruit weight of any crop. These results suggest that nocturnal pollination plays a role in the production of small fruit crops, and call for inclusive pollinator-friendly schemes including night-active pollinators in order to support pollination services and crop production.

Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a key phytosanitary pest of citrus in South Africa. The pest damages fruit by burrowing and feeding on the pulp, thus causing yield losses and export rejections. There are several T. leucotreta management strategies, such as orchard sanitation, mating disruption, attract-and-kill, the use of biocontrol agents, and the sterile insect technique. A laboratory cage study was conducted to examine the impact of different combinations of treated (sterile) and untreated (fertile) T. leucotreta adults on fruit damage and reproduction rate. Thaumatotibia leucotreta adults were grouped into different combinations of treated (T) and untreated (U) male (M) and female (F): UM × UF (control), TM × UF, UM × TF, TM × TF, and UM × UF × TM × TF. These combinations were released into cages to mate and oviposit on the Navel oranges. Each treatment was replicated three times, and the experiment was repeated three times. After 4 weeks, the number of damaged fruit and larval entries per fruit per cage were recorded. Damaged fruit per treatment were then incubated until all emerging F1 progeny were collected and outcrossed with fertile T. leucotreta. Fecundity and fertility per treatment were recorded. Cages with sterile T. leucotreta had significantly fewer damaged fruit, larval entries, and emerged F1 adults compared to the control, except for UM × UF × TM × TF treatments. Similarly, control cages and UM × UF × TM × TF treatments had significantly higher fecundity and fertility compared to other treatments involving sterile T. leucotreta. The TM × UF combination exhibited the lowest rate of increase per generation (< 0.57× from the parental to F1 generation), demonstrating a reduction in the fertile population. The results demonstrated that the release of sterile T. leucotreta leads to sterile-fertile matings rather than fertile-fertile matings, thereby aiding in pest suppression in the T. leucotreta SIT programme.

Bayram, A. and Tonğa, A. (2016), First report of Chilo partellus in Turkey, a new invasive maize pest for Europe. J. Appl. Entomol., 140: 236-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12232.

We wish to clarify that Sertkaya et al. (2014) previously reported Chilo partellus in Turkey in the Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni (https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/entoteb/article/75077), a regional journal not indexed in any major international scientific databases. As this publication was not discoverable through standard literature searches (e.g., Web of Science, CAB Abstracts), it was unknown to us during the preparation of our manuscript. Our study includes authenticated voucher specimens, independent expert confirmation and additional ecological data, thereby complementing and expanding upon the earlier report.

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Accurate pollen collection is essential for understanding bumble bee foraging dynamics, assessing environmental risks and monitoring colony health. Effective monitoring systems provide critical insights into pesticide exposure, floral resource availability and pollinator health. This study compares the efficiency of two pollen trap designs, the newly developed JKI trap and the USDA 3D-printed trap, in collecting pollen from Bombus terrestris colonies. Field tests using traps with two entrance diameters (6.5 and 7.2 mm) showed that the JKI trap collected significantly more pollen than the USDA trap, with the statistical model predicting approximately 24 times higher yields (p < 0.001); no significant effect of entrance diameter on pollen yield was observed. The JKI trap's effective performance, coupled with its design flexibility and potential for adaptation across different Bombus species and pollinators, makes it a valuable tool for long-term ecological monitoring, floral resource assessments, and pesticide risk studies.

The green apple aphid (Aphis pomi De Geer) is a major early-season pest in apple orchards. While petroleum spray oils (PSOs) are commonly applied at the delayed dormant stage to control San José scale and European red mite, their effect on A. pomi remains unclear. This study assessed the ovicidal and larvicidal efficacy of 2% PSO applications at the delayed dormant/green tip stage. Laboratory and field assays demonstrated substantial suppression of egg hatch, with cumulative hatch reduced to 9.90% ± 0.57% (laboratory assay) and 9.62% ± 0.71% (field evaluation) in treated shoots. Survival analyses revealed significantly higher mortality risk for treated eggs. Direct toxicity trials on nymphs showed mortality rates of 69.9% ± 1.95% in field conditions and > 99% in lab dip assays by 5 days after treatment. Residual toxicity assays indicated cumulative mortality reaching 64.07% ± 2.74% by 2 days post-exposure, confirming efficacy even after drying. Field trials further revealed that PSO significantly reduced bud infestation by A. pomi (5.22% ± 0.54%) compared to the untreated control (19.04% ± 2.34%), with enhanced suppression observed when combined with imidacloprid (0.29% ± 0.14%). These findings underscore the potential of PSO as both a standalone and synergistic agent in aphid management. This is the first detailed report on the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of PSOs against A. pomi, supporting its inclusion in sustainable, early-season integrated pest management programmes.